1,720,984 research outputs found
Commuting accidents while walking: A women occupational risk
No full textBACKGROUND: there are few studies in occupational health literature addressing the issue of work injuries among wo-men. OBJECTIVES: the purpose of this study is to examine gender differences in the occurrence and causes of one type of work injuries which is more frequent among women: the commuting accident while walking. DESIGN: this study is based on the data of recognized commuting while walking injuries in the industrial and service sectors recorded by the Italian National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work during the last five years (2014-2018). SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Italy; all compensated workers for commuting while walking injuries. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: number of injuries, rate incidence, incidence rate ratio, odds ratio. RESULTS: commuting while walking injuries in the last five years were three times more frequent among women, with an increasing incidence over the years and by age (women: 1,31‰ vs men 0,40‰; IR 3,24; 95%CI 3,19-3,30). Women were more often injured going to work, in winter, on Mondays, in the North-Western areas of the country. Female mail-carriers, cleaners, care givers, public administrators were particularly vulnerable, especially the less young (≥50 years old). Females were at a higher risk for fractures particularly of wrist, elbow, and foot, while males had a higher risk for hand, knee, and chest injuries. Gender difference in incidence rate and type of commuting while walking injuries may be also due to a diverse work and home exposures together with fall dynamics. CONCLUSIONS: commuting while walking work injuries show the higher incidence rate among women and the need to gender oriented prevention
Non-vehicle commuting in Italy: need for ergonomic action for women's lower limbs?
No full textIntroduction: The aim of this paper is to examine gender differences in the occurrence of accidents among workers while walking to or from their workplace (non-vehicle commuting accidents). We have previously found that the lower limb is more often injured at work among women, compared to men, so the paper concentrates on lower limb injuries. Methods: Using the records of the National Institute for Insurance against Injuries at Work (INAIL), we focused on the non-vehicle commuting accidents of women and men recognized as work-related for the period 2013-2017. In particular, we examined the gender difference by work sector and type of trauma suffered with particular attention to lower limb injuries. Results: The rate of non-vehicle commuting accidents (n. 60,936) among women was significantly higher than for men (1.29‰ vs 0.40‰ men, p < 0.001) for the period studied. Lower limb injuries (50.5% for women and 43.7% for men, p < 0.001) constituted the large majority of these injuries. In particular, dislocation of the ankle (78% for women vs 65.5% for men, p < 0.001), bruise of the knee (71.2% for women vs 54.9% for men, p < 0.001) and fracture of the foot (41% for women vs 33.6% for men, p < 0.001) were all significantly higher among women. The work sectors with higher injury rates were: Transport and Warehouse, Public Administration, Health and care services and Wholesale and retail trade. This result may be due to wear and tear from conditions at work. The women injured were on the average, a decade older than men (50-59 vs 40-49 years old). Conclusions: Non-vehicle commuting represents an important, albeight neglected, preventable risk for women workers, causing lower limb trauma particularly at the ankle, the foot and the knee. These areas may be particularly injure-prone among women in specific sectors, due to the work environment. Effective prevention of these injuries requires gender-oriented ergonomic actions at work and in the commuting environment
Upper and Lower Limb Work Injuries: A Question of Sex or Gender?
