255 research outputs found
Influence of salinity on the coupled ocean-atmosphere dynamics of the tropical Atlantic Ocean
No full textL'océan Atlantique tropical présente une salinité de surface très contrastée, avec notamment une faible salinité de surface dans l'ouest et le centre du bassin. Cette faible salinité est due à d'importants apports d'eau douce provenant de fortes précipitations dans la zone de convergence intertropicale et de grands fleuves tels que l'Amazone, l'Orénoque et le Congo. Il en résulte une forte stratification en sel qui peut influencer le mélange vertical, et donc la température de surface de la mer et les flux air-mer. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier l'influence de la salinité - et en particulier de la forte stratification en sel - sur le climat de l'océan Atlantique tropical. Pour ce faire, un modèle couplé océan-atmosphère au 1/4° de la région est développé, utilisant NEMO comme composante océanique, WRF comme composante atmosphérique et OASIS comme coupleur. L'utilisation d'un modèle couplé océan-atmosphère permet de prendre en compte toutes les interactions air-mer et les processus de rétroaction, dont l'impact sur le climat régional a déjà été mis en évidence et qui sont au cœur de cette étude. Une série de tests de sensibilité a ensuite été menée avec ce modèle, afin d'évaluer l'impact de processus de plus en plus fins. Tout d'abord, l'impact de la stratification en sel totale sur la température de surface de la mer et sur les flux air-mer est évalué en la retirant du modèle. Ensuite, les fleuves Amazone et Orénoque, contributeurs majeurs à la stratification en sel dans l'Atlantique tropical, sont retirés du modèle. La variabilité interannuelle du débit des fleuves est ensuite étudiée pour quantifier l'impact des crues extrêmes de l'Amazone. Enfin, l'expérience sans stratification en sel est menée dans un climat futur, où plusieurs des variables clés identifiées dans le climat actuel sont très distinctes de leur état actuel, permettant une compréhension plus profonde des processus en jeu. De ces tests de sensibilité se dégage un mécanisme dans l'Atlantique tropical nord-ouest en été, similaire quelle que soit la force de la stratification en sel. La présence de la stratification en sel diminue le refroidissement par mélange vertical, ce qui entraîne une augmentation de la température de surface de la mer. Ce réchauffement est ensuite modéré par une rétroaction négative de l'atmosphère : la réponse océanique est atténuée par le biais d'une diminution du flux thermique, qui est principalement due à une augmentation de la perte de chaleur latente, mais aussi à une réduction du rayonnement solaire atteignant la surface de l'océan, en lien avec une augmentation de la convection profonde et de la couverture nuageuse et des précipitations associées. Le changement de température final est déterminé par l'équilibre entre le réchauffement dû au mélange vertical et le refroidissement dû à la rétroaction atmosphérique, les deux dépendant du type de test de sensibilité. Cependant, le changement de température de surface de la mer résultant est toujours relativement faible (0,5°C au maximum). En hiver, les impacts de la stratification en sel sont beaucoup plus faibles, probablement en raison d'une couche mélangée plus profonde en cette saison. Des changements de température de surface de la mer sont finalement observés dans la région de la langue d'eau froide, liés à des modifications de la profondeur de la thermocline. Des variations de température en subsurface sont présentes tout au long de l'année, mais la saisonnalité de l'apparition de l'upwelling détermine le moment où les changements de température apparaissent à la surface. Dans cette thèse, l'impact de la stratification en sel sur le climat moyen de l'Atlantique tropical est étudié, mais le modèle développé ici pourrait être adapté pour étudier l'impact de la stratification en sel sur les cyclones. En effet, le panache de l'Amazone est traversé par de nombreux cyclones tropicaux, et l'impact de la stratification en sel qui lui est associée reste controversé.The tropical Atlantic Ocean has a highly contrasted surface salinity, with low surface salinity in the western and central parts of the basin. This low salinity is due to an important freshwater supply from large rivers such as the Amazon, Orinoco and Congo, and from heavy precipitation in the intertropical convergence zone. This results in a strong salinity stratification that may influence the vertical mixing, and thus the sea surface temperature (SST) and air-sea fluxes. