1,720,965 research outputs found
Standard error estimation and related sampling issues
No full textThe paper presents the current state of progress of the Net-SILC2 work package dealing with standard error estimation and other related sampling issues in EU-SILC. The aim of this work package is to develop a handbook with a concrete set of recommendations both for data providers and data users with regard to standard error estimation. The increased complexity of EU-SILC, the widening of the user community and the increased reliance on EU-SILC for policy targeting and evaluation have enhanced the need for comparable, accurate as well as workable solutions for the estimation of standard errors and confidence intervals. After presenting the variance estimation methodology which has been recommended, the paper shows numerical results obtained for some of the EU-SILC key indicators
Standard error estimation for the EU-SILC indicators of poverty and social exclusion
No full textSince EU-SILC was launched, much attention has been paid to sampling errors. However, the computation of standard errors for estimates based on EU-SILC is confronted with several challenges. In this article, we propose a simple approach for standard error estimation based upon basic statistical techniques. The proposed estimator is simple and flexible, yet theoretically justified. It can accommodate nearly all the sampling designs and the target indicators used in EU-SILC, no matter their complexity. The proposed approach can be easily implemented with standard statistical software (SAS, SPSS, Stata, R…) and requires minimal computing power. We illustrate the proposed approach by showing preliminary standard error estimates for key EU-SILC indicators of poverty and social exclusion: the new “Europe-2020” indicator of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE indicator) and the persistent at-risk-of-poverty rate, which is the core EU-SILC longitudinal indicator. The change in the AROPE between two years is also considered. It is necessary to estimate the standard error of changes to judge whether the observed differences are statistically significant.<br/
The Claiming Costs Scale: A new instrument for measuring the costs potential beneficiaries face when claiming social benefits
Get PDFIt is a well-known feature of social protection systems that not all persons who are entitled to social benefits also claim these benefits. The costs people face when claiming benefits is considered an important cause of this phenomenon of non-take-up. In this paper, we developed and examined the psychometric properties of a new scale, the Claiming Cost Scale (CCS), which measures three dimensions of costs associated with claiming benefits. A multi-phase instrument development method was performed to develop the instrument. The item pool was generated based on a literature review, and presented to academic experts (n = 9) and experts by experience (n = 5) to assess content and face validity. In a second stage, centrality and dispersion, construct validity, convergent and divergent validity, and internal reliability of the instrument were tested. These analyses were based on two samples (n = 141 and n = 1265) of individuals living in low-income households in Belgium. Nine items were retained, which represent three factors (Information costs, Process costs and Stigma). The confirmatory factor analysis proved adequate model fitness. Both convergent and divergent validity were good, and internal consistency was adequate, with Cronbach’s alpha ranging between .73 and .87. The findings showed that the CCS is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the costs potential beneficiaries face when claiming benefits. Consisting of only nine items, the scale can be easily implemented in large-scale survey research or used in day-to-day work of service providers who are interested in understanding non-take-up of their service
Standard error estimation in EU-SILC – First results of the Net-SILC2 project
No full textThe paper presents the current state of progress of the Net-SILC2 work package dealing with standard error estimation and other related sampling issues in EU-SILC. The aim of this work package is to develop a practicable set of recommendations on standard error estimation both for data producers (NSIs) and data users. The increased complexity of EU-SILC, the widening of the user community and the increased reliance on EU-SILC for policy targeting and evaluation, particularly since the launch of the "Europe 2020" Strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, have enhanced the need for comparable, accurate as well as workable solutions for the estimation of standard errors and confidence intervals. After presenting the variance estimation methodology that has been proposed, the paper shows preliminary results for cross-sectional and longitudinal measures and for measures of net change
Standard error estimation and related sampling issues
Get PDFGiven that all the indicators based on EU‐SILC are sample estimates, they should be reported along with estimates of standard errors and confidence intervals, particularly if the indicators are used for policy decisions. It is crucial to take the sampling variance into account when using sample estimates to monitor poverty and social exclusion, otherwise small changes in estimates may be wrongly interpreted as real changes in the population. Commission Regulation (EC) No 28/2004 of 5 January 2004, regarding the detailed content of intermediate and final EU‐SILC Quality reports, requires that standard error estimates shall be provided by countries along with the EU‐SILC main target indicators. In this chapter, we develop a practicable set of recommendations for computing standard errors both at data producers’ level (National Statistics Institutes — NSIs) and data users’ level (non NSIs)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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