168 research outputs found
Responding the Internationalisation of Conflict: Rule of Law based Humanitarian Law Approachesas Pioneers of Legal Globalisation
No full textWhat interpretative role can the historical development of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) norms play in the current discussion on the globalization of law in general? To answer this question, the article firstly highlights from a theoretical perspective the fragmentary effects of the phenomena of globalization on law in general to set the discursive playing field. Based on these findings, the author shows potential normative and institutional answers provided by IHL on the truly global phenomenon of armed conflicts. To demonstrate the ongoing development and normative reinterpretations of IHL norms in the interdependent system of customary rules and treaty-based rules, the article draws a line of reception from the norms of the St. Petersburg Declaration (1868) to the influential Customary International Law Study of the International Committee of the Red Cross (2005) and recent IHL conventions such as the convention on cluster munitions (2008). Thereby, a special emphasis is given to the broad global acceptance of the relevant IHL norms despite its rather weak enforcement mechanisms.What interpretative role can the historical development of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) norms play in the current discussion on the globalization of law in general? To answer this question, the article firstly highlights from a theoretical perspective the fragmentary effects of the phenomena of globalization on law in general to set the discursive playing field. Based on these findings, the author shows potential normative and institutional answers provided by IHL on the truly global phenomenon of armed conflicts. To demonstrate the ongoing development and normative reinterpretations of IHL norms in the interdependent system of customary rules and treaty-based rules, the article draws a line of reception from the norms of the St. Petersburg Declaration (1868) to the influential Customary International Law Study of the International Committee of the Red Cross (2005) and recent IHL conventions such as the convention on cluster munitions (2008). Thereby, a special emphasis is given to the broad global acceptance of the relevant IHL norms despite its rather weak enforcement mechanisms
Aven and Survivin Expression in Egyptian Acute Leukemia and Their Relation to Apoptosis
No full textBackground: Several anti apoptotic signals have been recently identified. Aven and Survivin are broadly expressed and are conserved in mammalian species. Patients and Methods: 39 AML and 25 ALL were tested. Aven and Survivin expression were detected by RT-PCR. DNA fragmentation was carried out daily after treatment..Results: Survivin was expressed (P=0.06) more in AML (74%) than in ALL (52%). While, Aven was equally expressed in both leukemias. Patients were categorized into 3 groups based on DNA fragmentation. Absence of Aven significantly (p‹0.001) contributed to DNA fragmentation,but Survivin did not contribute as much. None of the concordant both positive Survivin and Aven were in group III (the good 5 day fragmentation, (P< 0.001). Survivin was statistically related to CD7 expression (P<0.001) in AML only. There was a significant dissociation between Aven and Survivin in AML (p=0.03) and near significant dissociation in ALL (p=0.07). Conclusion: Aven seems to be more important as an inhibitor of apoptosis than survivin in acute leukemia. The presence of both confers a survival disadvantage and a significantly worse DNA fragmentation pattern suggesting a synergistic inhibition of apoptosis. The highly significant relation between CD7 and survivin expression might suggest their involvement in a common signal transduction pathway
3D electron diffraction of tranquillityite from the Martian shergottite Northwest Africa 856: Is its elusive crystal structure one step closer to being finally solved?
No full textTranquillityite, currently defined as Fe2+8Zr2Ti3Si3O24, is a rare silicate first discovered in returned samples from the Apollo 11 mission (Lovering et al., 1971) and subsequently found in meteorites from the Moon and Mars (e.g., Leroux & Cordier, 2006) and as an accessory phase in terrestrial mafic rocks (Rasmussen et al., 2012). Since its discovery more than fifty years ago, its low degree of crystallinity has hindered the determination of its crystal structure. Preliminary crystallographic studies indicated a hexagonal lattice with a = 11.69(05) Å and c = 22.25(10) Å (Lovering et al., 1971). Subsequently, it was discovered that lunar tranquillityite is metamict due to radiation damage by uranium occurring in traces in its structure. Experimental attempts to recrystallize tranquillityite showed a fluorite-related face-centered cubic (FCC) cell with a = 4.85(3) Å (Gatehouse et al., 1977). In-zone electron diffraction by transmission electron microscope (TEM) on
preserved crystalline domains in terrestrial tranquillityite showed strong reflections consistent with this FCC cell, but also weaker reflections suggesting a superstructure with both a lower symmetry and a larger unit cell (Rasmussen et al., 2012). Until now, this crystal structure remains elusive.
