138 research outputs found
Comparison of four software packages for CT lung volumetry in healthy individuals
No full textObjectives: To compare CT lung volumetry (CTLV) measurements provided by different software packages, and to provide normative data for lung densitometric measurements in healthy individuals. Methods: This retrospective study included 51 chest CTs of 17 volunteers (eight men and nine women; mean age, 30 ± 6 years), who underwent spirometrically monitored CT at total lung capacity (TLC), functional residual capacity (FRC), and mean inspiratory capacity (MIC). Volumetric differences assessed by four commercial software packages were compared with analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measurements and benchmarked against the threshold for acceptable variability between spirometric measurements. Mean lung density (MLD) and parenchymal heterogeneity (MLD-SD) were also compared with ANOVA. Results: Volumetric differences ranged from 12 to 213 ml (0.20 % to 6.45 %). Although 16/18 comparisons (among four software packages at TLC, MIC, and FRC) were statistically significant (P < 0.001 to P = 0.004), only 3/18 comparisons, one at MIC and two at FRC, exceeded the spirometry variability threshold. MLD and MLD-SD significantly increased with decreasing volumes, and were significantly larger in lower compared to upper lobes (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Lung volumetric differences provided by different software packages are small. These differences should not be interpreted based on statistical significance alone, but together with absolute volumetric differences. Key Points: • Volumetric differences, assessed by different CTLV software, are small but statistically significant. • Volumetric differences are smaller at TLC than at MIC and FRC. • Volumetric differences rarely exceed spirometric repeatability thresholds at MIC and FRC. • Differences between CTLV measurements should be interpreted based on comparison of absolute differences. • MLD increases with decreasing volumes, and is larger in lower compared to upper lobes
Étude des conséquences fonctionnelles de la mutation SGO1 K23E sur la voie de signalisation TGF-β
Get PDFNous avons identifié un nouveau syndrome d’arythmie généralisée rare dans la population franco-canadienne, CAID syndrome (Chronic Atrial and Intestinal Dysrhythmia) causé par une mutation fondatrice récessive dans le gène Shugoshin-like 1 (SGO1). La mutation change une lysine par un acide glutamique à la position 23. Les patients affectés souffrent d'une maladie du nœud sinusal et d'une pseudo-obstruction intestinale chronique. À ce jour, c’est la seule pathologie affectant à la fois le pacemaker cardiaque et le pacemaker intestinal.
Nous avons montré que la mutation SGO1 K23E stimule la voie de signalisation TGF-β, qui est impliquée dans de très nombreux processus biologiques, et dont le rôle de SGO1 dans celle-ci reste inconnu. Une étude a identifié la protéine BUB1, impliquée dans la localisation centromérique de SGO1, comme régulatrice de la voie TGF-β (2015). Ce qui suggère une implication possible de SGO1 dans ce processus.
L’objectif de ce projet de Maîtrise est de caractériser ce nouveau rôle de SGO1 lors du développement du nœud sinusal, ainsi que l’impact de la mutation K23E. L’état de phosphorylation de protéines impliquées dans cette voie TGF-β a été quantifié dans des fibroblastes de peau de patients et de sujets témoins, par la technologie ALPHA (Amplified Luminescence Proximity Homogenous Assay), et les résultats révèlent que la mutation K23E engendre une augmentation de la voie canonique et une inhibition de la voie non-canonique de TGF-β.We recently identified a novel generalized dysrhythmia syndrome in the French-Canadian population that we termed CAID syndrome (Chronic Atrial and Intestinal Dysrhythmia), caused by a recessive homozygous mutation in the gene Shugoshin-like 1 (SGO1). The mutation changes a lysine by a glutamic acid at the position 23. All patients have sick sinus syndrome as well as chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, making it the first generalized pace making syndrome affecting both the cardiac and the intestinal pacemaker.
We previously have shown that the SGO1 K23E mutation affect the TGF-ß signaling pathway, which is involved in many crucial biological process, although the role of SGO1 in this pathway has not been well characterized. A study identified the BUB1 protein involved in the centromeric localization of SGO1, as regulator of this pathway (2015). This suggests a possible implication of SGO1 in this process.
