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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Expression and prognostic significance of TROP2, FOLR1 and HER2 in ovarian cancer
No full textCirca 3% aller malignen Neoplasien der Frau sind in den Ovarien lokalisiert. Histologisch handelt es sich meist um Ovarialkarzinome, die unter den gynäko-logischen Tumoren die höchste Letalität besitzen und zu den aggressivsten malignen Neoplasien überhaupt gehören. Trotz beachtlicher therapeutischer Fortschritte in den letzten Jahren, fehlen insbesondere für rezidivierte, platinresistente Ovarialkarzinome effektive Behandlungsstrategien. Zunehmend kommen hier Medikamente zum Einsatz, die gegen spezifische Tumorantigene (z.B. HER2, TROP2 und FOLR1) gerichtet sind. Vor diesem klinischen Hintergrund befasst sich diese Arbeit mit der Expression der drei genannten Proteine in Ovarialkarzinomen. Hierbei soll mithilfe immunhistochemischer Färbungen geklärt werden, wie die Expression von HER2, TROP2 und FOLR1 innerhalb der Gesamtkohorte und in Subgruppen verteilt ist, ob signifikante Korrelationen zwischen Subgruppen und Proteinexpression bestehen und inwiefern die Marker prognostische Aussagekraft besitzen. Darüber hinaus soll das Verhältnis zwischen HRD-/ BRCA-Status und der Expression von TROP2 und FOLR1 geprüft werden.
Die untersuchte Kohorte aus 227 Patientinnen bestand überwiegend aus serösen high-grade Karzinomen (82%) in fortgeschrittenem Stadium (64% FIGO III/ IV). TROP2 zeigte bei 84% der Tumore eine positive Färbereaktion und wurde im Vergleich zu anderen histologischen Subtypen signifikant häufiger von HGSC exprimiert (p=0,015). 35% der Tumore exprimierten FOLR1. Auch hier konnte eine signifikante Häufung FOLR1-positiver Karzinome unter den HGSC beobachtet werden (p=0,003) und ein positiver Status korrelierte mit dem pT3-Stadium (p=0,026). Nach der PS2+ -Scoringmethode erfüllten jedoch nur 14% (low) bzw. 11% (medium) und 4% (high) die Positivkriterien. Eine positive Korrelation konnte zudem zwischen FOLR1- und TROP2-Positivität nachgewiesen werden, wenngleich die Effektstärke hier sehr schwach ausgeprägt war (r=0,174). Folgende Ergebnisse zeigten sich bei der Auswertung von HER2: 3% SIS3+, 1% SIS2+, 5% SIS1+, 3% ultralow, 88% keine spezifische Färbereaktion. Korrelationen mit Subgruppen bzw. TROP2 oder FOLR1 konnten nicht nachgewiesen werden. In den univariaten Überlebensanalysen zeigten TROP2-positive high-grade Karzinome (HR=0,605, p=0,019) und non-HGSC (HR=0,318, p=0,012) bessere Überlebensraten. Die Expression von FOLR1 erbrachte unabhängig von den verwendeten Cutoffs keine statistisch signifikanten Unterschiede bezüglich des Overall Survivals. HER2-exprimierende HGSC und die Gruppe der high-grade Karzinome (HGC) zeigten ein schlechteres Gesamtüberleben gegenüber den HER2-negativen Tumoren, sowohl unter Verwendung des Cutoffs ≥ultralow (HGSC: HR=1,76, p=0,022; HGC: HR=1,87, p=0,008), als auch ≥1+ (HGSC: HR=1,87, p=0,02; HGC: HR=1,99, p=0,008). Darüber hinaus erwies sich TROP2 bei den non-HGSC und HER2 bei den HGSC (Cutoff ≥ultralow) auch unter Berücksichtigung anderer relevanter Prognosefaktoren (pN, pT und R-Status) als positiver (TROP2: HR=0,112, p=0,022) bzw. negativer (HER2: HR= 1,98, p=0,028) prognostische Parameter. Ein Zusammenhang zwischen der Expression von TROP2 bzw. FOLR1 und HRD-/ BRCA-Status konnte nicht nachgewiesen werden.
Aus epidemiologischer Perspektive (Alter und Stadium bei Erstdiagnose, Verteilung und Prognose histologischer Subtypen) stimmen die Ergebnisse dieser Studie weitgehend mit den für das Ovarialkarzinom publizierten Daten überein. Weiterhin konnte die prognostische Relevanz etablierter Parameter (pT, pN, R, FIGO) bestätigt werden. Die Expression von TROP2, FOLR1 und HER2 wurde auf Proteinebene bereits in mehreren Arbeiten nachgewiesen. Der prozentuale Anteil FOLR1- und HER2-positiver Karzinome lag in unsere Kohorte jedoch im unteren Bereich der publizierten Ergebnisse. Eine TROP2-Expression war in der vorliegenden Arbeit im Gegensatz zu vergleichbaren Publikationen mit besseren Überlebensraten assoziiert. Für FOLR1 hingegen konnte in Konkordanz mit der Literatur kein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen Expression und Gesamtüberleben festgestellt werden. Die negative prognostische Aussagekraft von HER2 aus dieser Studie deckt sich ebenfalls mit zahlreichen Publikationen zu diesem Thema. Untersuchungen zu einem möglichen Zusammenhang zwischen TROP2 bzw. FOLR1-Expression und dem HRD- respektive BRCA- Status sind derzeit noch nicht publiziert. Limitierende Faktoren der vorliegenden Arbeit sind die retrospektive Zusammenstellung der Kohorte sowie ein heterogenes Therapieregime bei der Tumorbehandlung, die Verwendung unterschiedlicher Antikörper und Cutoffs zur Kategorisierung und die Zusammensetzung der Kohorte, die den Vergleich mit anderen Studien beeinträchtigen.
