1,639 research outputs found
PV System Design in Different Climates: A BIM-Based Methodology
Get PDFOne of the goals of Agenda 2030 is to increase the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix. In this context, photovoltaic systems play a key role in the transition to clean energy. According to the International Energy Agency, in 2023, solar photovoltaic alone accounted for three-quarters of renewable capacity additions worldwide. Designing a performing photovoltaic system requires careful planning that takes into account various factors, both internal and external, in order to maximize energy production and optimize costs. In addition to the technical characteristics of the system (internal factors), the positionsand the shapes of external buildings and surrounding obstacles (external factors) have a significant impact on the output of photovoltaic systems. However, given the complexity of these environmental factors, they cannot be treated accurately in manual design practice. For this reason, this paper proposes a Building Information Modeling-based workflow for the design of a photovoltaic system that can guide the professional step-by-step throughout the design process, starting from the embryonic phase to the definitive, and therefore more detailed, one. The developed methodology allows for an in-depth analysis of the shading,the photovoltaic potential of the building, the performance of the photovoltaic system, and the costs for its construction in order to evaluate the appropriateness of the investment. The main aim of the paper is to create a standardized procedure applicable on a large scale for photovoltaic integration within Building Information Modeling workflows. The methodology is tested on two case studies, characterized by different architectural features and geographical positions
The Construction of the "Zhengyu" Theory in Zhongyuan yin yun
No full text 周德清（1277-1365）《中原音韻》韻譜自注：「正語之本，變雅之端」，本文從這兩句切入，以〈正語作詞起例〉為論述文本。又根據周德清所說「呼吸言語之間，還有入聲之別」的立足點，探索周德清「正語」理論之建構。
本文分四節。第二節「正語概念的形成與總綱」，闡釋「正語之本，變雅之端」的戲曲背景與涵義。這兩句意謂《中原音韻》既是中原之音的正聲，堪可辨正與《廣韻》之差異，亦可做為矯正方音之病的根本；也是辨別北曲與宋元戲文等其他腔調劇種戲曲語音差異的依據。第三節「正語之本—辨正《中原音韻》與《廣韻》的差異」分別從《中原音韻》平聲分陰平、陽平，入派三聲，無閉口入聲及押韻現象等進行論述。第四節「變雅之端—辨正諸方語之病」，分析周德清「正音」的對象，主要針對宋元戲文載體的吳語。
周德清以《中原音韻》與《廣韻》讀音之差異，落實「正語之本」的宗旨；又以中原之音對比吳語或各地方音，落實「變雅之端」的旨趣。對於《廣韻》一書時而偏激，視為鴃舌；時而認同，據以辨明古今字，或據以釋疑字樣，以為指迷。對於方音，視為語病；卻又認同約定俗成的四海之音。究其成書宗旨，則在通古今音變，立戲曲正音。Zhou Deqing's (1277-1365) Zhongyuan yin yun annotates that his book serves as “a model for zhengyu and a rectification of bianya.” Based on this statement, this article will explore his Rules for Composing the Traditional Northern Opera with Correct Sounds in the book. In addition, according to Zhou's understanding of "entering tones are situated between breathing and speaking,” the author will investigate Zhou's construction of zhengyu theory.
This article is divided into four sections. After an introduction in section one, section two explicates the linguistic background and meaning of the above mentioned statement. This statement signifies that the pronunciation in Zhou’s book was deemed standard in the Central Plains, rectifying the disadvantages of various dialects, and differentiating divergences among Guang yun and various types of operas in Chinese dialects. Section three compares the following rhyming phenomena: level tones divided into voiceless and voiced level tones, entering tones recategorized into level, rising, and departing tones, and a lack of closed entering tones and rhyming. Section four analyzes the subject dialects that Zhou rectified, especially the Wu dialect in Song-Yuan southern drama.
