1,720,956 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Produktion und Analyse synthetischer Cascade-Varianten
No full textCRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas (CRISPR associated) is an
adaptive immune system of Archaea and Bacteria. It is able to target and destroy foreign genetic
material with ribonucleoprotein complexes consisting of CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) and certain Cas proteins.
CRISPR-Cas systems are classified in two major classes and multiple types, according to the involved Cas
proteins. In type I systems, a ribonucleoprotein complex called Cascade (CRISPR associated complex for
antiviral defence) scans for invading viral DNA during a recurring infection and binds the sequence
complementary to the incorporated crRNA. After target recognition, the nuclease/helicase Cas3 is
recruited and subsequently destroys the viral DNA in a step termed interfere nce.
Multiple subtypes of type I exist that show differences in the Cascade composition. This work focuses on
a minimal Cascade variant found in Shewanella putrefaciens CN-32. In comparison to the well-studied
type I-E Cascade from Escherichia coli, this complex is missing two proteins usually required for target
recognition, yet it is still able to provide immunity. Recombinant I-Fv Cascade was previously purified
from E. coli and it was possible to modulate the complex by extending or shortening the backbone,
resulting in synthetic variants with altered protein stoichiometry.
In the present study, I-Fv Cascade was further analyzed by in vitro methods. Target binding was
observed and the 3D structure revealed structural variations that replace the missing subunits,
potentially to evade viral anti-CRISPR proteins. The nuclease/helicase of this system, Cas2/3fv, is a fusion
of the Cas3 protein with the interference-unrelated protein Cas2. A standalone Cas3fv was purified
without the Cas2 domain and in vitro cleavage assays showed that Cas3fv degrades both free ssDNA as
well as Cascade-bound substrates. The complete Cas2/3fv protein forms a complex with the protein
Cas1 and was shown to reduce cleave of free ssDNA, potentially as a regulatory mechanism against
unspecific cleavage.
Furthermore, we established a process termed “RNA wrapping”. Synthetic Cascade assemblies can be
created by directing the general RNA-binding ability of the characteristic Cas7fv backbone protein on an
RNA of choice such as reporter gene transcripts. Specific complex formation can be initiated in vivo by
including a repeat sequence from the crRNA upstream a given target sequence and binding of the
Cas5fv protein. The created complexes contain the initial 100 nt of the tagged RNA which can be
isolated afterwards. While incorporated in complexes, RNA is stabilized and protected from degradation
by RNases. Complex formation can be used to silence reporter gene transcripts. Furthermore, we
provided initial indications that the backbone of synthetic complexes can be modified by addition of
reporter proteins.CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas (CRISPR assoziiert) ist ein
adaptives Immunsystem in Archaeen und Bakterien, das fremdes genetisches Material mit Hilfe von
Ribonukleoprotein-Komplexen erkennt und zerstört. Diese Komplexe bestehen aus einer CRISPR RNA
(crRNA) und Cas Proteinen. CRISPR-Cas Systeme sind in zwei Hauptklassen und mehrere Typen
unterteilt, abhängig von den beteiligten Cas Proteinen. In Typ I Systemen sucht ein Komplex namens
Cascade (CRISPR associated complex for antiviral defence) nach eingedrungener viraler DNA während
einer Folgeinfektion und bindet die zu der eingebauten crRNA komplementäre Sequenz. Anschließend
wird die Nuklease/Helikase Cas3 rekrutiert, welche die virale DNA degradiert (Interferenz).
Das Typ I System wird in mehrere Subtypen unterteilt, die Unterschiede im Aufbau von Cascade
vorweisen. Im Fokus dieser Arbeit steht eine minimale Cascade-Variante aus Shewanella putrefaciens
CN-32. Im Vergleich zur gut untersuchten Typ I-E Cascade aus Escherichia coli fehlen in diesem Komplex
zwei Untereinheiten, die gewöhnlicher Weise für die Zielerkennung benötigt werden. Dennoch ist der
Komplex aktiv. Rekombinante I-Fv Cascade wurde bereits aus E. coli aufgereinigt und es war möglich,
den Komplex zu modifizieren, indem das Rückgrat entweder verlängert oder verkürzt wurde. Dadurch
wurden synthetische Varianten mit veränderter Protein-Stöchiometrie erzeugt.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde I-Fv Cascade weiter mit in vitro Methoden untersucht. So wurde die
Bindung von Ziel-DNA beobachtet und die 3D Struktur zeigt, dass strukturelle Veränderungen im
Komplex die fehlenden Untereinheiten ersetzen, möglicherweise um viralen Anti-CRISPR Proteinen zu
entgehen. Die Nuklease/Helikase dieses Systems, Cas2/3fv, ist eine Fusion des Cas3 Proteins mit dem
Interferenz-unabhängigen Protein Cas2. Ein unabhängiges Cas3fv ohne Cas2 Untereinheit wurde
aufgereinigt und in vitro Assays zeigten, dass dieses Protein sowohl freie ssDNA als auch Cascadegebundene Substrate degradiert. Das komplette Cas2/3fv Protein bildet einen Komplex mit dem Protein
Cas1 und zeigt eine reduzierte Aktivität gegenüber freier ssDNA, möglicherweise als
Regulationsmechanismus zur Vermeidung von unspezifischer Aktivität.
Weiterhin wurde ein Prozess namens „RNA wrapping“ etabliert. Synthetische Cascade-Komplexe
wurden erzeugt, in denen die grundlegende RNA-Bindung des charakteristischen Cas7fv RückgratProteins auf eine ausgewählte RNA gelenkt wird. Diese spezifische Komplexbildung kann in vivo durch
eine Repeat-Sequenz der crRNA stromaufwärts der Zielsequenz und durch Bindung des Cas5fv Proteins
initiiert werden. Die erzeugten Komplexe beinhalten die ersten 100 nt der markierten RNA, die
anschließend isoliert werden kann. Innerhalb der Komplexe ist die RNA stabilisiert und geschützt vor
Degradation durch RNasen. Komplexbildung kann außerdem genutzt werden, um ReportergenTranskripte stillzulegen. Zusätzlich wurden erste Hinweise geliefert, dass das Rückgrat der synthetischen
Komplexe durch Fusion mit weiteren Reporterproteinen modifiziert werden kann
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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