1,723,662 research outputs found
Prerequisiti organizzativo gestionali per la sicurezza del paziente: il ruolo della leadership in Conoscere per gestire il rischio in sanità
No full textIl volume riassume gli esiti della ricerca sulla misurazione e valutazione della performance individuale in un campione rappresentativo di 60 AA.PP., fornendo implicazioni per la pratica manageriale
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Grapiprant: A snapshot of the current knowledge
Full text linkGrapiprant is the pioneer member of the novel piprant class, a potent and specific antagonist of the prostaglandin E2 receptor 4. It has been approved in veterinary medicine for the control of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in dogs at the dose regimen of 2 mg/kg once a day by the FDA and EMA (for pain only) in 2016 and 2018, respectively. The aim of this narrative review was to report the analytical methods, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of grapiprant in several animal species using the best available published scientific evidence. In conclusion, most of the analytical methods proposed for grapiprant detection are simple, reliable, sensitive and validated. The pharmacokinetics show discrepancies between animal species. The therapeutic efficacy seems more suited to chronic rather than acute pain
Flupirtine: intravenous and oral pharmacokinetics in the donkey
No full textINTRODUCTION
Flupirtine (FLU) is a non-opioid analgesic drug with no antipyretic
or antiphlogistic effects labelled for humans. It does not
induce the side effects associated with the classical drugs used
as pain relievers (NSAIDs and opioids). The aim of this study
was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profiles of FLU after IV
and PO administration in healthy donkeys.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Six Amiata breed adult jennies were randomly assigned to two
treatment groups using an open, 2 9 2 Latin-square crossover
study design. Group 1 (n = 3) received a single dose of
1 mg kg
1 of FLU injected IV (Katadolon 100 mg 3 ml
1
vial, FLU D-gluconate) into the jugular vein. Group 2 (n = 3)
received FLU (5 mg kg
1) via nasogastric tube (Efiret 100 mg
hard capsules, FLU maleate). The wash out period was 1-week.
Blood samples (5 ml) were collected at 0.083, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75,
1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, 36 and 48 h and plasma was then
analysed by a validated HPLC method. Drug plasma concentration
versus time curves were modeled for each subject using a
two-compartment open modeL RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
No behavioral changes or alterations in health parameters were
observed in the IV and PO groups of animals during or after (up
to 7 days) the drug administration. Physiological signs and
parameters were normal. After IV and PO administrations, FLU
was detectable in plasma for up to 24 h. The mean elimination
half-life was longer after PO (10.81 h) than after IV (0.90 h)
administration. The Tmax found in this study (0.33 h) was
shorter than the Tmax reported for dogs (1.42 h) (1), humans
(range 1.6–1.8 h) (2), and cats (2.78 h) (3) showing a faster
rate of absorption of the drug in donkeys. A number of factors
may be responsible for this difference: the large variation in this
parameter in the donkey, different absorption, gastric emptying,
transit time or other species-specific factors. The clearance was
4812.8 ml h kg
1 and the AUC was small, findings consistent
with a low oral bioavailability of about 20%. The pharmacokinetic
trend of FLU in donkeys was different from those earlier
reported in cats and dogs where the oral bioavailability was
40%. Surprisingly, the oral bioavailability of FLU in donkeys was
much smaller than that reported in horses (70%) (M. Giorgi personal
communication). This might be triggered by the faster
clearance value in donkeys compared to horses (411 ml h kg
1)
rather than a poor drug absorption (Cmax 937 versus
1639 ng ml
1). Further studies are needed to understand if this
active ingredient may be used in donkeys.
REFERENCES
1. Kumar R, Keshri UP, Sharma J. Flupirtine: A mini review
(2013) J Drug Deliv Therap;3:113–6.
2. De Vito V, Łebkowska-Wieruszewska B, Shaban A, Lisowski
A, Kowaski CJ, Giorgi M (2014) Pharmacokinetic profiles of
the analgesic flupirtine in dogs after the administration of
four pharmaceutical formulations. Vet Anaest Analg.
doi:10.1111/vaa.12235, in press
3. De Vito V, Łebkowska-Wieruszewska B, Owen H. Kowaski,
CJ, Giorgi M (2014) Pharmacokinetic profiles of the analgesic
drug flupirtine in cats. Vet J; 202:309–13
An HPLC Method for the Determination of Bromadiolone Plasma Kinetics and its Residues in Hen Eggs
No full textCereal-based bromadiolone anticoagulant is often used for rodent control, and because these baits are attractive for poultry they may be accidentally ingested. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a new high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of bromadiolone residues in hens' eggs and its plasma kinetics. Laying hens (n = 48) were divided into four groups of 12 animals each. Groups I and II received orally a single dose of bromadiolone 10 mg/kg, group III received a single dose of bromadiolone 60 mg/kg, and group IV was the control. Eggs were collected from groups I, III, and IV, whereas plasma was collected from groups II and IV. The HPLC method developed was reproducible, sensitive, accurate, and linear within the range 0.1-20 μg/g. The final HPLC conditions were as follows: mobile phase MeOH-ammonium acetate (0.5 M) triethylamine buffer (pH 5, 51:49, v/v); analytical column Luna C18 ODS2; wavelength 260 nm; flow rate of 1.5 mL/min; and warfarin as internal standard (5 μg/mL). Recoveries for bromadiolone were in the range of 72-80% with RSD lower than 10%. Pharmacokinetic behavior of bromadiolone in hens results faster than that reported in other animals and humans. Following 10 and 60 mg/kg treatment bromadiolone was not detected in albumen but was present in yolk from day 4 to 5 and from day 2 to 9. In conclusion, the bromadiolone amount found in eggs was well below the toxic dose of this anticoagulant for humans, and no anticoagulant effect should be observed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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