Grounded in the differences between Zhongyuan yin yun and Guang yun, Zhou fulfilled the objective of “a model for zhengyu” and brought the aim of “a rectification of bianya” to a successful conclusion through the comparison of central pronunciation with the Wu and other dialects. Not completely agreeing with what Guang yun argues, he viewed dialects as having deficiencies and meanwhile accepted them as pronunciation in common practices. His goal of composing Zhongyuan yin yun was to historicize the changes of sounds and therefore normalize pronunciation for traditional Chinese opera
Corrigendum: Coral reefs of Pakistan: a comprehensive review of anthropogenic threats, climate change, and conservation status
No full textIn the published article, there was an error in the author list, and author Pu Guo was erroneously excluded as co-first author. The corrected author list appears below. “Ishfaq Ahmad1,2†, Pu Guo1†, Mei-Xia Zhao1,3*, Yu Zhong1, Xiao-Yun Zheng1,2, Shu-Qi Zhang1,2, Jian-Wen Qiu4,5, Qi Shi1, Hong-Qiang Yan1, Shi-Chen Tao1 and Li-Jia Xu6†These authors share first authorship” The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated. Copyright © 2024 Ahmad, Guo, Zhao, Zhong, Zheng, Zhang, Qiu, Shi, Yan, Tao and Xu
[[alternative]]The Adaptation Discussion and Interpretation of Liuqin Concerto “The Bell of Sha Yun” by Hsu, Wei-Ting
No full text[[abstract]] 本論文探討徐瑋廷將其所創作之國樂合奏曲《莎韻》改編至柳琴獨奏曲《莎韻之鐘》之過程，以及後續由柳琴演奏者進行樂曲修改的經過，包含由胡雅茹修改的獨奏曲V2，以及由鄭家芸老師及筆者進行修改的獨奏曲V3，修改的同時也會根據演奏者詮釋想法，增加演奏技法和手法進行樂曲詮釋。 本文於第三章先整理《莎韻》保留給柳琴演奏的旋律後，再探討作曲家移植與改編後的《莎韻之鐘》獨奏譜V1，從中得知作曲家在改編上是有規律性的；獨奏曲交由胡雅茹修改時，是先針對曲譜中無法演奏的音域及和弦兩部分進行調整（V2）；獨奏的第二版本（V3）則是由筆者與鄭家芸根據前譜進行修改，V3也為筆者音樂會上的詮釋版本。 透過研究，筆者歸整出樂曲在改編時的規律性以及作曲家與演奏者在修改上的想法，前者重視樂曲的層次豐富度與呈現出的情緒，後者更重視演奏時的技法與手法是否能呈現柳琴的特色及樂曲呈現的畫面。希望本研究能對柳琴音樂的文獻提供一些資料。[[abstract]] This paper explores the process of composer Hsu Wei-ting adapting his original Chinese ensemble piece “Sha Yun” into a solo Liuqin composition titled “The Bell of Sha Yun”. It also delves into the subsequent modifications of Liuqin performer Hu Ya-ru, including the Solo Version 2 (V2) she modified. Furthermore, it discusses the revisions made by teacher Cheng Chia-yun and the author, resulting in Solo Version 3 (V3). During the modification process, playing techniques and methods were added based on the performer's interpretation, enhancing the musical interpretation. In the third chapter of this paper, the preserved melodies of “Sha Yun” for Liuqin performance were organized. The composer's process of transplantation and adaptation to create the solo score of “The Bell of Sha Yun” (V1) was then explored, revealing a systematic approach to the transformation. When the solo version was handed over to Hu Ya-ru for modification, adjustments were made primarily to address the score's unplayable range of notes and chords, resulting in version 2 (V2). The second version of the solo (V3) was subsequently modified by the author and Cheng Chia-yun, building upon the previous version. V3 represents the interpretation version performed by the author in a concert setting. Through research, the author has summarized the regularity of music adaptation and the ideas of composers and performers in making modifications. The former emphasizes the musical layers' richness and emotions' expression. At the same time, the latter focuses more on whether the techniques and skills used in the performance can showcase the characteristics of the Liuqin instrument and depict the imagery conveyed by the music. It is hoped that this study can provide some information for the documentation of Liuqin music
On the association between land system architecture and land surface temperatures: Evidence from a Desert Metropolis - Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
