177,002 research outputs found
Science and technology for the people? On the framing of innovation in policy discourses in India and in EU
No full textIn 2010 both India and Europe launched new strategies focused on innovation, for economic growth and for addressing societal challenges: the Decade of Innovation from the Indian Government and the Innovation Union from the European Union. This piqued our interest in investigating how these two political entities have envisioned the concept of innovation, particularly in studying and comparing how they have focused on people, both as final beneficiaries (and thus principal legitimisers) of policy actions, and as actors themselves in the innovation process. Per contra we found, in institutional documents, very different descriptions of how to adequately realise citizens\u27 involvement, spanning from the abiding reference to people\u27s inclusion in the Indian case to the varied discourses on public engagement in EU, down to the passive role accorded to citizens in some Expert Groups reports. The comparison between the understandings of innovation (and innovators) in the two contexts can enlarge and refine the argumentative and metaphoric repertoire of science communicators. Further, it can form the basis of a mature and shared debate on the role that knowledge production and innovation policies can and should play in the public governance of science and technology
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
La polis del futuro
No full textThere is nowadays an urgent need to know produced futures of our making, that is to engage or re-engage with what is called future presents (Adam 2007), which has to do with social responsibility. Progress relates to future, but not all kinds of progress make future. Sometimes future is not linked to what we call progress, much more so to what we call responsibility. This is also because responsibility and knowledge are less and less linked, while non-knowledge is becoming the dominant feature of technology-based innovation. So while innovation increases, thanks to scientific and technological advancements, the parallel growth of uncertainty and indeterminacy gave rise to an increased need of social and individual responsibility in making future. Innovation became indeed a matter of ethical concern and a basis for political present and future action
Building sustainable cities is of the utmost importance for the future, no less than to deal with the theme of regeneration, retraining and sustainable urban reuse. The theme in fact implies the issue, crucial in town planning practice, of acting in conformity with a policy mode of a sustainable city development. Projecting sustainable cities, that still have their matrix in the Greek polis, also involves the consideration of various related aspects, among which that of spaces excluded from production processes, that of shantytowns, those of urban expansion, of environmental impacts and, last but not least, that of consumption of non-urbanized soil. Another issue of consequence for urban regeneration is the construction of appropriate decision-making inclusive processes. The citizens’ participation, as it appears in Musco’s book (2009) certainly looks as an important element on two grounds: on the one hand to identify, support and develop policies of sustainability, on the other as means to achieve shared solutions. It must be said, however, that in order to be effective and efficient, participation should be a continuous, recurrent practice. Retrieving spaces abandoned from production processes or restoring new environmental, economic and social quality to degraded districts perfectly answers the concept of sustainable city, by limiting urban dispersion and reducing environmental impacts inherent in the built-up areas (Musco 2009). An excellent example in this line is provided by the city of Barcelona. Central in current projects of requalification of the city is the intention of connecting it with the retrieval of Ensanche (or Eixample in Catalan) from Cerda’s idea, already stretched to include all the social and urban needs of a city one and a half century old. Public space and its regeneration are then conceived as a strategy for modification of the metropolitan area, once again overcoming the fences of utopia with the ability to carry out projects (Mazzoleni 2009). The awareness of living in a world whose resources and possibilities of expansion are limited helped to draw attention to the ecological limitations and the possibilities of change in relation with both environment and culture. Hence the diffusion of methods of ecology of culture and of ideas to find sustainable solutions. The very peripheries, those of which Renzo Piano the architect writes that they need to be ‘mended’ by a new generation of able and responsible young people, are perhaps to embody the city of the future, and not only in Italy: ‘The suburbs are the great urban bet of the coming decades. See the example of Otranto (1979). New crafts and techniques are to be found, intended to the consolidation of buildings, and micro businesses that only need a small capital to trigger a virtuous cycle’ (Piano 2014).
The irreparable decline and inexorable depopulation in some of the U.S.A., Japan and western and eastern European cities and suburbs, at the same time stimulated the research for a better understanding of new synergies between decline and growth. The phenomenon of urban contraction has acquired a new meaning, which connotes a variety of urban ailments, comprising both North and South of the world. The planning lessons that come from both the American Rust Belt and from Eastern German cities are conquering the center of the scene and helping to solicit new planning paradigms
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Liftings for noncomplete probability spaces
No full textThe current state of knowledge concerning liftings for noncomplete probability spaces is discussed. This is a somewhat expanded version of the author's talk given at the 1991 Summer Conference on General Topology and Applications in Honor of Mary Ellen Rudin and Her Work.PT: S; CR: BURKE MR, IN PRESS P AM MATH S BURKE MR, 1991, ISRAEL J MATH, V73, P33 BURKE MR, 1992, ISRAEL J MATH, V79, P289 CARLSON T, THEOREM LIFTING CHRISTENSEN JPR, 1974, TOPOLOGY BOREL STRUC FREMLIN DH, 1989, HDB BOOLEAN ALGEBRAS, P877 INOESCUTULCEA A, 1966, 5TH P BERK S MATH ST, V2 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1967, CONTRIBUTIONS PROB 1, P63 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1969, TOPICS THEORY LIFTIN JECH TJ, 1978, SET THEORY JOHNSON RA, 1980, P AM MATH SOC, V80, P234 JUST W, IN PRESS T AM MATH S KUPKA J, 1983, INDIANA U MATH J, V32, P717 LOSERT V, 1983, LNM, V1080, P95 MAHARAM D, 1958, P AM MATH SOC, V9, P987 SHELAH S, 1983, ISRAEL J MATH, V45, P90 TALAGRAND M, 1982, P AM MATH SOC, V84, P379 VONNEUMANN J, 1931, CRELLES J MATH, V165, P109; NR: 18; TC: 0; J9: ANN N Y ACAD SCI; PG: 4; GA: BZ86BSource type: Electronic(1
Hansen, Lee (Lee R.). Union, non-union, and managerial pay plan state employees, 2008-2019
No full text1 online resource (2 pages)"July 1, 2021."Provides the number of union and non-union state employees in each of the last 14 years. Also provides the number of state employees paid under the state's managerial pay plan during each of those years. Updates OLR research report 2019-R-011
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