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the influence of salinity - and especially the strong salinity stratification - on the tropical Atlantic Ocean climate. To do so, a 1/4° coupled ocean–atmosphere model of the region is developed, using NEMO as the ocean component, WRF as the atmospheric component and OASIS as the coupler. The use of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model allows to take into account all the air-sea interactions and feedback processes, which have been shown to impact the regional climate and are at the heart of this study. A series of sensitivity experiments is then conducted with this model, in order to assess the impact of increasingly detailed processes. First, the impact of the total salinity stratification on SST and air-sea fluxes is assessed by removing it from the model. Then, the Amazon and Orinoco rivers, major contributors to salinity stratification in the tropical Atlantic, are removed from the model. Interannual variability of river discharge is then studied to quantify the impact of Amazon extreme floods. Finally, the experiment without salinity stratification is conducted in a future climate, where several of the key variables identified in the present climate are very distinct from their present state, allowing a deeper understanding of the processes at stake. From these sensitivity tests, a consistent mechanism emerges in the northwestern tropical Atlantic in summer. The presence of salinity stratification decreases the cooling by vertical mixing, which leads to an increase in SST. This warming is then damped by a negative feedback from the atmosphere: the oceanic response is mitigated by a decrease in net heat flux. This decrease in net heat flux is primarily due to an increase in latent heat loss, but also to a reduction in shortwave radiation reaching the ocean surface, related to an increase in deep convection and associated cloud cover and precipitation. The final change in SST is determined by the balance between the warming due to the vertical mixing and the cooling due to the atmospheric feedback, both depending on the sensitivity test. However, the resulting SST change is always relatively small (0.5°C maximum). In winter, the impacts of salinity stratification are much weaker, most probably because of a deeper mixed layer at this time. SST changes are finally observed in the cold tongue region, related to changes in the thermocline depth. Subsurface temperature changes are present throughout the year, but the seasonality of upwelling occurrence dictates the timing of SST changes. In this thesis, the impact of salinity stratification on the mean tropical Atlantic climate is studied, but the model developed here could be adapted to study the impact of salinity stratification on the cyclones. Indeed, the Amazon plume is crossed by numerous tropical cyclones, and the impact of its associated salinity stratification remains controversial
Languages and Worldview
No full textThis work was created as part of the University of Missouri’s Affordable and Open Access Educational Resources Initiative (https://www.umsystem.edu/ums/aa/oer).I. Language and Culture: Concepts and DefinitionsII. Conveying MeaningIII. The Ethnolinguistic PerspectiveIV. Language, Worldviews, and Intercultural CommunicationAsks and answers questions about what culture entails and examines the fundamental properties and intertwining nature of language and culture. This text explores linguistic relativity, lexical differences among languages and intercultural communication, including high and low contexts.Changes to a variety of OER works were made by Manon Allard-Kropp in the Department of Language and Cultural Studies to tailor the text to fit the needs of the Languages and World View course at the University of Missouri-St. Louis. Materials from the original sources have been combined, reorganized, and added to by the current author, and any conceptual or typographical errors are the responsibility of the current author
Comparative Study of Jule Massenet's Manon and Giacomo Puccini's Manon Lescaut
No full text본 논문에서는 아베 프레보 (Abbe´ Pre´vost, 1697-1763)의 소설 “마농 레스코와 기사 데 그리외의 이야기(L'histoire du chevalier des Grieux et de Manon Lescaut,1731)”는 많은 대중들에게 인기를 얻었고, 시대를 뛰어넘어 작곡가들에게 오페라 소재로 선택되어졌다. 특히, 쥘 마스네(Jule Massenet, 1842-1912)의 오페라 「마농」(Manon)과 지아코모 푸치니(Giacomo Puccini, 1858-1924)의 오페라 「마농 레스코」(Manon Lescaut)는 대표적으로 지금까지 대중에게 많은 사랑을 받고 있다.
본 논문에서는 19세기 후반 프랑스와 이탈리아의 당시 유행했던 오페라 양식과 음악어법이 잘 나타난 이 두 작품을 통하여 하나의 소재에 의해 각기 다른 대본가와 작곡가의 성향에 따라 창조되어진 오페라의 구성, 줄거리 및 각 등장인물의 차이점에 대해 연구하였고, 피날레 부분의 이중창을 중심으로 선율, 화성, 리듬, 템포 등의 측면에서 분석하여 두 작곡가의 음악적 스타일을 비교 연구하였다.
마스네는 전체를 5막으로, 푸치니는 4막으로 구성하였다. 두 작품 모두 1막의 배경과 내용면에 있어 공통되지만 마스네의 작품 제 2막, 3막, 4막의 배경과 푸치니의 작품 제 2막, 3막에서 배경과 시간 흐름에 있어 전개의 차이점을 보였다. 두 작품의 비극적 결말을 맺는 피날레 이중창부분에 있어 마스네의 선율은 가사에 비중을 두어 프랑스어의 뉘앙스를 살린 낭송조의 선율로 나타내 말하는 듯한 표현을 대체로 짧은 악구로 형성하였고, 반주부는 장면과 감정을 묘사하는 방식으로 표현되었다. 반면 푸치니의 성악 선율은 음악에 더 비중을 두어 선율의 악구가 길고 성악 선율이 반주부에 포함된 부분이 많이 보였다. 또한 감정을 극대화 하기위해 대체로 음역이 넓고 풍부한 화성을 사용하여 마스네보다는 극의 긴장감이 더 느껴졌다.
