79 research outputs found
DIY urbanism as a tool of urban regeneration. Two cases in comparison
No full textA process of urban regeneration should be able to produce social and spatial contextual effects. In order to achieve long-term results, it has to guarantee social inclusion. New rising ways of transformation of public space, consisting in the urban co-design, are defining new tools able to trigger processes of regeneration so called “community-led”. One of the approaches used by different groups of architects to trigger regeneration processes of so-called “in need areas” is the activation of the community through urban laboratories of social innovation for the realization of temporary transformations of space. This article explores the analysis of DIY (Do It Yourself) Urbanism tools of co-planning and co-construction as motors of innovation, activation and social inclusion, investigating their role in urban regeneration. Questions are being asked about the new skills of the architect involved in these procedures and about possible tools useful to the institutions to act in these operative fields. The purpose is to analyze some practices, hypothesizing their replicability and applicability to different scales, in order to generate virtuous mechanisms. Two experiences of co-design and co-construction, located in two different geographic, social and political contexts, will be shown: the construction of the Casa de la lluvia (de ideas), in Bogotà(Colombia), and the regeneration of Piazza Gasparotto, in Padua (Italy). Despite the peculiarities of context, we want to illustrate the strategies implemented in the cases exposed, in order to identify shared features and differences due to the degrees of freedom that the participation tools must have, to be flexible and repeatable
CULTURAL HERITAGE AS A DRIVER FOR URBAN REGENERATION: COMPARING TWO PROCESSES
No full textThis paper is focused on international research-action activities conducted by a team from University of Bologna and on a methodological approach applied to the city, understood as heritage and common good. The premise establishes the Cultural Heritage (CH) as the main field of research-action not intended as a static presence in the city, but as the best result, constantly updated, of the actions of transformation of the city. The cultural model is based on a continuous effort to recognize the city and its transformations as heritage, combining conservation and innovation in a seamless stream and permanently involving not only heritage specialists but also all actors which are involved in urban transformation, with varying degrees of responsibility and awareness. Two cities are considered as references and compared with each other to study and test this approach: Bogotá and Bologna with, respectively, two important historical areas, Carrera Séptima and Zamboni district. The focus is on the role that the cultural heritage, material and immaterial, plays in the current urban landscape and on its potential to be a driver for regeneration in the degraded urban fabric. Both areas have been crucial to the urban development and to the expression of social needs by the population, becoming a symbol of collective identity for better or worse. Since the first half of the last century Bogotá has started an exponential urban growth process triggering wearing dynamics that have compromised the urban architectural heritage preservation of the city and led to progressive historical city center deterioration. Bologna district, on the other hand, hosts the oldest university in the western part of the world and such a strong function in the compact city centre reality caused coexistence and social problems and integration needs among the different users. Through a comparative methodology the two historical realities are studied, one as a typical European city and the other one as a Latin American megalopolis. In this light, the term “street” is not limited to the description of the physical space but is associated with the whole system of connections and influences that they exert on their own area
Arrhythmogenic right-ventricular cardiomyopathy: Molecular genetics into clinical practice in the era of next generation sequencing
No full textSudden death, ventricular arrhythmia and heart failure are common features in arrhythmogenic right-ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), an inheritable heart muscle disease, characterized by clinical and genetic heterogeneity. So far, 13 disease genes have been identified, responsible for around 60% of all ARVC cases. In this review, we summarize the main clinical and pathological aspects of ARVC, focusing on the importance of the genetic testing and the application of the new sequencing techniques referred to next generation sequencing technology
A influência da geometria do implante na perda óssea peri-implantar: um estudo de corte transversal em humanos
