1,720,963 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Functional analysis of IRF6 and SPECC1L in zebrafish models of orofacial cleft
No full textBackground Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) is the most frequent craniofacial malformation affecting 1 in 700 births. Children born with CL/P have to undergo multiple staged procedures early in their lifetime and may suffer from severe functional sequelae. Surgery remains their only therapeutic option. CL/P can be caused by perturbation of cranial neural crest cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis in early embryogenesis. Environmental and genetic factors can cause CL/P. We investigated the genetic and developmental basis of craniofacial morphogenesis with the goal to find new therapeutic and potentially preventive measures to mitigate cleft phenotypes. This thesis focused on the functional analysis of IRF6 and SPECC1L, two genes involved in syndromic and nonsyndromic CL/P and oblique facial cleft, respectively.
We used the zebrafish to study gene function in vivo, as this versatile vertebrate animal model allows us to easily manipulate and follow craniofacial developmental processes in real time.
Methods and Results In manuscript 1, we showed that zebrafish and amniote lip/primary palate formation is analogous by fusion of the paired maxillary prominences (MXPs) and the frontonasal prominence (FNP). We suggested that the V-shaped fusion seam between FNP and MXP is analogous to the Y-shaped fusion seam found in humans. Further, we showed that cleft malformation is conserved in zebrafish by creating a dominant negative transgenic line harboring a known human mutation of IRF6 (R84C). Moreover, we described palate extension in detail as a process of morphological change, intercalation, proliferation and integration of cells and showed that wnt9a and irf6 are required for extension and integration, respectively.
In manuscript 2, we described the lineage-tracing method that was used to determine analogy of palate formation between amniotes and zebrafish. We described selection and mounting of embryos, as well as imaging software settings. The three aspects of the protocol (mounting, imaging, software) have wide application, as every part can be used as a guide to confocal microscopy of any tissue.
Manuscript 3 took advantage of knowledge gained in manuscripts 1 and 2.
We investigated SPECC1L, the first gene implicated in ObFC. We showed that specc1lb is the zebrafish ortholog (conserved function) of human SPECC1L and showed expression in epithelia surrounding chondrocytes. We proposed that specc1lb is required for convergence of facial prominences and integration of the FNP and MXPs. In our analysis, migration to pharyngeal arches was not perturbed, although CNCCs contributing to the mandibular prominence failed to form the mandible, and anterior CNCCs did not converge to contribute to their respective facial prominences (FNP, MXP).
Discussion and Conclusions IRF6 has been studied extensively. However, gene expression in different cell types, function of regulatory elements and the irf6 signaling pathways remain to be elucidated.
In order to assess irf6 expression and activity in detail, we are currently working on identifying the irf6 promoter region, as well as regulatory elements upstream of irf6. In addition to investigating the gain of function dominant negative irf6 phenotype described in manuscript 1, we have created CRISPR knockout lines to assess the loss of function genotype. We hope that a combination of stable transgenic lines with irf6 gene expression pattern, as well as irf6 CRISPR lines, will allow us to study gene function and perform genetic and chemical screens to find substrates that can mitigate cleft phenotypes. Although SPECC1L MO knockdown phenotypes in manuscript 3 did not show perturbation of CNCC migration, CRISPR lines that are currently growing up may show NCC migration and delamination defects that were not uncovered by MO. Recent evidence from Co-Immunoprecipitation with a custom made anti-specc1l antibody followed by mass spectrometry provide evidence in support of our hypothesis that SPECC1L plays a role in directional migration during NCC movement. It is possible that SPECC1L is part of cell-cell and cell-ECM junctions, as well as actin and microtubulemembrane junctions to transduce and maybe potentiate mechano-sensitive signals.
Further, it may be able to change the conformation of cell-cell and cell-ECM contacts as well as the actin/ myosin skeleton in response to signals from neighboring cells, the ECM, primary cilia and lamellipodia.
SPECC1L high-throughput screens of potential SPECC1L interactors in the zebrafish animal model will elucidate which regulatory elements of cell movement associate with SPECC1L.
Finally, transgenic irf6 and specc1l zebrafish lines will be used to analyze if the two genes act in the same regulatory gene network.