Abgesehen von der prognostischen Wertigkeit und tumorbiologischen Eigenschaften der Biomarker, erscheint deren Expression in Karzinomen aus therapeutischer Sicht weitaus wichtiger, da sie Zielstrukturen moderner onkologischer Behandlungs-methoden darstellen. Für Ovarialkarzinome ist z.B. unter der Voraussetzung einer immunhistochemisch nachgewiesenen Expression das gegen FOLR1 gerichtete Antikörper-Wirkstoffkonjugat Mirvetuximab-Soravtansine bereits zugelassen. Weitere ADC gegen TROP2 (z.B. Sacituzumab govitecan) und HER2 (z.B. Trastuzumab-Deruxtecan) befinden sich in der klinischen Prüfung.Approximately 3% of all malignant neoplasms in women are localised in the ovaries. Histologically, these are mostly ovarian carcinomas, which have the highest mortality rate of all gynaecological tumours and are among the most aggressive malignant neoplasms of all. Despite considerable therapeutic progress in the last years, there is a lack of effective treatment strategies, particularly for recurrent, platinum-resistant ovarian carcinomas. Drugs directed against specific tumour antigens (e.g. HER2, TROP2 and FOLR1) are increasingly being used. Against this clinical background, this thesis deals is about the expression of the three proteins mentioned in ovarian carcinomas. Immunohistochemical staining will be used to clarify how the expression of HER2, TROP2 and FOLR1 is distributed within the overall cohort and in subgroups. Furthermore, it is to be evaluated if there are significant correlations between subgroups and protein expression and to what extent the markers have prognostic significance. In addition, the relationship between HRD/BRCA status and the expression of TROP2 and FOLR1 will be analysed.
The analysed cohort of 227 patients consisted predominantly of serous high-grade carcinomas (82%) in advanced stage (64% FIGO III/ IV). TROP2 showed a positive staining reaction in 84% of the tumours and was significantly more frequently expressed by HGSC compared to other histological subtypes (p=0.015). 35% of all tumours expressed FOLR1 and again, a significant accumulation of FOLR1-positive carcinomas was observed among HGSC (p=0.003) and a positive status correlated with pT3 stage (p=0.026). According to the PS2+ scoring method, however, only 14% (low), 11% (medium) and 4% (high) fulfilled the positive criteria. A positive correlation was also found between FOLR1 and TROP2 positivity, although the effect size here was very weak (r=0.174). The following results were obtained in the evaluation of HER2: 3% SIS3+, 1% SIS2+, 5% SIS1+, 3% ultralow, 88% no specific staining pattern. Correlations with subgroups, TROP2 or FOLR1 could not be detected. In univariate survival analyses, TROP2-positive high-grade carcinomas (HR=0.605, p=0.019) and non-HGSC (HR=0.318, p=0.012) showed better survival rates. The expression of FOLR1 did not result in statistically significant differences in overall survival, regardless of the cut-offs used. HER2-expressing HGSC and the group of high-grade carcinomas showed poorer overall survival compared to HER2-negative tumours, both using the cut-off ≥ultralow (HGSC: HR=1.76, p=0.022; HGC: HR=1.87, p=0.008) and ≥1+ (HGSC: HR=1.87, p=0.02; HGC: HR=1.99, p=0.008). In addition, TROP2 in non-HGSC and HER2 in HGSC (cut-off ≥ultralow) proved to be a positive (TROP2: HR=0.112, p=0.022) or negative (HER2: HR=1.98, p=0.028) prognostic parameter, even when other relevant prognostic factors (pN, pT and R status) were taken into account. A correlation between the expression of TROP2 or FOLR1 and HRD/BRCA status could not be proven.
From an epidemiological perspective (age and stage at first diagnosis, distribution and prognosis of histological subtypes), the results of this study are largely consistent with the data published for ovarian cancer. Furthermore, the prognostic relevance of established parameters (pT, pN, R, FIGO) was confirmed. The expression of TROP2, FOLR1 and HER2 has already been demonstrated at protein level in several studies. However, the percentage of FOLR1- and HER2-positive carcinomas in our cohort was in the lower range of published results. In contrast to comparable publications, TROP2 expression was associated with better survival rates in the present study. In line with other published data, FOLR1, on the other hand, showed no significant correlation between expression and overall survival. The negative prognostic significance of HER2 from this study is also consistent with numerous publications on this topic. Studies regarding the correlation between TROP2 or FOLR1 expression and HRD or BRCA status have not yet been published. Limiting factors of the present study are the retrospective composition of the cohort as well as a heterogeneous regimen for tumour treatment, the use of different antibodies and cut-offs for categorisation and the composition of the cohort itself, which impair the comparability with other authors.
Apart from the prognostic value and tumour-biological properties of the biomarkers, their expression in carcinomas appears to be far more important from a therapeutic point of view, as they represent target structures of modern oncological treatment methods. For example, the antibody-drug conjugate mirvetuximab-soravtansine directed against FOLR1 has already been approved for ovarian carcinomas, provided that immunohistochemical expression has been proven. Other ADCs against TROP2 (e.g. sacituzumab govitecan) and HER2 (e.g. trastuzumab deruxtecan) are currently undergoing clinical trials
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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