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A comparison of growth and timing of outward autumn migration between a lake run and a sea run brown trout (Salmo trutta) population.
Get PDFI denne studien er det undersøkt vekst- og migrasjonsmønster hos brunørret (Salmo trutta). Disse ble merket og sporet ved hjelp av akustisk telemetri i to norske elver, lokalisert på like breddegrader: én sjøvandrende bestand som migrerte til en marin fjord (total kroppslengde: 310 – 650 mm), og én innsjøvandrende bestand som migrerte til en ferskvannsinnsjø (total kroppslengde: 300 – 630 mm). Hypotesene som ble testet var: (1) De to første årene etter første migrasjon, var den årlige vekstraten høyere hos den sjøvandrende sammenlignet med den innsjøvandrende brunørretbestanden, og (2) Det var ingen forskjell i tidspunkt for utvandring fra elva mellom den sjøvandrende og innsjøvandrende brunørretbestanden. Resultatene indikerte at i løpet av det første året etter utvandring hadde den innsjøvandrende bestanden en signifikant høyere estimert vekstrate enn den sjøvandrende bestanden; en forskjell som ikke ble observert det andre året etter utvandring. Den innsjøvandrende ørreten hadde en større total kroppslengde ved første migrasjon, selv om den ikke var signifikant, noe som potensielt muliggjorde en tidligere overgang til fiskespising, og videre kunne bidratt til den høyere veksten det første året i innsjøen. Predasjonstrykk og osmotiske utfordringer kan i tillegg ha begrenset veksten til den sjøvandrende bestanden det første året etter migrasjon. Videre kunne tilvekst i begge populasjoner første år etter migrasjon ha ført til flere fiskespisere, som igjen kunne ført til en likere vekst mellom populasjonene det andre året etter migrasjon. Studien viser at den innsjøvandrende bestanden migrerte senere i sesongen enn den sjøvandrende bestanden. Dette kan muligens være på grunn av en lengre periode uten nedbør, etterfulgt av en periode med mye nedbør, som igjen medførte en generell migrasjonsrespons hos den innsjøvandrende brunørreten. Hos begge populasjonene skjedde utvandringen gjennom hele dagen, uavhengig av lysfase. Det antyder at faktorer som vannføring og predasjonstrykk spiller en avgjørende rolle for utvandringstidpunktet om høsten.This study investigated the growth and autumn migration patterns of brown trout (Salmo trutta) tagged and tracked by acoustic telemetry in two Norwegian rivers located at similar latitudes: one sea run population migrating to a marine fjord (total body length: 310 – 650 mm) and one lake run population migrating to a freshwater lake (total body length: 300 – 630 mm). The hypotheses tested were: (1) The two first years after first migration, the annual growth rates were higher in the population of sea run than lake run brown trout, (2) There was no difference in the timing of riverine exit between the sea run and lake run brown trout populations. Results indicated that during the first year after migration, the lake run population had a significantly higher estimated growth rate than the sea run population, a difference that was not observed the second year after migration. The lake run trout had a larger total body length at the time of first migration, though not significantly, potentially enabling earlier shift to piscivory diets, contributing to the higher growth the first year in the lake. Conversely, predation pressure and osmotic challenges likely constrained the growth of the sea run population the first year after migration to sea. Furthermore, the growth in both brown trout populations first year after migration, could have led to a higher number of piscivory fish, potentially leading to a more similar growth between the two populations second year after migration. The research also showed that the lake run population migrated later in the season than the sea run population, possibly due to a longer period with no precipitation, followed by a larger rainfall, triggering a general migratory response in the lake run brown trout. In both populations, outward migration occurred throughout the day, independent of light phases, suggesting that factors such as water discharge and predator pressure play a crucial role in influencing the timing of outward migration in autumn
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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