Potentially, a connection between pathways leading to more or less severe forms of cleft can be made.Hintergrund Lippen-, Kiefer-,Gaumensegelspalten (LKGS) sind die häufigsten kraniofazialen Fehlbildungen und betreffen eines aus 700 bis 1000 Geburten. Chirurgie ist momentan die einzige therapeutische Option für diese Patienten. Unser Labor untersucht den genetischen Hintergrund kraniofazialer Entwicklung, mit dem Ziel, neue therapeutische und potenziell vorbeugende Maßnahmen zur Therapie und Prävention von LKGS zu finden. Dieses Dissertationsprojekt hat die zwei LKGS Gene IRF6 und SPECC1L untersucht. Wir haben die Gen-Funktion in vivo im Zebrafisch Tiermodell untersucht. Methoden und Ergebnisse In Manuskript 1 zeigten wir, dass die Bildung des Gaumens zwischen dem Zebrafisch und Menschen analog durch Fusion der Oberkieferwülste mit dem medialen Nasenwulst erfolgt. Wir schlugen vor, dass die V-förmige Fusionsnaht zwischen dem medialen Nasenwulst und dem Oberkieferwulst der Y-förmigen Fusionsnaht beim Menschen entspricht. Weiterhin beschrieben wir, dass Spaltfehlbildungen im Zebrafisch konserviert sind, indem wir eine bekannte LKGS Mutation im Menschen im Zebrafisch erzeugten (Tg: IRF6 R84C). Außerdem untersuchten wir die Entwicklung des Gaumens im Zebrafisch im Detail und zeigten, dass wnt9a für die Proliferation der Zellen und irf6 für die Fusion der Zellen erforderlich ist. In Manuskript 2 besprachen wir die Methode, welche verwendet wurde, um die Entwicklung des Gaumens im Zebrafisch in vivo zu beobachten. In Manuskript 3 analysierten wir SPECC1L, das erste Gen, welches nachweislich in komplexen schrägen Gesichtsspalten mutiert ist. Wir zeigten, dass specc1lb die Zebrafisch-Form des menschlichen SPECC1L ist und zeigten Expression im Epithel rund um Knorpelzellen des Gaumens. Wir schlugen vor, dass specc1lb für die Konvergenz der Gesichtswülste erforderlich ist. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerungen Um die Aktivität von IRF6 im Detail zu untersuchen, versuchen wir derzeit die Region des IRF6 Promoters zu identifizieren. Außerdem prüfen wir, ob regulatorische Elemente vor IRF6 im Zebrafisch konserviert sind. Zusätzlich haben wir CRISPR Knockout-Linien erstellt, um zu untersuchen was passiert, wenn die irf6 Gen Funktion komplett verloren geht. Wir hoffen, dass eine Kombination von transgenen Zebrafisch-Linien mit irf6 Gen-Expressionsmuster sowie IRF6 Knockout-Phänotypen uns erlauben wird, genetische und chemische Screenings durchzuführen, um Substanzen zu finden, die den LKGS Phänotypen verhindern oder verstärken. Obwohl SPECC1L MO Phänotypen in Manuskript 3 keine Störungen der Wanderung von Neuralleisten Zellen zeigt, könnten CRISPR Knockout-Linien, die derzeit heranwachsen, Migrationsstörungen zeigen. Neuere Erkenntnisse aus Co-Immunpräzipitation mit einem maßgeschneiderten anti-specc1l Antikörper, gefolgt von Massenspektrometrie bieten Hinweise, dass SPECC1L in gezielter Migration von Zellen eine Rolle spielt. Es ist möglich, dass SPECC1L Teil von Zell-Zell und Zell- Extrazellulärmatrix Übergängen ist. Ausserdem bindet SPECC1L Aktin und Mikrotubuli und könnte mechanosensitive Signale transduzieren. Zusätzlich könnte es die Konformation von Zell-Zell-und Zell-Extrazellulärmatrix Übergängen sowie das Aktin/ Myosin-Skelett in Reaktion auf Signale von benachbarten Zellen, Extrazellulärmatrix, primären Zilien und Lamellipodien ändern.
Ein Screening von potenziellen Molekülen, die mit SPECC1L interagieren, wird zeigen, welche regulatorische Elemente in der Zelle von SPECC1L beeinflusst werden. Schlussendlich werden wir irf6- und specc1l transgene Zebrafischlinien verwenden, um zu analysieren, ob die beiden Gene in der Entwicklung des Gaumens und LKGS zusammenwirken. Potentiell kann eine Verbindung zwischen beiden Genen hergestellt werden, was Unterschiede im Schweregrad zwischen LKGS erklären könnte.submitted by Lisa GfrererAbweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersWien, Med. Univ., Diss., 2015OeBB(VLID)171533
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