No full textabstract: The relationship between the characteristics of the urban land system and land surface temperature (LST) has received increasing attention in urban heat island and sustainability research, especially for desert cities. This research generally employs medium or coarser spatial resolution data and primarily focuses on the effects of a few classes of land-cover composition and pattern at the neighborhood or larger level using regression models. This study explores the effects of land system architecture—composition and configuration, both pattern and shape, of fine-grain land-cover classes—on LST of single family residential parcels in the Phoenix, Arizona (southwestern USA) metropolitan area. A 1 m resolution land-cover map is used to calculate land architecture metrics at the parcel level, and 6.8 m resolution MODIS/ASTER data are employed to retrieve LST. Linear mixed-effects models quantify the impacts of land configuration on LST at the parcel scale, controlling for the effects of land composition and neighborhood characteristics. Results indicate that parcel-level land-cover composition has the strongest association with daytime and nighttime LST, but the configuration of this cover, foremost compactness and concentration, also affects LST, with different associations between land architecture and LST at nighttime and daytime. Given information on land system architecture at the parcel level, additional information based on geographic and socioeconomic variables does not improve the generalization capability of the statistical models. The results point the way towards parcel-level land-cover design that helps to mitigate the urban heat island effect for warm desert cities, although tradeoffs with other sustainability indicators must be considered.Corresponding Author:
Xiaoxiao Li
Arizona State University
[email protected]
Evaluation of the difference between two spatiotemporal random fields
Get PDFComparing the spatial characteristics of spatiotemporal random fields is often in demand in various fields of study. Especially in climatology, people are interested in learning the difference between the synthetic climate simulation model and climate field reconstructions (CFR) which are estimates of the past climate constructed based on the proxy data. The thesis focuses on testing the two spatiotemporal climate fields. First, as assessing the CFR skill is critical for improving their interpretation and ultimately for deriving better CFR estimates, we apply new methods for assessing spatiotemporal skill using formalized null hypotheses. The test provides a detailed assessment of why CFR skill varies across multiple methods, with implications for improving future CFR estimates. Also, it will be more informative, if we could point out where the difference is located by conducting the hypothesis at each location. However, comparing spatiotemporal random fields at each location requires adjusting the multiplicity due to multiple comparisons. We develop a new multiple testing approach to detect the local differences in the spatial characteristics of two spatiotemporal random fields by taking the spatial information into account. The developed procedure is robust to model misspecification and allows for weak dependency among hypotheses. Lastly, predicting the future climate extreme is critical as the consequences of the extreme temperature or precipitation include high mortality rate or impact on agriculture and infrastructure. However, to date, very little work has investigated the difference in the extreme value behavior between two climate fields. The last chapter introduces how we assess the spatial extreme difference of two spatial random fields. This developed procedure could be employed to assess whether the maximum precipitation of the climate simulation models captures real data’s extreme behavior.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2023-08-01The student, Sooin Yun, accepted the attached license on 2021-07-12 at 12:25.The student, Sooin Yun, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2021-07-12 at 12:33.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2021-07-13 at 11:02.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #16867 on 2022-01-12 at 12:54:36Made available in DSpace on 2022-01-12T22:35:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
YUN-DISSERTATION-2021.pdf: 11051124 bytes, checksum: 0dc49e00854e61031a7189f2baf1fe78 (MD5)
LICENSE.txt: 4206 bytes, checksum: 6bd23dea8e75c56c77b7c89dc74a474a (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2021-07-13Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 121102
Lift date: 2024-01-12T22:35:30Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemAuthor requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Onl
GO in the last level up-propagate along GO DAG.
