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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Eine Wirkungsanalyse zu Landfragen in Entwicklungsländern
No full textSeventy-five percent of the world’s poor live in rural areas with a vast majority depending on agriculture. But all too often access to land is problematic and the legal status of land rights, especially of smallholder farmers, is unclear. Land reforms are therefore high on the international development agenda. However, empirical evidence is mixed, and some aspects, such as the effects of voluntary resettlement, are highly under-researched.
My dissertation therefore aims at contributing to the identification of consequences of voluntary resettlement. Thereby, I was guided by three central questions:
1. Did voluntary resettlement within a land reform affect social networks in the short run?
2. Do the land reform beneficiaries face the danger of a risk-induced poverty trap and does this threat differ between resettled and non-resettled participants?
3. How does the land distribution and initial agricultural success affect subjective economic well-being of the beneficiaries?
The data collection took place within a land reform project in Cambodia where so called social land concessions are granted to landless or land-poor households. Beneficiaries could apply for agricultural land, settlement land, or both types of land. This enabled me to compare those who received only agricultural land (non-resettled households) with those who received agricultural and settlement land (resettled households). The research is based on a data set consisting of ex-ante survey data on the socio-economic situation of future land recipients and an appropriate control group, ex-post survey data of the same households collected about one and a half year after the intervention, and ex-post experimental data of the land recipients dealing with risk-taking and the willingness to show solidarity with anonymous village members.
This dissertation shows that the willingness to support fellow villagers is significantly lower in the resettled community than in the non-resettled communities. Resettled land recipients transfer on average between 47 and 75 percent less money than non-resettled players. Hence, the social costs of voluntary resettlement seem to be significantly higher than commonly assumed. In line with this finding, solidarity expectations are lower for resettled than for non-resettled land recipients. As expectations are in turn positively related to risk-taking and the reaction to past success is stronger in the non-resettled community, I can show that the danger of path-dependency and a risk-induced poverty trap exists for all land recipients but that it seems to be higher for resettled project members.
As a complementary to these objective approaches, I analyze subjective economic well-being of the land recipients and a control group. I find that it is positively correlated with land size. This outcome does not only originate from monetary effects, as identified correlations remain significant after controlling for income. For that reason, it is likely that not only today’s income but also improved future economic prospects and increased economic stability play an important role for subjective economic well-being of land recipients. Moreover, those respondents who manage to put the received land under agricultural production show a higher subjective economic well-being indicating that success matters for farmers’ well-being.
This dissertation adds furthermore to the scarce evidence on causal effects of contract farming in the sphere of a large-scale land acquisition. Recently, large-scale land acquisition has increased dramatically in the developing world. The question how land deals affect the local population became therefore highly relevant. Despite controversial findings in the literature, studies identifying the causal effect of contract farming on farmers’ circumstances are rare and often rely on weak instruments. The fourth paper of this dissertation made use of a unique dataset incorporating information on outgrowers and independent farmers in the context of a large-scale land acquisition in Ghana where contract allocation took place as a quasi-natural experiment. The analysis was guided by the following question:
4. Does contract farming contribute to the overall subjective well-being of participating farmers?
We identify a positive effect of contract farming on subjective well-being. It seems that contract farming increases security of the participating farmers as secure rights to land matter substantially for the overall life satisfaction of non-contract but not of contract farmers.Diese Dissertation vereint vier Arbeiten, die sich mit ineinandergreifenden Fragestellungen der Landökonomie beschäftigen. Drei der Artikel untersuchen sozioökonomische Auswirkungen eines Landvergabeprojektes in Kambodscha und gehen dabei auf Unterschiede zwischen freiwillig umgesiedelten Landempfängern und nicht-umgesiedelten Landempfängern ein.
Die Analysen basieren auf zwei Befragungen, von denen die erste vor der Landvergabe und die zweite eineinhalb Jahre nach der Landvergabe stattgefunden hat, sowie auf einem ökonomischen Experiment, welches etwa ein Jahr nach der Landvergabe durchgeführt wurde. Das Experiment bestand aus einer Kombination von drei unabhängigen Spielen. Im ersten Spiel wurden die Risikopräferenzen der Landempfänger gemessen. Im zweiten Spiel wurde das gleiche Risikoexperiment mit einem Solidaritätsexperiment kombiniert. Dabei bildeten jeweils drei zufällig und anonym ausgewählte Spieler eine Solidaritätsgruppe. Innerhalb dieser Gruppe konnten Gewinner des Risikospieles Solidaritätszahlungen an Verlierer des Risikospieles leisten. Im dritten Spiel wurde das Risikoexperiment durch eine Geschicklichkeitsaufgabe ersetzt und ebenfalls mit dem Solidaritätsexperiment kombiniert. Das Solidaritätsexperiment bildet das informelle soziale Sicherungssystem auf Dorfebene ab, welches aktiviert wird, wenn ein Spieler einen Einkommensschock im Risikospiel erleidet.