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Florianópolis, 2015.Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a influência da geometria do implante na perda óssea peri-implantar. Materiais e métodos: Pacientes tratados com implantes de titânio Implacil De Bortoli (São Paulo, Brasil) na Fundação para o Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico da Odontologia (FUNDECTO), da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), no período de 1998 a 2012 foram chamados para consulta de manutenção. Entre Abril a Novembro de 2013, foram examinados 183 pacientes reabilitados com 916 implantes em função por pelo menos um ano. A variável perda óssea marginal foi avaliada segundo o fator: tipo de implante (forma cilíndrica ou cônica e conexão hexagonal interna ou externa). Resultados: O teste t para médias de amostras independentes com variâncias desconhecidas mostrou perda óssea significante maior para os implantes cilíndricos quando se considera como ponto de referência coronal para aferir a perda óssea o topo do implante. Mas, quando se utiliza a base do colar liso como ponto de referência coronal para aferição, a situação se inverte e os implantes de forma cônica apresentam perda óssea significativamente maior. Conclusões: Todos os grupos de implantes estudados apresentaram baixos valores de perda óssea peri-implantar. A geometria do implante e o comprimento do colar liso têm significativa influência na perda óssea peri-implantar. Implantes cônicos, com micro espiras cervicais e menor comprimento de colar liso, mostraram menor perda óssea marginal.Abstract : Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of implant geometry in peri-implant bone loss. Materials and methods: From April to November 2013, there were examined 183 patients treated with osseointegrated implants (Implacil De Bortoli, Sao Paulo, Brazil) performed at FUNDECTO (University of Sao Paulo - USP) from 1998 to 2012, rehabilitated with 916 implants in function for 1 year at least. The variable marginal bone loss was assessed according to the factor type of implant (cylindrical or conical shape and internal or external hexagonal connection). Results: The t test for means of independent samples with unknown variance showed significant greater bone loss for cylindrical implants when considering the top of the implant as coronal reference point to measure bone loss the. But, when the base of smooth neck was used as a coronal reference point for measuring the conical implants have significantly higher bone loss. Conclusions: All studied implant groups had low peri-implant bone loss values. The implant geometry and the smooth neck length significantly influence peri-implant bone loss. Tapered implants with shorter smooth neck length and cervical micro threads had lower marginal bone loss
Life-Saving Procedures Performed While Wearing CBRNe Personal Protective Equipment
No full textINTRODUCTION: Chemical-biological-radiological-nuclear-explosive (CBRNe) are complex events. Decontamination is mandatory to avoid harm and contain hazardous materials, but can delay care. Therefore, the stabilization of patients in the warm zone seems reasonable, but research is limited. Moreover, subjects involved in biological events are considered infectious even after decontamination and need to be managed while wearing personal protective equipment (PPE), as seen with Ebola and COVID-19 pandemic. With this simulation mannequin trial, we assessed the impact of CBRNe PPE on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and combat casualty care procedures.METHODS: We compared procedures performed by emergency medicine and anesthesiology senior residents, randomized in 2 groups (CBRNe PPE vs. no PPE). Chest compression (CC) depth was defined as the primary outcome. Time to completion was calculated for the following: tourniquet application; tension pneumothorax needle decompression; peripheral venous access (PVA) and intraosseous access positioning; and drug preparation and administration. A questionnaire was delivered to evaluate participants' perception.RESULTS: Thirty-six residents participated. No significant difference between the groups in CC depth (mean difference = 0.26 cm [95% confidence interval = -0.26 to 0.77 cm, P = 0.318]), as well as for CC rate, CC complete release, and time for drugs preparation and administration was detected. The PPE contributed to significantly higher times for tourniquet application, tension pneumothorax decompression, peripheral venous access, and intraosseous access positioning. The residents found simulation relevant to the residencies' core curriculum.CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that cardiopulmonary resuscitation can be performed while wearing PPE without impacting quality, whereas other tasks requiring higher dexterity can be significantly impaired by PPE.Trial Registration Number: NCT04367454, April 29, 2020 (retrospectively registered)
Comparison of predictive and descriptive models in order to plan the monitoring and research on the rock partridge (Alectoris graeca) in the North Eastern Alps
No full textWithin the implementation of the Management Plan for the Alpi Carniche region (SPA
IT3321001, SCI IT3320001, SCI IT3320002, SCI IT3320003, SCI IT3320004) and the realization of
the monitoring plan referred to art. 8 of RL No. 7/2008 (Friuli Venezia Giulia) some predictive
and descriptive models for the presence and abundance of rock partridge Alectoris graeca
saxatilis have been developed and tested. During 2010 the monitoring plan has been carried out