No full text<p>(a) The bold GO terms all own at least λ genes. (b) The bold GO terms are in the level of GO DAG.</p
Development and validation of an improved method for determination of chloropropanols in paperboard food packaging by GC-MS
No full textPaper used for food packaging is often manufactured with wet strength resin additives to impart moisture resistance. Wet strength resins formulated with epichlorohydrin form undesirable chloropropanol type by-products including 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) and 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol(1,3-DCP). Chloropropanols are suspect carcinogens. These compounds were recently added to the California Proposition 65 list (known or suspect human carcinogens) which mandates labeling of products sold in the state of California, creating a dilemma for food packaging processors. Food packaging manufacturers are concerned with migration of chloropropanols from packaging into foods or beverages. Therefore, analytical methods for determination of chloropropanols in paperboard food packaging are of great importance. However, previously described methods are not developed for paperboard food packaging samples, or not for EU standard aqueous extraction study of paperboard samples. The objective of this research is to develop an improved analytical method for determination of 3-MCPD and 1,3-DCP in paper type food packaging. The refined method uses aqueous extraction, matrix-spiking of a deuterated surrogate internal standard (3-MCPD-d5), cleanup using Extrelut solid phase extraction, derivatization using silylation reagent, and GC-MS analyses of the chloropropanols as their corresponding trimethyl silyl ethers. The new method is applicable to paper type food packaging sample for EU standard aqueous extraction study and aqueous food stimulant migration test. Also, the method uses 10 times less sample size, solvents and reagents than previously described methods, reducing the cost and time for analysis. The derivatization procedure was also improved. The overall validation data suggest the method is precise and rugged. The limit of detection of aqueous extract is 0.010 ppm (w/w) for both 3-MCPD and 1,3-DCP. Analytical system precision is 3.36%RSD for 3-MCPD and 7.65%RSD for 1,3-DCP. The new method has been applied to the analysis of over 100 commercial paperboard packaging samples. The data is being used to guide development of next generation wet strength resins with reduced chloropropanols content, and also used for risk assessments to calculate VSD (virtual safe dose).M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesby Wan-yun Li
Paraxial schematic eye models for 7- and 14-year-old Chinese children
No full text<b>Purpose</b>\ud
\ud
- To develop three-surface paraxial schematic eyes with different ages and sexes based on data for 7- and 14-year-old Chinese children from the Anyang Childhood Eye Study.\ud
\ud
<b>Methods</b>\ud
\ud
- Six sets of paraxial schematic eyes, including 7-year-old eyes, 7-year-old male eyes, 7-year-old female eyes, 14-year-old eyes, 14-year-old male eyes, and 14-year-old female eyes, were developed. Both refraction-dependent and emmetropic eye models were developed, with the former using linear dependence of ocular parameters on refraction.\ud
\ud
<b>Results</b>\ud
\ud
- A total of 2059 grade 1 children (boys 58%) and 1536 grade 8 children (boys 49%) were included, with mean age of 7.1 ± 0.4 and 13.7 ± 0.5 years, respectively. Changes in these schematic eyes with aging are increased anterior chamber depth, decreased lens thickness, increased vitreous chamber depth, increased axial length, and decreased lens equivalent power. Male schematic eyes have deeper anterior chamber depth, longer vitreous chamber depth, longer axial length, and lower lens equivalent power than female schematic eyes. Changes in the schematic eyes with positive increase in refraction are decreased anterior chamber depth, increased lens thickness, decreased vitreous chamber depth, decreased axial length, increased corneal radius of curvature, and increased lens power. In general, the emmetropic schematic eyes have biometric parameters similar to those arising from regression fits for the refraction-dependent schematic eyes.\ud
\ud
<b>Conclusions</b>\ud
\ud
- The paraxial schematic eyes of Chinese children may be useful for myopia research and for facilitating comparison with other children with the same or different racial backgrounds and living in different places
(A) study on the Wen-Ting-Yun-Ci
No full text本橋는 溫庭筠詞에 대한 전반적인 이해를 그 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 그의 生涯를 再構하는 한편, 작품을 크게 내용적인 측면과 형식적인 측면으로 나누어 살펴보며, 이러한 溫詞가 후세에 끼친 영향이 어떠한 것이었는지를 살펴보려 한다.
