135,792 research outputs found
A study on the optimal PPP model for transport: the case of road and rail in South Korea
No full textIn recent decades the Public Private Partnership (PPP) has been widely regarded as an innovative way to construct transport infrastructures and to improve the quality of service. As the number of PPP cases has increased, many countries have tried to standardise PPP models to minimise the costs of trial and error. South Korea, where 426 PPP projects have been undertaken since 1994, usually preferred the BTO (Build-Transfer-Operate) model for transport. In the BTO model, the private sector recoups its investment by charging end users directly and hence should bear the traffic demand risk. However, the Korean Government shared the demand risk through a minimum revenue guarantee to induce private sector involvement, and this led to many criticisms of the BTO model. Tariffs in the BTO case were much higher than those of public operators, but the Government still had to pay large amounts of guaranteed revenue. Thus, BTL (Build-Transfer-Lease), where the demand risk is on the public sector, has become an alternative model. The BTL is the “service sold to the public sector” model which is similar to the DBFO (Design-Build-Finance-Operate) in the UK. This thesis examines which of the BTO and the BTL PPP models is optimal to save governmental expenditure for transport infrastructures such as road and rail. Appropriate traffic demand risk sharing, which a particularly controversial issue in South Korea, is explored. These research objectives are examined through five case studies: the Incheon Airport Expressway and the Oksan-Ochang Expressway cases for road PPP; the Incheon Airport Railway, the Daegok-Sosa Railway and the Seoul Metro 9 cases for rail PPP. Through a detailed literature review and five case studies, the thesis shows that the optimal PPP model, which is measured by the VFM (Value for Money) assessment, needs to satisfy the interests of public sector, private sector, and end users. Based on these assessments and including these three viewpoints, it is concluded that the optimal PPP model for road can be the BTL where the public sector can save expenditure or reduce the level of tariff. Traffic demand risk for roads is relatively low, so the public sector does not have to transfer it to the private sector with high profit rate. In the case of rail, the limited revenue and high cost make a project difficult to be financially free standing by the BTO model. However, the BTO can be a better option in urban rail if traffic demand risk is shared appropriately
Calpastatin exon 1B-derived peptide, a selective inhibitor of calpain: Enhancing cell permeability by conjugation with penetratin
No full textGil-Parrado S, Assfalg-Machleidt I, Fiorino F, et al. Calpastatin exon 1B-derived peptide, a selective inhibitor of calpain: Enhancing cell permeability by conjugation with penetratin. BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 2003;384(3):395-402
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
Aventuras de Gil Blas de Santillana /
No full textt.1-3. Aventures de Gil Blas de Santillana. -- t.4. Observaciones criticas sobre el romance de Gil Blas de Santillana.Mode of access: Internet
La Gil
No full text¿Es sencillo mostrarnos al mundo tal como somos? En la sociedad actual, revelar nuestra verdadera esencia puede ser uno de los desafíos más complejos que enfrentamos como seres humanos. Requiere una profunda introspección en nuestros sentimientos y dolores, una tarea que a menudo evitamos. Expresarlo externamente se convierte en un desafío aún mayor.
