1,720,988 research outputs found
Colombia : The Economic Foundation of Peace
No full textThe book intends to trigger, and support
policy debate in Colombia. The first part distills four
thematic chapters, responsive to the country's current
realities, as well as to the five decades of development
partnership with the Bank, spanning the entire development
spectrum. First, violence, sustainable peace, and
development introduces the reader to the source of violence
- armed, and social conflicts, and drug trade prevalent in
the country - to form a framework of understanding on the
economic, and social costs for building peace, and enable
sustainable growth. Second, such growth is examined within
the macroeconomic, and fiscal framework, to ensure a healthy
financial system, and create a business environment to
foster private sector development. Third, such eventual
success, drives us through Colombia's traditional
socioeconomic progress, though through its recent setbacks
as well - economic recession, increased macroeconomic
instability, and judicial uncertainty - all eroding
potential welfare gains. Fourth, and ultimately, the demand
for governance and quality of government reveals the
coexisting problems faced by strong and weak governance, and
explores a strengthened governance based on selectivity and
gradualism in building high quality government. To support
this analysis, the second part, provides sector-specific
realities, including its fiscal framework, public debt
management, financial sector and pension reform. The
development agenda calls for a government to reach a higher
growth plateau, allowing a chance for sharing in that
growth, and making the state an icon of quality
The Day After Tomorrow : A Handbook on the Future of Economic Policy in the Developing World
No full textDevelopment economists are paid to look
into the future. They ask not only how things work today,
but also how a new policy, program, or project will make
them work tomorrow. They view the world and history as a
learning process, past and present are just inputs into
thinking about what's coming. It is that appetite for a
vision of the future that led us to invite some 40
development economists, most of them from the World
Bank's poverty reduction and economic management
network, an epicenter of the profession, to tell us what
they see on the horizon of their technical disciplines and
of their geographic areas of specialization. The timing
could not be better. The 2008-09 global financial crises
shook the ground under the conventional wisdom that had been
held as true for decades. From what the role of governments
should be in markets to which countries will be the engines
of the world's economy, from what people need to leave
poverty to what businesses need to stay competitive, it is
all up for reexamination. This synthesis provides an account
of what the author heard. It is not meant to be
comprehensive. Instead, it picks from each chapter what is
new, what is likely to change, and what will be different in
the future
Reflections on credit policy in developing countries: its effect on private investment
Full text linkPrevious approaches to credit policy in the stabilization and adjustment of developing countries have emphasized either the role of the availability of credit or the role of its price - that is, the interest rate. The authors argue that effective credit policy in developing countries must take into account both interest rate and credit channels. The authors develop their argument in the context of the link between credit policy and private investment, using a model of firms'investment behavior in an economy with exogenous, time-varying borrowing constraints. The model incorporates a credit ceiling linked to the firms'net worth and the state of the credit market. The state of the credit market depends on factors such as credit and interest rate policy, regulatory and supervisory practices, and market sentiments that banks consider in making lending decisions. These factors affect banks'decisions independent of a borrower's creditworthiness. Thus, in times of tight money, firms that would otherwise have received loans may be denied them and have to postpone or cut back investment plans. The authors use their model to specify an equation relating aggregate private investment to aggregate output and to two credit market variables. Their findings show that interest rates and credit volume exert a joint influence on the behavior of private investment in the countries examined.Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Financial Intermediation,International Terrorism&Counterterrorism
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
A Brave New World for Latin America
Full text linkWith variations across countries, Latin America’s economic agenda will change over the next few years. Fiscal policy will be monitored more independently, and may lean more against cycles. Financial regulation will be heavier, and less attuned with a single international model. Innovation will be at the center of trade strategies. Equity will begin to replace equality as the driver of social programs. More state agencies will be managed by results, starting the long process of earning citizens’ trust. The region will play a larger global role, led by Brazil. And if the world’s economy holds, most Latin Americans will be on a faster development path.Latin America, fiscal policy, financial regulation, equality, equity, social programs, innovation, trade, Brazil, development
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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