The objective of this Master project is to characterize this new role of SGO1 during the sinus node development, and the impact of the K23E mutation. The phosphorylation state of some proteins involved in this TGF-β pathway has been quantified in skin fibroblasts of both patients and controls, by using the ALPHA technology (Amplified Luminescence Proximity Homogenous Assay), and the results reveal that the K23E mutation induces an increase of the canonical TGF-β pathway and also, an inhibition of the non-canonical pathway
Kedrovyi Sor : la vie quotidienne dans un camp du goulag à l'époque stalinienne
No full textKedrovyi Sor: daily life in a Gulag camp during the Stalinist period, Oleg Azarov.
Our knowledge of the Soviet concentration camp universe is beginning to be nourished by direct access to archives. The author, a young Russian scholar, has been able to work on a rich collection of documents concerning the camp of Kedrovyi Sor, in the Pečora bassin. Through his study of the camp's administrative structure, its financial operation and its economic activities, and through an analysis of the inmates and their living conditions, he provides, almost in the raw, a concrete and precise description of the daily functioning of a Stalinist camp from the early 1930s to the 1950s.Azarov Oleg, Laurent Natacha. Kedrovyi Sor : la vie quotidienne dans un camp du goulag à l'époque stalinienne. In: Vingtième Siècle, revue d'histoire, n°43, juillet-septembre 1994. Dossier : Histoire au présent de la "political correctness" pp. 69-87
La nomination de soi, entre catégorisation et intelligibilité : penser le genre
No full textÀ partir de données recueillies dans une thèse en sociologie (2008, 2010), l’article de Natacha Chetcuti s’intéresse aux manières de se dépendre des assignations normatives de genre et de corporéité à partir d’une dimension qui est celle du processus d’autonomination dans un contexte de situation minoritaire. Deux concepts clés constituent ici la trame de l’écriture. Le premier : celui de l’autonomination comme procédé méthodologique permettant de saisir l’effet de la norme en ce qui concerne le rapport sexe/genre et sa réinterprétation à partir de l’énonciation de soi en tant que lesbienne. Le second, qui fait suite à l’analyse empirique, à partir précisément du cadre interprétatif de l’autonomination, est celui d’un processus que l’auteur désigne sous le nom de « dés-hétérosexualisation ». Cette opération, constatée à partir de l’analyse des entretiens menés entre 2003 et 2008 auprès de lesbiennes de 30 à 50 ans, consiste dans la capacité à se nommer en tant que lesbienne et prend forme et sens dans la perception d’un corps qui se distancie de l’idéal normatif binaire de genre. L’autonomination de soi conduit dans la plupart des parcours décrits vers un processus qui s’oppose à la naturalisation des corps genrés pour produire des corps des-hétérosexualisés, composant ainsi un nouveau mode d’intelligibilité d’un « corps propre » en référence non plus à l’hétérosexualité comme principe de l’altérité, mais à celui d’une culture dé-médiatisée de la norme hégémonique. Un mode de l’altérité se trouve ainsi redéfini, qui ne se soutient plus du principe de la différence des sexes.Based on data from a doctoral thesis in sociology (2008, 2010) and drawing from a fieldwork conducted among lesbian urban communities in Paris and in Toulouse, this article focuses the ways through which participants (lesbian identified people) recruite gender and bodily norms in self naming and categorization practices. Naming practices are methodological procedures who capture the effect of the norms on gendered construction of lesbian self in everyday practices. Indeed the verbal coming out as a lesbian subject is intertwinned with a de-heterosexualization process, i.e. the emergence of a body perceived as an “own body”, a “lesbian body” in opposition to a naturalized, hetoronomative one. This new way of thinking leads the author to rethink a new relationship between practices and norms, to challenge the self vs other - homosexuality vs heterosexuality dichotomies and finally to reframe what we call “sexual difference”
Prisoners of Lexicon: Cultural Cisgenderism and Transgender Children
Get PDFThis paper focuses on cultural cisgenderism and its effects on trans people and trans children in particular. Based on a sociological analysis of the key assumptions of the construct of cultural cisgenderism, the author examines how cultural cisgenderism impacts the development of self-preceptions in trans people and trans children, and clearly reveals in detail the different effects of the system of cultural cisgenderism. Cultural cisgenderism is here primarily contrasted with transphobia, in the hope of contributing to a better understanding of the problems that trans people face with cultural cisgenderism
Opportunistic disease in yellow perch in response to decadal changes in the chemistry of oil sands-affected waters
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