溫庭筠은 812年頃에 태어나 方城尉, 國子監助敎 등과 같은 微官末職에서 벼슬살이를 하였고, 870年頃(60歲 前後)에 세상을 떠난 것으로 파악된다. 특히 그는 과거에 실패한 후(24-5歲頃), 江南에 떠돌면서 불우하게 지냈던 것으로 보인다. 또한 그가 살았던 中·晩唐 時期는 정치적으로는 藩鎭의 跋扈, 이관의 횡포, 黨爭, 外族의 猖獗 등 불안정한 상황이었지만, 경제적으로는 도시경제를 발달시킬 정도로 生産力이 발달하였으며, 이는 富貴華靡한 문화적 풍토의 경제적 토대가 된다. 이는 溫庭筠의 詞創作을 규정하는 一次的 條件이다.
그의 詞作品은 현재 《花間集》에 실려있는 66首의 작품이 가장 신빙성이 있는 것으로 보여지며, 이를 기본자료로 하여 題材에 따라 閨情詞, 別離詞, 詠物詞(柳) 등으로 나누어 살펴보았다. 閨情詞에서는, 作中 主人公의 신분·처지와는 상관없이 閨情의 怨思라는 일관된 내용을 가지면서, 외롭고 쓸쓸한 여인의 意象을 창출하였고, 別離詞에서는 이별의 슬픔을 못내 겨워하는 心事에 대한 섬세한 묘사가 이뤄지고 있었으며, 詠物詞(柳)에서는 버들가지와 같은 容觀物象을 통하여 구체적으로 객관화시켜내고 있었다. 이러한 내용적 특성은 바로 寄託說과 연결되는데, 즉 溫庭筠은 여인의 姿態와 怨情을 매개고리로 하여 개인의 감정과 섬세한 心事의 묘사를 진행하였고, 그것을 통해 人間內面의 문제를 客觀化시켜내었던 것이다.
또한 그는 15개의 詞調를 創製하였는데, 이는 單調에서 雙調로, 整齋된 句法에서 長短不齋한 句法으로, 宇數가 적은 것에서 많은 것으로 변화 발전한 것이다. 詞語의 活用에서는 物語, 景語, 情語 등의 적절한 활용으로 직접적으로 말하기 어려운 心事를, 느낄 수 있는 優美한 形象으로 塑造내었고, 聲律에서는 平仄 및 用韻의 運用을 통하여, 그리고 意象은 함축적인 의미를 담아 활용하여 섬세한 心事의 묘사를 완곡하고 간접적으로 담아내었던 것이다.
그로 인해 溫庭筠은 中國文學史上 처음으로 塡詞에 뜻을 둔 專門詞人이자 중국문학사상 처음으로 詞集을 남긴 詞家이며, 그리고 句調, 修辭, 意境, 風格上에 있어서 詩와는 절대적으로 다른 詞만의 藝術特徵을 형성하였다는 점에서 나름대로의 지위를 확보하였으며, 艶詞의 先河를 열고, 婉約派의 風格을 닦음으로 인해 후세에 영향을 끼쳤던 것이다.
以上의 論議를 통해 溫庭筠詞에 대한 전반적인 이해가 마련되었다고 보기에는 아직도 한계가 있다. 溫庭筠의 개인적 처지 및 당시 역사적 조건과 작품간의 유기적인 분석을 통해 보다 총체적인 溫庭筠詞의 면모가 밝혀져야 할 것이다.;This article intend to entirely understand of Wen-Ting-Yun-Ci (溫庭筠詞). In order to understand this theme, I was recomposed of his own life and classified matter and form of his 詞. The last of this article, I described that what is the effet to Wen-Ting-Yun-Ci (溫庭筠詞).
