1,720,990 research outputs found
Navigational difficulties after stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textObjectiveNavigation, the ability to find one's way from one place to another, is an important cognitive skill for maintaining autonomy in daily life. Several findings indicate that navigational ability can be impaired after stroke. However, navigation is rarely assessed in clinical practice, and evidence-based recommendations for suitable diagnostic tools are lacking. Furthermore, the scientific literature does not provide a meta-analytic estimation of the prevalence of post-stroke navigational impairments. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the tools to assess navigational difficulties after stroke, including their psychometric properties, and determine the prevalence of post-stroke navigational difficulties.MethodThree investigators independently and systematically searched publications performing assessments of navigation in the stroke population, with a fourth independent investigator consulted when discrepancies were present. References of the retrieved articles were hand searched for relevant articles.ResultsThe systematic review included 19 studies, reporting on 19 different approaches to assess objective and/or subjective navigation skills, each with different psychometric properties. The pooled effect size, using a random-effects model including data from a subset of 8 out of the 19 included studies, demonstrated a prevalence of post-stroke navigation impairments of 35% (95% CI: 0.29-0.42). However, this model was significantly heterogeneous.ConclusionsNavigational difficulties are a common neuropsychological deficit after stroke. However, navigation is a broad construct and a subdivision to reduce heterogeneity in navigation ability is recommended, e.g. by categorizing navigation into landmark-, location-, and path-based navigation impairment. The inclusion of objective and subjective assessments of navigation is recommended in clinical practice.RegistrationThe protocol was registered at the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023491346).This work was supported by a junior research project fundamental research by FWO; grant [number G002323N
Editorial: Intra- and Inter-individual Variability of Executive Functions: Determinant and Modulating Factors in Healthy and Pathological Conditions
Full text linkExecutive functioning generally refers to the ability to organize thought and action based on intentions and goals, especially in novel, complex or difficult situations. Executive functioning is a multifaceted psychological construct that may be depicted as a set of related but separable high-level cognitive abilities, possibly supported by the prefrontal cortex and implemented by larger brain networks (Miyake et al., 2000; Shallice and Burgess, 1996 but see Duncan et al., 1997). Many models exist that emphasize commonalities or differences among various executive functions (EF). While the number and type of EF that exist remain a topic of debate, most authors would agree that EF show high intra- and inter-individual variability in terms of their cognitive and behavioral manifestations.
But what are the determinant and modulating factors that might explain the variability across EF? Do neuro-anatomical or neuro-functional factors and/or the environment influence EF? The overall goal of our research topic was to provide a forum to explore the contributions of different research groups investigating intra- and inter-individual variability in EF. We welcomed empirical, theoretical and meta-analytical work involving both clinical and healthy human populations. We were impressed by the number of authors who did indeed rally to our call; our research topic resulted in contributions from 187 authors and 39 published articles. At the time of writing, our research topic has resulted in an impressive 62,809 total views and 5,728 article downloads. We hope after reading these articles, you will be more sensitive to the various factors that contribute to intra- and inter-subject variability in EF and will be inspired to consider these when studying EF in both healthy and pathological conditions.
What follows is a brief overview of the contributions to our research topic. We aim to highlight some of the key influences on EF variability, and some of the interesting questions to emerge from these articles that we hope will encourage and influence future research. We appreciate that this editorial cannot fully do our research topic justice in terms of the breadth and depth of topics/questions included and so we encourage you to read further the contributions that these articles offer to the research area of EF
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Intra- and Inter-individual Variability of Executive Functions: Determinant and Modulating Factors in Healthy and Pathological Conditions
No full textThis eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contac
Intra- and Inter-individual Variability of Executive Functions: Determinant and Modulating Factors in Healthy and Pathological Conditions
No full textThis eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contac
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Temporal expectations in healthy ageing & neurological disorders
Full text linkPrevious research has shown that orienting attention in time can help to improve behavioural outcomes. However, the extent to which temporal orienting can be preserved in ageing and in the context of neurological disorders remains unresolved. This thesis therefore explores temporal expectations in the healthy ageing and diseased brain by taking a neuropsychological approach. To begin, I provide an overview of the literature in Chapter 1 most relevant for the following investigation. Four chapters of experiments then follow. To examine the effects of ageing on temporal expectation, the performance of healthy young adults and healthy older adults is presented and the results are discussed in Chapter 2 and 3. Though it had been previously shown that older adults seem to experience an expectation deficit on temporal expectation tasks, these chapters demonstrate the preservation of temporal expectation in ageing. On their own, these findings represent an important and novel contribution to the literature; however, this research is incapable of establishing the causal mechanisms involved in temporal expectation. To explore the causal role of relevant brain regions in temporal expectation, Chapter 4 and 5 investigate the effects of temporal orienting in participants with damage to the basal ganglia — a brain region strongly implicated in temporal processing. In Chapter 4, the role of the basal ganglia in temporal expectations is examined using data collected from participants with Parkinson’s disease and contrasts their performance with age-matched healthy controls. To complement this investigation, and to provide converging evidence for the basal ganglia’s role in temporal expectations, Chapter 5 investigates the behavioural performance of individuals with focal lesions to the basal ganglia. The findings in this thesis are discussed in their wider context in Chapter 6, and directions for future research are proposed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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