during the spring (play-back censuses) and the summer (pointing dog censuses) in 10 sample
areas to assess the presence, abundance and reproductive success of the species. These areas
have been identified through expert knowledge and predictive models developed by the
superimposition on regional UTM 1x1 kilometer grid quadrants of some CORINE Biotopes
habitat parameters (open vegetation coverage >50% and open + transitional vegetation
coverage >80%) and slope (>10%) and elevation (1000-2200 m above sea level), subsequently
ranked from 0 to 4 for a suitability index. The census results related to UTM quadrants (n = 46,
40% with the presence of partridges) and buffer areas (100 meters of radius) created from the
locations of the observed animals and the transect points of the censuses (n = 89) have been
described by linear selection models that contain habitat classes from the Habitat Map of Friuli
Venezia Giulia (Map of the Nature at the scale 1:50.000, ISPRA 2009) and morphological
characteristics such as slope, elevation and aspect. The descriptive models have selected
different variables according to the season (reproductive and post-reproductive), identifying
the presence of Eastern Alpine calcicolous larch with moorland as one of the most important
variables to define habitat suitability. Moreover, the descriptive models that use the lesser
spatial scale (100 m buffer) seemed to describe better the presence and abundance of this
species. The predictive models however were inappropriate to describe the presence of this
species and should be used with caution to plan the monitoring activities. The research was supported by the Friuli Venezia Giulia Autonomous Region
Correlations between welfare initiatives and breastfeeding rates: a 10-year follow-up study.
No full textAIM: To evaluate the prevalence of full breastfeeding during the first 6 months of age and to discover if training programs for health caregivers and welfare initiatives at the community level could improve breastfeeding rates.METHODS: Newborn babies with gestational age > or =36 weeks and birth weight > or =2500 g, discharged from the hospital within the first week of life, without any underlying pathologies, were enrolled in 3-month long sample periods between 1997 and 2006. A questionnaire was distributed to the mothers, to be completed and submitted before hospital discharge. Data were collected from phone interviews at 1, 3 and 6 months.RESULTS: Full breastfeeding rates at hospital discharge showed an oscillation between 69.9% and 87%. The rate decreased in the following months and reached very low levels at 6 months of age (< 24%), with the exception of the last sample period in 2006 (44.9%).CONCLUSION: A simple questionnaire, combined with standardized phone interviews, can be easily reproduced and may be used as an indicator for quality of neonatal care at hospital nurseries. A social and cultural change of the whole community towards breastfeeding promotion will result in increasing breastfeeding rates
Ruolo predittivo della manometria esofagea ad alta risoluzione e correlazione con la risposta al trattamento in pazienti affetti da acalasia esofagea
No full textIntroduzione: L’Acalasia è un disordine primitivo della motilità esofagea caratterizzato dalla perdita della peristalsi esofagea in assenza di adeguato rilasciamento dello sfintere esofageo inferiore (LES) in risposta alla deglutizione.
Ad oggi la manometria esofagea ad alta risoluzione (HRM) rappresenta il gold standard per la valutazione della funzionalità motoria esofagea. Negli ultimi anni numerosi lavori scientifici hanno concentrato la loro attenzione sul valore prognostico dei tre differenti tipi di acalasia, diagnosticati mediante HRM, come prognostici per la scelta della tipologia di trattamento (Miotomia vs dilatazione pneumatica).
Scopo della tesi: è stato quello di valutare una serie di pazienti affetti da acalasia esofagea e comprendere se fossero presenti dei parametri di HRM che potessero essere utili al fine di definire la risposta alla terapia e probabilmente di conseguenza la migliore scelta terapeutica.
Materiali e metodi: sono stati arruolati pazienti con sospetto diagnostico di acalasia esofagea basato sulla presentazione clinica, finding endoscopiche ed Rx esofago-stomaco con mdc. Sono stati esclusi pazienti che per scelta non hanno accettato il trattamento chirurgico o endoscopico (ma solo una terapia medica), e tutti i pazienti affetti da pseudo-acalasia. Tutti i pazienti sono stati sottoposti a HRM. In accordo con le linee guida italiane, il protocollo della HRM ha incluso 30 secondi di registrazione basale e 10 deglutizioni di 5 mL di acqua ciascuna, intervallate fra loro da almeno 20-30 secondi. Tutti i pazienti sono poi stati sottoposti a test provocativi di deglutizione multipla: Test a basso volume MRS (Multiple Rapid Swallow) e Test ad alto volume RDC (Rapid Drinking Challenge). Una volta eseguito l’esame sono stati valutati la pressione basale dell’EGJ e la funzione peristaltica. In accordo con la classificazione di Chicago v.3.0 per ogni deglutizione sono stati calcolati DCI (distal contractile integral), e IRP (EGJ integrated relaxation pressure) per valutare la capacità di rilasciamento dell’EGJ.