This article is composed of six chapters.
Chaper 1 : Introduction.
Chaper 2 : His Life and the background of Wen-Ting-Yun-Ci (溫庭筠詞).
Wen-Ting-Yun (溫庭筠) was born in 1812. He was in government such as Fssang-cheng-wei (方城尉), Guo-zi-jiam-zhu-jiao (國子監助敎). Especially, He seemed that he was live unhappily go around Jiang-nan (江南), after he was hail to pass the exam for government service.
Wen-Ting-Yun-Ci (溫庭筠詞) was written in accordance with his contempdrary social circumstances in which his own life was situated. In this article divided into political, economic and cultural--at that time situation.
Chapter 3 : The matter and Ji-tuo (寄託) of the Wen-Ting-Yun-Ci (溫庭筠詞).
The 『Hua-Jian-Ji (花間集)』 which was recorded 66 articles seems to authenticity. So this article classified 『Gui-gian-ci (閨情詞)』, 『Bie-li-ci (別離詞)』, 『Yong-wu-ci (詠物詞)』 according to factor of the Wen-Ting-Yun-Ci (溫庭筠詞). 『Gui-gian-ji (閨情詞)』 described the ‘The regettable mind(怨思) of lonely woman(閨情)’ in the image of lonely woman, 「Bie-li-ci (別離詞)」 described the feeling of uneasiness caused by seperating, 「Yong-wu-ci (詠物詞)」 described the feeling in the concrete figure of nature. And then this matter has been related to the Ji-tuo (寄託), that is Wen-Ting-Yun (溫庭筠)’ideas have been depended upon the figure and feeling of lonely woman, so have a concrete shape.
Chapter 4 : Creation of Ci-diao (詞調) and artistic character.
In order to express his idea, he created new ci-diao (詞調). This is the result of his musical ability. And this article manage the artistic characters, in the direction of diction (詞語), rhythm (聲律), image (意象).
Chapter 5 : Wen-Ting-Yun-Ci (溫庭筠詞)&apos; position in the history of literature and effect on the next generation.
Wen-Ting-Yun (溫庭筠), through his Ci (詞), influence on Wan-yue-ci-pai (婉約詞派). So style of 詞, through his Ci (詞), took up the literature style of a literary man (士大夫). And Wen-Ting-Yun-Ci (溫庭筠詞) opened the style of Wan-yue-ci-pai (婉約詞派).
Chapter 6 : Conclusion.
It is enough for Wen-Ting-Yun-Ci (溫庭筠詞) to be considered as a begining of Wen-ren-ci (文人詞), in the aspect of form and matter.第一章. 序論 = 1
第二章. 溫庭筠의 生涯와 詞作背景 = 5
第一節. 溫庭筠의 生涯 = 5
第二節. 詞作背景 = 21
第三章. &apos;溫庭筠詞의 內容과 寄託 = 27
第一節. 作品槪況 = 27
第二節. 溫庭筠詞의 內容 = 29
(1) 閨情詞 = 31
(2) 別離詞 = 48
(3) 詠物詞(柳) = 58
第三節. 溫庭筠詞의 寄託 = 63
(1) 寄託의 含意 및 詞作上 意義 = 63
(2) 溫庭筠詞와 寄託 = 72
第四章. 詞調의 創製와 藝術的 特性 = 85
第一節. 새로운 詞調의 創製 = 85
(1) 溫庭筠 以前의 詞調 = 86
(2) 溫庭筠이 創製한 詞調 = 90
(3) 詞調創製의 意義 = 95
第二節. 溫庭筠詞외 藝術的 特性 = 100
(1) 詞語의 活用 = 100
(2) 聾律의 運用 = 106
(3) 意象의 表現 = 112
第五章. 溫庭筠詞의 地位와 影響 = 118
第六章. 結論 = 128
≪參考文獻≫ = 133
＜ABSTRACT＞ = 13
- …
