1,721,072 research outputs found
Ileal enteroglucagon cells after ileal-duodenal transposition in the rat.
No full textThe changes occurring in the ileal wall and in enteroglucagon cells were studied
in a rat model of intestinal adaptation, obtained by the transposition of a
segment of distal ileum into the mid-duodenum (6 rats, compared with 6 transected
controls). After 40 days, the transposed ileal segment, compared to the
equivalent segment in the controls, showed striking increase in weight,
especially of the epithelium (1,585 +/- 127 vs. 305 +/- 42 mg, mean +/- SEM, p
less than 0.0005). The calculated weight of enteroglucagon cells in the segment
showed a smaller, but significant increase (1.7 +/- 0.3 vs. 0.8 +/- 0.2
micrograms, p less than 0.05). Plasma enteroglucagon was markedly raised (239 +/-
28 vs. 61 +/- 7.1 pmol/l, p less than 0.0005) and showed a greatly increased
meal-stimulated response (1,521 +/- 284 vs. 83 +/- 43 pmol, p less than 0.0005),
thus suggesting hyperactivity of enteroglucagon cells
Central and peripheral administration of kisspeptin-10 stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.
Full text linkTissue localization and relative distribution of regulatory peptides in separated layers from the human bowel.
No full textThe localization and distribution of regulatory peptides was studied in separated
epithelium, lamina propria, submucosa, and external muscular layer from 16
specimens of human bowel. Immunoreactive enteroglucagon, gastric inhibitory
polypeptide, and neurotensin were almost confined to the epithelial fraction
(97.5 +/- 2.2%, 97.5 +/- 4.2%, and 99.3 +/- 1.1% of their respective total
content, mean +/- SEM) and were only localized in endocrine cells. Vasoactive
intestinal polypeptide-, substance P-, and bombesinlike peptides were virtually
restricted to the nonepithelial layers (99.6 +/- 0.2%, 99.6 +/- 0.2%, and 100%)
and were demonstrated exclusively in nerves. A particularly rich vasoactive
intestinal polypeptide- and substance P-immunoreactive nerve supply was seen in
the nonepithelial mucosa, which contained the highest concentrations of these
peptides, while bombesin was mainly recovered from the external muscle (87.7 +/-
2.7%). Somatostatin, measured with an antiserum highly specific for
somatostatin-14, was found throughout the wall, mainly in the epithelium (39.9
+/- 5.2%) and lamina propria (29.5 +/- 5.9%), but could be immunostained only in
endocrine cells
Intramural distribution of regulatory peptides in the human stomach and duodenum.
No full textThe distribution of regulatory peptides was studied by radioimmunoassay in the
separated mucosa, submucosa and muscularis externa of the human oxyntic stomach,
antrum and duodenum. Immunoreactive gastrin, secretin, gastric inhibitory
polypeptide and motilin were virtually confined to the mucosa and duodenal
submucosa, where endocrine cells are present. Only minor amounts of motilin and
gastrin (3.2 +/- 0.5% and 4.3 +/- 0.8% of their total content, means + SEM,
respectively) were found in the separated duodenal muscle. Somatostatin-,
vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, substance P-, and mammalian bombesin-like
peptides showed distinct differential distributions in all layers. Substance P
was low in the stomach and markedly increased in the duodenum, especially in the
mucosa (fundus 0.8 +/- 0.2 pmol/g, duodenum 66 +/- 12). Vasoactive intestinal
polypeptide and somatostatin, although well represented in the stomach, also
increased in the duodenum in all layers of the wall (whole fundus 281 +/- 33 and
334 +/- 46 pmol/g, antrum 124 +/- 18 and 426 +/- 59, duodenum 507 +/- 99 and 1816
+/- 149, respectively). Mammalian bombesin immunoreactivity was comparatively
abundant in the oxyntic stomach (mucosa 34 +/- 4.5 pmol/g, muscularis externa 29
+/- 4.8), less so in the antrum (6.3 +/- 1.5 and 11 +/- 3.2 pmol/g,
respectively). Low concentrations of this peptide were measured in the duodenum,
practically confined to the muscle (this layer 5.1 +/- 1.5 pmol/g, or 83 +/- 5.6%
of the total content)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Leptin protects mice from starvation-induced lymphoid atrophy and increases thymic cellularity in ob/ob mice.
Full text linkPublished versio
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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