Tutti i pazienti sono stati rivalutati sulla base della loro risposta alla terapia proposta. La terapia suggerita dal chirurgo è stata la miotomia secondo Heller-Dor (HDM) o la dilatazione pneumatica endoscopica (PD). La scelta del tipo di intervento è stata definita sulla base del rischio sia chirurgico che anestesiologico sulla base di eventuali comorbilità in accordo con il paziente. I pazienti sono stati suddivisi sui due differenti trattamenti: dilatazione endoscopica pneumatica (PD); trattamento chirurgico di Miotomia secondo Heller e ricostruzione della giunzione secondo Dor (HDM).
A distanza di 3 mesi dall’intervento chirurgico i pazienti sono stati suddivisi in due categorie:
Responder: coloro che avevano ridotto di almeno 2 punti la scala di Eckardt, e che mostravano transito di mezzo di contrasto alla radiografia con pasto liquido di bario.
Non-Responder: pazienti con ristagno di mdc alla radiologia esofagea, presenza di un Eckardt Score ≥ 4.
Risultati: sono stati arruolati 60 pazienti (31 F) con età media di 59±20.2 anni. Il 50% (30/60) dei pazienti sono stati sottoposti a terapia chirurgica (HDM) ed il 50% (30/60) a PD.
I Responder sono stati 39 (20F) con età media di 59±19.5 anni. I Non-Responder sono stati 21 (11 F) con età media 60±20.2 anni. Dal momento che, il gruppo dei pazienti responder presentava la caratteristica di essere stato prevalentemente trattato con HDM abbiamo fatto una sottoanalisi per valutare quanto la scelta del tipo di trattamento poteva pesare sulla risposta clinica. Dai risultati ottenuti si può evidenziare che solo l’età era una variabile significativamente diversa fra i due gruppi. Nessun’altra variabile ha mostrato avere un peso significativo in tale contesto.
In questo studio abbiamo valutato tutti i parametri estrapolabili dall’analisi della giunzione esofago-gastrica. Oltre a quelli noti, che sulla base dei dati esistenti della letteratura, non sembravano in grado di correlare con i dati di outcome, abbiamo deciso di valutare altri parametri: il contractile integral della giunzione esofago-gastrica (EGJ-CI), il valore di IRP durante i test di provocazione (IRP-MRS ed IRP-RDC) e l’eventuale presenza di pressurizzazione durante gli stessi test di provocazione citati in precedenza. Dall’analisi dell’EGJ-CI abbiamo osservato che il valore della EGJ-CI è risultato molto più elevato nel gruppo dei pazienti non-responder rispetto al gruppo dei pazienti responder (70.8±18.6 vs 105.6±33.4; p<0.001). Oltre ad EGJ-CI il valore di IRP durante MRS è risultato molto più basso nei soggetti responder rispetto a non-responder (p=0.0014) ed il valore di IRP durante RDC (p=0.0079) sono risultati significativamente più bassi nei responder rispetto ai non responder. Fra tutti questi parametri il più promettente si è rivelato essere EGJ-CI. È stata eseguita una ROC per identificare il valore predittivo di risposta al trattamento. Quando tale valore supera 88.95 mmHg-cm ha dimostrato avere una AUC di 0.975 con una sensibilità del 95.5% ed una specificità del 100 %.
Conclusioni: Possiamo quindi affermare che il parametro EGJ-CI si è dimostrato il parametro più attendibile nel predire la risposta alla terapia chirurgica o al trattamento con dilatazione pneumatica. Similmente interessante il valore dell’IRP soprattutto durante il test di provocazione ad alto volume potrebbe essere preso in considerazione nei pazienti con acalasia (sensibilità 81,8% e specificità 91,7%; AUC 0,895)
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