Der erste Artikel zeigt mit einer multivariaten Tobit-Analyse, dass die Solidaritätszahlungen der umgesiedelte Landempfänger zwischen 47 und 75% geringer sind als die der nicht-umgesiedelte Landempfänger. In beiden Gruppen berichteten zwei Drittel aller Landempfänger von substanziellen Problemen, wie zum Bespiel schwerer Krankheit eines Haushaltsmitgliedes oder Dürre- und Überschwemmungszeiten. Da formelle Versicherungen in Entwicklungsländern häufig nicht verfügbar sind, Kreditzugang limitiert und die Sparfähigkeit der Haushalte stark begrenzt ist, spielen informelle soziale Sicherungsnetze eine zentrale Rolle. Die Analyse zeigt daher die Notwendigkeit unterstützender Maßnahmen für beide Gruppen und die besondere Vulnerabilität der umgesiedelten Landempfänger.
Im zweiten Papier wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen sozialen Sicherungssystemen und Risikopräferenzen untersucht. Eingeschränkter Zugang zu Sicherungssystemen kann dazu führen, dass risikoarme Alternativen gewählt werden, die mit niedrigen Profitraten einhergehen. Ein unglücklicher Ausgang von Risikosituationen kann zudem Pfadabhängigkeit hervorrufen, so dass Haushalte, die in der Vergangenheit schlechte Erfahrungen gemacht haben, nicht bereit sind, weitere Risiken einzugehen. Dies kann zur Entstehung einer Armutsspirale führen, in der sich selbst Haushalte, die nicht per se risikoavers sind, in einem Kreislauf geringen Risikos und geringer Profite bewegen.
Die Ergebnisse dieses Artikels zeigen, dass in beiden Gruppen die Gefahr einer Risiko-verursachten Armutsspirale besteht, diese Gefahr allerdings in der Gruppe der umgesiedelten Projektteilnehmer größer ist. In beiden Gruppen liegen zudem Pfadabhängigkeiten vor.
Der dritte Artikel vergleicht die subjektive ökonomische Zufriedenheit der umgesiedelten und der nicht-umgesiedelten Landempfänger sowie einer Kontrollgruppe miteinander. Hierbei wird subjektive Lebenszufriedenheit als eine Maßzahl für das Nutzenniveau der Individuen verstanden und subjektive ökonomische Zufriedenheit als eine Dimension der allgemeinen Lebenszufriedenheit aufgefasst. Mit diesem übergreifenden Konzept ist es möglich, die Auswirkungen der Landvergabe zu quantifizieren und dabei die individuelle Bewertung der Befragten in den Mittelpunkt zu stellen.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die subjektive ökonomische Zufriedenheit positiv mit der Landgröße korreliert. Des Weiteren weisen Befragte, die ihr Land produktiv nutzen, eine höhere subjektive ökonomische Zufriedenheit auf. Beide Ergebnisse bleiben bestehen, wenn für das Einkommen der Befragten kontrolliert wird, was auf einen Einfluss von nicht-monetären ökonomischen Variablen, wie den Erwartungen für die Zukunft, schließen lässt.
Das vierte Papier untersucht die Auswirkungen von Vertragslandwirtschaft auf die allgemeine subjektive Lebenszufriedenheit von Bauern in Ghana. Die Untersuchung wird im Kontext einer großflächigen Landinvestition durchgeführt. Dieses Forschungsumfeld bietet die Möglichkeit, den kausalen Effekt des Vertragsanbaus zu ermitteln, da die Vertragsvergabe als ein quasi-natürliches Experiment betrachtet werden kann. Die multivariate Analyse zeigt, dass Vertragsbauern eine signifikant höhere subjektive Lebenszufriedenheit aufweisen. Sichere Landrechte beeinflussen dabei die subjektive Lebenszufriedenheit der unabhängigen Bauern signifikant positiv, wohingegen sie nicht in die Nutzenfunktion der Vertragsbauern einfließen. Daher liegt es nahe, dass der Vertragsanbau die Sicherheitsbedürfnisse der Bauern befriedigen kann und ein substitutives Verhältnis vorliegt
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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