1,721,005 research outputs found
Financial Intermediation and Monetary Policy Transmission in EMEs: What has Changed Since the 2008 Crisis?
No full textIn contrast to the benign neglect of the financial system in traditional monetary models, there has been growing evidence in recent years that the size and the structure of financial intermediation play a critical role in the transmission of monetary policy. This paper reviews the implications of three key post-2008 crisis developments in financial intermediation—the role of banks, the globalization of debt markets and the sustained decline in global long-term interest rates—for various transmission channels of monetary policy in EMEs. The paper argues that the globalization of debt markets means that monetary policy can no longer be conducted through the short-term interest rate alone. This raises questions about the appropriate instruments to be used for economic stabilization in this new environment
Indian Economy During the Era of Quantitative Easing: A Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Perspective
No full textThe effect of external Quantitative Easing (QE) on a small open economy like India is analyzed using a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model. The modeling is motivated by some broad empirical regularities of the Indian economy during the pre and post-QE periods . QE is modeled as a negative shock to the short term foreign policy rate with a mean reverting pattern. The mean reversion reflects the phasing out of the QE operation. In addition, we analyze the “news” effect of the tapering out phase of QE. Our model has standard real and nominal frictions as in any New Keynesian model. Monetary policy is modeled by the forward looking inflation targeting Taylor rule . We show that the impact and news effects of QE work through this terms of trade via the uncovered interest parity condition. Using our DSGE model, we also compare the effect of a QE shock with a domestic fiscal spending shock. The model impulse response functions qualitatively support some key empirical regularities of the Indian economy during the QE era
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Transitional Dynamics in a Growth Model with Distributive Politics
Get PDFThis paper constructs a heterogenous agent model of endogenous distribution and growth. When the labor leisure choice of agents is exogenous, the factor holding ratios of households converges to a mass point that is independent of the initial distribution of capital in the steady state. There is complete equality and every household?s preferred tax rate equals the growth maximizing tax rate. There is no distributive conflict in the long run. When the labor leisure choice of households is endogenous, there is also complete convergence in the factor holding ratios of agents in the steady state. However, the tax rate under majority voting is less than the growth maximizing tax rate which leads to distributive conflict in the long run. These results extend the model of endogenous distribution and growth in Das and Ghate (2004) in two ways. First, we assess the impact of redistributive politics on growth by looking at the effect of income inequality on the tax rate and labor supply. Second, the model is solved using a more empirically plausible specification of the government budget constraint in which households vote over the tax rate on capital income instead of a tax on wealth. The general insight gained from the analysis is that characterizing the transitional dynamics in a model of redistributive politics and growth is not an intractable proposition
The Politics of Endogenous Growth
No full textIs it politically feasible for governments to engineer endogenous growth? This paper illustrates two reasonable political decision mechanisms by which fiscal policy generates endogenous growth with a single accumulable factor, and a constant returns to scale production technology without production externalities. In the first mechanism, policies are chosen by the government to maximize constituent support by raising aggregate income. In the second mechanism, policies are determined in a voting equilibrium where agents are concerned only with their own incomes. We demonstrate that policies that target aggregates generate balanced growth and are Pareto optimal. Policies chosen by the median voter also produce balanced growth, but result in public investment 50 percent below the socially optimal level. However, we identify a plausible restriction under which median voting replicates the socially optimal level. This shows that both mechanisms are linked through their effects on asset distribution.
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