In this work, we performed wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) by electron probe microanalyzer, electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) by scanning electron microscope, focused ion beam, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and 3D electron diffraction (3DED) by TEM on tranquillityite grains from the Martian shergottite Northwest Africa 856 in order to shed light on its real crystal-chemical features. WDS analyses give the empirical formula (normalized on the basis of 24 oxygen atoms per formula unit): Fe7.70Mg0.54Ca0.17Mn0.11Zr0.97Nb0.03Ti3.19Al0.19Si3.40O24. 3D reconstruction of the reciprocal space of tranquillityite can be indexed on a body-centered orthorhombic cell with a = 6.560(10) Å, b = 7.038(11) Å, c = 18.780(29) Å. This cell is consistent with the supercell observed by Rasmussen et al. (2012). Preliminary
attempts to solve and refine its crystal structure in the space group Imma also show that the cations are packed in distorted face-centered cubes with an average edge of about 4.77 Å in length, similar to the cell parameter of the FCC cell found by previous studies. Despite the great improvement in the structural characterization of tranquillityite, some open issues remain: 1) a good, yet non-perfect match between EBSD and 3DED data; 2) a rather high residual after the structure refinement; 3) the occurrence of very weak reflections suggesting an even larger cell (also observed in the diffraction pattern by Rasmussen et al., 2012). Further analyses will be performed in order to solve this half-century crystallographic enigma
Figuraciones y signos. Num. 9 Año 3 (2000) mayo-agosto. Alquimia. Sistema Nacional de Fototecas
No full text- La caja de Pandora - A quien corresponda, por Francisco Hernández - ¿Histeria o melancolía?, por Roger Bartra - Cuerpos con memoria ojos que los miran, por Patricia Fajer Camus - Villa en la silla presidencial, por José de la Colina - De la belleza del cuerpo masculino, por Horacio Franco - Obregón y su legado, por Luis Gonzáles de Alba - Dos observaciones sobre el paisaje de Mil Cumbres, por Jan Hendriz - Retrato de padre e hija, por Yishai Jusidman - Dos minutos de microhistoria, por David Huerta - Mujeres en el tranvía, por José Emilio Pacheco - Presagio de la muerte anónima, por Jorge Juanes - María Zavala "la destroyer" ayudo a bien morir a los soldados, por Pablo Ortiz Monasterio - La Bella Unión, por Aureilo de los Reyes - Tumba 59, por Irma Palacios Flores - Francisco Villa llorando, por Ruggiero Romano - Tres turistas en Veracruz, por Ana García Bergua - Hombre kickapú, por Alfredo López Austin - El cielo y la claridad, la tierra y las tinieblas, por Juan Fontcuberta - La dama del perrito, por Cristopher Domínguez Michael - La mujer frente al tribunal, por Carla Rippey - Una forma de memoria, por Gerardo Suter - Los carros del Templo Mayor, por Eduardo López Moctezuma - La fotografía en Michoacán, por Guadalupe Carbajal y Agripina Alfaro Trujillo - Una sobreviviente memoria fotográfica: Dolores Casasola, por Rebeca Monroy Nasr - Polvo de aquellos lodos, por Georgina Rodríguez Hernández - Normas catalográficas del Sistema Nacional de Fototecas del INAH, por Fernando del Moral González - El descubrimiento de las edificaciones mayas de Centroamérica por medio de la fotografía, por Arturo Aguilar Ochoa
Using Artificial Intelligence for turbulent combustion modelling: Simplifying the conventional lookup tables
No full textIn reacting flows, detailed chemistry computations are usually avoided precomputing the thermochemical quantities as functions of a reduced set of variables such as the Flamelet Generated Manifold (FGM) approach[34]. Although it mitigates the calculations of detailed chemical mechanism, the memory requirement associated to store the lookup table and retrieve the information during numerical simulations is usually large (order of Gigabytes). Thereby, extending the FGM approach in order to include other conditions requires to addother independent variables which will inevitable lead to increase the size of the lookup table. This will generate that Large Eddy Simulations (LES) cannot be performed such as is the case of the Diluted Air FGM (DA-FGM) approach developed by Xu Huang[9], limiting the simulations to Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach. In this master thesis, the goal is to use Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Machine Learning (ML) techniques in order to reduce substantially the computational cost of storing lookup tables. In order to achieve this, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique is used. First, a 4D FGM lookup table for hydrogen flames is simplified using the aforementioned AI technique. Then, this technique is used to replace a 6D lookup table generated using the DA-FGM approach. The accuracy and stability of the models provided by ANNs is measured by statistical indicators, providing high accurate and stable AI models. Finally, in the middle of this project, unexpected issues regarding the 4D lookup table were encountered, which lead to recreate the 4D lookup table. After studying carefully how the 4D lookup table was created, a new 4D lookup table is generated, providing excellent results and improving the AI models obtained.Mechanical Engineering | Process and Energy Technolog
Interétnicidad y salud en la costa chica de Oaxaca.