No full textGender differences in non-vehicle work injuries compensated records in Italy were studied for five years (2014–2018) using Inail (National Institute for Insurance against Injuries at work) Data Records. Results showed 357.306 women injuries and 908.139 men injuries with higher injury rate in both women 11‰ and men 19.1‰ with upper and lower limb differently injured. Upper limb injuries occurred more often among men (women 34% vs 41% men, p < 0.05) with hand more injured. Wrist and elbow were significantly injured among women (wrist OR: 2.09; IC95% 2.06–2.13 and elbow OR: 1.46; IC95% 1.42–1.50). A higher women’s injury rate was found in: health care activities (20‰, the highest number of work accidents among women 83.029), cleaning (19‰), transport (17‰) Women reported more wrist fractures in cleaning, wrist dislocation in healthcare and more wrist bruise in post-service activities. Lower limb injuries occurred more often among women (women 30% vs 26% men, p < 0.05) with more ankle (OR: 1.06; IC95% 1.05–1.08) and knee (OR: 1.10; IC95% 1.08–1.11), particularly ankle dislocation among cleaners and post-services and bruise of the knee in healthcare activities. The reasons of the high rate of wear and tear of wrist, elbow, ankle and knee among women in analyzed work activities are discussed taking s/g differences into account
Women’s wrist and elbow at work: analysis of acute injuries and cumulative trauma disorders to improve ergonomics in female-dominated activities
No full textThe aim of this study is to analys0; CI 95% ring: wrist dis-ac OR: 3.e women’s wrist and elbow acute work injuries together with cumulative trauma disorders, such as carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and epicondylitis. Five years records (2015–2019) on women’s wrist/elbow acute work injuries and CTS/epicondilytis, from Italian National Compensation Authority, were collected and pooled all together as ‘dis-ac’ (disorders + acute) events. A statistical analysis was performed in comparing the different female-dominated work sectors. Results showed that hairdressing/laundry sector was associated with the highest risk for wrist acute work injuries and cleaning for elbow while manufacturing for CTS and epicondylitis. Hairdressing/laundry and manufacturing were associated with the highest risk for dis-ac events (hairdressing: wrist dis-ac OR: 4.89; CI 95% 4.22–5.67; elbow dis-ac OR: 3.739; CI 95% 3.13–3.66; elbo2.99–4.58; manufactuw dis-ac OR: 2.45; CI 95% 2.20–2.73). The relationship between acute injuries and cumulative trauma disorders is discussed to preserve women’s safety and health in ergonomics. Women’s wrist and elbow acute work injuries and cumulative trauma disorders (carpal tunnel syndrome and epicondylitis) were analysed and studied all together (dis-ac events) in female-dominated activities. Hairdressing and manufacturing work sectors were associated with the highest risk, showing the need to safeguard the health and safety of female workers
Electromagnetic radiation from VDT units: Study of the effectiveness of an active shielding device
No full textMeasurements of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields and low frequency magnetic fields emitted by a set of video display terminal (VDT) units are reported. The field values measured at the position normally occupied by the user are below the safety limits. This is because the field amplitudes decrease rapidly (following a 1/R-3 law) with the distance from the source, as has been verified in this work. Measurements with a commercial shielding device consisting of small plastic balls filled with a water solution of rare earth elements were also performed. The only physical mechanism that could be hypothesized to produce an active suppression of the VDT field is that rare earth atoms, which probably were chosen due to their large magnetic moment, behave as oscillating magnetic dipoles capable of emitting a secondary magnetic field that, along some particular directions, has a phase that is opposite to that of the exciting field. Unfortunately, if one analyzes this mechanism quantitatively, it is easy to show that the secondary magnetic field is absolutely negligible, as was confirmed by experimental measurements performed in this study
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
An innovative synthesis pathway to benzodioxanes: The peculiar reactivity of glycerol carbonate and catechol
No full textA peculiar reactivity of glycerol carbonate (GlyC) as an innovative and highly reactive alkylating agent for phenolic compounds is investigated in this article. In particular, 2-hydroxymethyl-1,4-benzodioxane (HMB), a key intermediate for the pharmaceutical industry, has been selectively synthesized by the reaction of a slight excess of GlyC with catechol in the presence of a basic catalyst (NaOCH3, Na-mordenite, MgO), without requiring a reaction solvent. Both reagents have been quantitatively converted in just one hour at 170 °C with a HMB yield, up to 88%, in the presence of a homogeneous basic catalyst (NaOCH3). Notably, the main side product, the HMB isomer, may be an interesting intermediate for the synthesis of calone analogues, which are important scaffolds used in fragrances. A detailed mechanistic study, supported by kinetics, GC-MS, and HMBC NMR characterization, is also reported. Accordingly, this paper describes a completely innovative and greener synthesis pathway to benzodioxanes
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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