1,720,958 research outputs found
The Indestructible Woman In The Works Of Faulkner, Hemingway, And Steinbeck.
No full textAmerican male novelists, according to the critical commonplace, have difficulty creating fully human females. Critics indict Faulkner, Hemingway, and Steinbeck as prime examples of this deficiency. Though their works represent distinct styles, focuses, and subject matters, these three writers do have some striking similarities beyond their alleged inability to allow full humanity to their female characters. They all express a pervasive disillusionment with contemporary society and project generally pessimistic world images. However, each author has certain optimistic undertones: mankind’s ability to endure is one of them. A recurrent manifestation of this theme ls the indestructible woman.
The indestructible woman, a figure present in the works of all three men, functions positively as a symbol of hope for the future. She is, in part, a product of the primitivism and the naturalism present in Faulkner, Hemingway, and Steinbeck. But, more importantly, she illustrates their inability to come to terms with the Otherness of woman. The reaction to this Otherness results in highly ambivalent characterizations which are a mixture of attraction and repulsion.
The female characterizations of each author are studied separately. While the differences among the authors dictate a somewhat different methodology for studying each, the general thrust is to examine the mythic framework within which each artist operates.
Faulkner\u27 s characterizations of women are a result of the integration of regional and universal myths. His indestructible women are manifested in three patterns: earth goddess, Demeter-Persephone, indomitable crone. Hemingway \u27 s indestructible women are likewise mythic, corn goddesses and bitch goddesses; they reflect the mother figures in his life who became progressively less threatening. The indestructible women in Steinbeck \u27 s works are the nurturing and sustaining cells of the group animal which is Steinbeck\u27s biological conception of the human species. In all three authors the female \u27 s endurance suggests a positive force for human survival.
It is true that these authors seldom present really believable female characters. Many critics, however, give this deficiency undue significance. For, in fact, the mythic nature of their works makes unrealistic characterizations predictable and even pardonable
Mr. Novelist Goes to War: Hemingway and Steinbeck as Front-line Correspondents
No full textDiscusses the authors’ contributions as World War II reporters, comparing their personal experiences and reporting style. Argues that while Hemingway focused on the larger imagery of war, Steinbeck focused on the psychological state of the men. Concludes that Hemingway made himself the protagonist of his writing, while the more private Steinbeck turned the spotlight on others
Hemingway, Faulkner, and Hawks: The Nexus of Creativity that Generated the Film \u3cem\u3eTo Have and Have Not\u3c/em\u3e
No full textCommentary on Howard Hawks’s film adaptation of To Have and Have Not (1944). Details alterations made to the novel to fit the big screen, adding to the collaborative nature of the final product. Argues that the film is an acceptable adaptation because much of Hemingway’s theme, characterization, and narrative style is preserved
Beauvoir and Rand: Asphyxiating People, Having Sex, and Pursuing a Career
Get PDFIn an attempt to start rectifying a lamentable disparity in scholarship, we evince fruitful points of similarity and difference in the ideas of Simone de Beauvoir and Ayn Rand, paying particular attention to their views on long-term projects. Endorsing what might be called an “Ethic of Resolve,” Rand praises those who undertake sustained goal-directed actions such as careers. Beauvoir, however, endorses an “Ethic of Ambiguity” that makes her more skeptical about the prospects of carrying out lifelong projects without deluding oneself. Our study teases apart the strengths and drawbacks of these views
Beauvoir and Rand: Asphyxiating People, Having Sex, and Pursuing a Career
No full textIn an attempt to start rectifying a lamentable disparity in scholarship, we evince fruitful points of similarity and difference in the ideas of Simone de Beauvoir and Ayn Rand, paying particular attention to their views on long-term projects. Endorsing what might be called an “Ethic of Resolve,” Rand praises those who undertake sustained goal-directed actions such as careers. Beauvoir, however, endorses an “Ethic of Ambiguity” that makes her more skeptical about the prospects of carrying out lifelong projects without deluding oneself. Our study teases apart the strengths and drawbacks of these views
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
- …