No full textTesis para optar por el grado de Maestría en Antropología Socia
La dama del perrito. Alquimia. Sistema Nacional de Fototecas: Figuraciones y signos. Num. 9 Año 3 (2000) mayo-agosto
No full textTeaching English for tourism: a phraseological and cultural approach
No full textTourism has become one of the most important sectors in the global economy and is often considered one of the main tools which may help promote the economic, social, and cultural growth of a country.
Until recently, tourism has been studied particularly from a sociological perspective (Dann 1996; Boyer and Viallon 1994) and only in the last few years the language of tourism has been extensively researched (Author 2002, 2008, 2011, 2012a, 2013; Calvi 2005; Fodde and Denti 2005; Cappelli 2006, 2012; Maci 2010, 2012). New theories on this type of special language show that it is highly phraseological and also characterized by a close relationship with the cultural values of each country. As a consequence, if the main aim of tourist language is to attract customers from all over the world, experts in the field should be trained both from a linguistic and a sociocultural perspective.
However, neither the phraseological approach nor the influence of culture on language are adequately taken into account in the tourist training domain, and textbooks dealing with English for tourism still tend to focus on single words rather than on phrases: they provide lists of words according to specific semantic fields, such as transport, accommodation, time out and so on. Furthermore, different ways in which similar concepts can be verbalized by different cultures are not even mentioned or taken into account.
However, as Halliday (1978) argues, having a good knowledge of a language is not enough because social and cultural contexts constrain the use of words. As a result, language should not be considered as constituted by single words but by phrases and texts within communities. For this reason, lexis and the meaningful relations that words entertain with other words within different contexts (Halliday 1985; Sinclair 1991) should be at the basis of language teaching and learning.
In the light of this phraseological and socio-cultural approach to language, we will briefly overview some of the textbooks used in Italian high schools and university courses to teach English for tourism, and will propose additional activities for students. The relationship between language and cultural aspects will be considered particularly within the teaching of English for tourism in university language courses
Self-explaining and Individual Differences in Multimedia Learning
No full textabstract: Multimodal presentations have been found to facilitate learning, however, may be a disadvantage for low spatial ability students if they require spatial visualization. This disadvantage stems from their limited capacity to spatially visualize and retain information from both text and diagrams for integration. Similarly, working memory capacity (WMC) likely plays a key role in a learner's ability to retain information presented to them via both modalities. The present study investigated whether or not the act of self-explaining helps resolve deficits in learning caused by individual differences in spatial ability, working memory capacity, and prior knowledge when learning with text, or text and diagrams. No interactions were found, but prior knowledge consistently predicted performance on like posttests. The author presents methodological and theoretical explanations as to the null results of the present study.Dissertation/ThesisM.S. Applied Psychology 201
Minimum Circuit Size, Graph Isomorphism, and Related Problems
No full textWe study the computational power of deciding whether a given truth-table can be described by a circuit of a given size (the Minimum Circuit Size Problem, or MCSP for short), and of the variant denoted MKTP where circuit size is replaced by a polynomially-related Kolmogorov measure. Prior to our work, all reductions from supposedly-intractable problems to MCSP / MKTP hinged on the power of MCSP / MKTP to distinguish random distributions from distributions produced by hardness-based pseudorandom generator constructions. We develop a fundamentally different approach inspired by the well-known interactive proof system for the complement of Graph Isomorphism (GI). It yields a randomized reduction with zero-sided error from GI to MKTP. We generalize the result and show that GI can be replaced by any isomorphism problem for which the underlying group satises some elementary properties. Instantiations include Linear Code Equivalence, Permutation Group Conjugacy, and Matrix Subspace Conjugacy. Along the way we develop encodings of isomorphism classes that are efficiently decodable and achieve compression that is at or near the information-theoretic optimum; those encodings may be of independent interest.This article is "to appear" in SIAM Journal on ComputingPeer reviewedAn extended abstract of this paper appeared in the Proceedings of the 9th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS’18)
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