Mi proyecto "La Gil" es el resultado de un proceso personal de introspección. Surgido como una iniciativa personal, busca canalizar los sentimientos más profundos que residen en mí a través de la expresión artística. Ante la dificultad de comunicar estas emociones a los demás, sentí la necesidad de compartir estas experiencias. Este proyecto celebra mi individualidad mientras busca crear un espacio de reflexión y empatía, fomentando el autoconocimiento y la sanación emocional.Pregrad
Discovery of Hα satellite emission in a low state of the SW Sextantis star BB Doradus
No full textBB Dor was observed during its low state in 2009. Signatures of both binary components are revealed in the average optical spectrum; no signature of accretion is observed. Narrow emission lines of Hα, Hei and NaD, as well as TiO absorption troughs, trace the motion of the irradiated secondary star. We detect two additional components in the Hα emission line that share many characteristics of similar 'satellite' lines observed in the low state of magnetic cataclysmic variables of AM Her type. It is the first time such emission components are detected for an SW Sex star. © 2012 The Authors Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society © 2012 RAS
Distribución actualizada de Aricia morronensis (Ribbe, 1910) en Andalucía, con nuevos registros para Jaén y Granada (SE. España) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
No full textNew localities (in 10 new UTM 10x10 km grids) of the Iberian-Pyrenean
endemism Aricia morronensis (Ribbe, 1910) are recorded for Jaen and Granada
provinces (E. Andalusia, SE. Spain). The known and updated distribution of this
butterfly within the Andalusian region (87.595 km²) is provided. The current paper
is the continuation of my previous study on this species (GIL-T., 2009).Se informa sobre nuevas localidades (en 10 nuevas cuadrículas UTM 10x10 km)
del endemismo ibérico-pirenáico Aricia morronensis (Ribbe, 1910) en las
provincias de Jaén y Granada (E. Andalucia). Se muestra la distribución conocida y
actualizada de esta mariposa en la región de Andalucía (87.595 km²). El presente
artículo es la continuación de mi anterior trabajo sobre esta especie (GIL-T., 2009)
Handwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
EMRETMEYEN -GIL EKİ
No full textÖzet: Söylenen sözün emir olabilmesi için öncelikle emri dile getirenin karşı taraftan daha yüksek bir statüye sahip olması, bu statünün gücü ifade etmesi ve komut maksadı taşıması gerekmektedir. Emir kipi eklerinden olan -GIl ekinin bulunduğu tarihî lehçelere ait cümlelerde her zaman bir emir, komut ve statü üstünlüğü ifadesinin var olup olmadığı merak uyandırmıştır. Bu düşünceden yola çıkılarak yapılan işlev ve anlam odaklı çalışmada, metin bağlamında ele alınan -GIl eki irdelenmiştir. -GIl ekinin emir maksadı taşımasının yanı sıra farklı anlamlara da sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışma iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. İlk bölümde -GIl ekinin bilinen ve araştırmacılar tarafından incelenen yönü ifade edilirken ikinci bölümde tarihî lehçelere ait taranan metinlerde bu ekin anlam sınırları çizilmiştir. Türkçede emir eki olan -GIl ekinin her zaman emir ifade etmediği tarihî lehçelerden alınan örneklerle ispat edilmiştir. Tarihî lehçelere ait 15 eser taranmış, taranan eserlerden örnekler sunulmuştur. Böylece -GIl ekinin dua, beddua, uyarı, öğüt, neden-sonuç, açıklama ve bilgi verme, güven verme, güven duyma, cesaretlendirme, meydan okuma, davet etme, övgü, endişe, korku, tehdit etme, mecburiyet, çaresizlik, yalvarma, azarlama ve hayal kırıklığı, gereklilik, önemsememe, umursamama, şart, merak, alay etme, yasaklama, teselli, hatırlatma, tedbir alma, reddetme, tercih, imkânsızlık, pişmanlık, vaatte bulunma, gücenme, itiraz etme, kararlılık, kışkırtma, pazarlık yapma ve teklif etme olmak üzere toplamda 37 işlevinin bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan incelemeyle eklerin sadece şekil yönünden değil işlev yönünden de incelenmesi gerektiği vurgulanmıştır.Anahtar kelimeler: Tarihî lehçeler, emir, -GIl eki, işlev.Abstract: Command of spoken word command to be expressed firstly from the opposite side to have a higher status, the status of the power of expression and command purposes are required to carry. Adds imperative that the -GIl annex that contains historical dialects belong to an order in sentences all the time, command and status of superiority expressed whether or not have was curiosity. From this point on the basis of the study focused on the function and meaning of the text in the context of additional -GIl adds were examined. Transportation command for the purpose of -GIl adds as well as have been found to have a different meaning. The study consists of two parts. In the first part of the -GIl adds known and studied by researchers in the direction while expressing the historical dialects belonging to the second part of the adds the scanned text in the meaning of that the boundaries were drawn. With additional -GIl adds command in Turkish are not always express command that have been proved with examples taken from historical dialects. 15 works belonging to the historical dialects scanned, the scanned examples of the works have been presented. Thus, -GIl adds of prayer, curse, warning, admonition, cause and effect, description, information, reassurance, confidence, encouragement, challenge, invite, praise, worry, fear, seriously damages are not obligatory, helplessness, beg, scold, frustration, necessity, ignorance, indifference, condition, curiosity, teasing, prohibition, comfort, reminder, take measures to refuse, preferring impossibility, regret, not promise, resentment, appeal, determination, solicitation, to negotiate, to offer including a total of 37 functions that have been identified. Attachments made ??by examining not only in terms of shape is emphasized that should be examined in terms of function.Key words: Historical dialects, imperative, -GIl attachment, function. </p
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