이와 같이 하나의 원작을 가지고 각기 다른 대본가와 작곡가에 의해 새롭게 창조된 두 오페라를 통해 19세기 프랑스와 이탈리아의 시대적 배경과 음악어법에 따라 표현되어진 방법의 차이점을 알 수 있었다.;It was in 1731 that the French author Abbe´ Pre´vost (1697-1763) published "Histoire du Chevalier des Grieux et de Manon Lescaut." The work enjoyed much popularity among the public, and inspired various composers to write operas based on the novel. Especially, Manon by Jule Massenet (1842-1912) and Manon Lescaut by Giacomo Puccini (1858-1924) are considered representative works among such, and are dearly loved by the opera fans to this day.
In this research, the two works, which incorporate the opera forms and styles common in the late nineteenth-century France and Italy, are analyzed and compared. Although based on the same original novel, the two operas are constructed uniquely by different librettists and composers. The musical characteristics of the two composers are compared through the analysis of the musical structures, plots, and main characters of the two operas as well as the melody, harmony, rhythm, and tempo in the duet finales.
In terms of structure, Massenet's Manon consists of five acts, and Puccini's Manon Lescaut consists of four. They share a common scene and plot in the first act; however, Massenet's second, third, and fourth act differ from Puccini's second and third act in time featured and backgrounds. In Massenet's duet finale of tragic ending, melody places emphasis on the text; Massenet uses parlando style well-suited to the French language, and short motifs for the speech-like expressions; the accompaniment describes the scene and the emotions. However, in Puccini's, vocal melody places more emphasis on the music; the phrases in the melody tend to be long; the vocal melody is often included in the accompaniment. Puccini also uses rich harmony, wide in range, in order to dramatize the emotions, thus creating more dramatic tension than Massenet in his work.
Therefore, by examining the two operas based on the same novel, but recreated by different librettists and composers, the contrasting qualities of the historical background and the musical idioms of the nineteenth-century France and Italy are portrayed and brought out.Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 = 3
A. 19세기 프랑스 오페라와 이탈리아 오페라 = 3
B. J. Massenet 와 G. Puccini의 음악 = 12
Ⅲ. J. Massenet 의 오페라 「마농」과 G. Puccini 의 오페라 「마농 레스코」 에 관한 연구 = 23
A. 작품 개요 및 줄거리 = 23
B. 오페라 구성 = 33
C. 소설 “마농 레스코와 기사 데 그리외의 이야기” 와 비교 = 36
Ⅳ. 피날레 이중창을 통한 두 작품의 비교 = 44
A. 마스네「마농」과 푸치니「마농 레스코」의 이중창 분석 = 44
B. 이중창 비교 = 88
Ⅴ. 결론 = 90
참고문헌 = 93
ABSTRACT = 9
« Dans le métro, on n’est pas lesbiennes ». Rendre compte des violences lesbophobes dans les transports par un documentaire : Visibles
No full textDans le documentaire Visibles, coréalisé en 2022 par Manon Marguerit et Félix Cardoso, huit couples de lesbiennes évoquent les violences qu’elles subissent dans les transports en commun franciliens. Dans son article, l’autrice revient sur les conditions de production du documentaire et sur les choix de mise en scène. Ces éléments apportent un éclairage nouveau sur la façon dont les transports en commun intensifient les violences lesbophobes. Par des entretiens et des itinéraires filmés, les transports sont donnés à voir comme des espaces d’enfermement qui favorisent les « stigmatisations verbales » à l’égard des lesbiennes. Ils apparaissent également comme un espace où se déploie leur agentivité : les couples produisent une performance de visibilité que le documentaire restitue dans le contexte d’une mise en scène autour de la notion d’autonomisation.In the documentary Visibles, co-directed in 2022 by Manon Marguerit and Félix Cardoso, eight lesbian couples talk about the violence they experience in public transport in the Paris region. In her paper, the author, looks back at the documentary’s production conditions and directorial choices. Those elements shed a new light on the way public transport intensifies lesbophobic violence. Through interviews and filmed itineraries, transport is depicted as a closed-in space that reinforces « verbal stigmatization » towards Lesbians. They also appear as a space where their agentivity is deployed. The documentary portrays the couples’s performance of visibility in a setting based on the notion of empowerment.En el documental Visibles, codirigido en 2022 por Manon Marguerit y Félix Cardoso, ocho parejas de lesbianas hablan de la violencia que viven en el transporte público de la región de Isla de Francia. En su artículo, la autora analiza las condiciones de producción del documental y las elecciones de puesta en escena. Estos elementos arrojan nueva luz sobre la forma en que el transporte público intensifica la violencia lesbofóbica. A través de entrevistas e itinerarios filmados, los transportes se muestran como espacios de encierro que promueven la « estigmatización verbal » contra las lesbianas. También aparecen como un espacio donde se despliega su agentividad : las parejas producen un espectáculo de visibilidad que el documental restituye en el contexto de una puesta en escena en torno a la noción de autonomización
A Framework for Indoor Localization Using the Magnetic Field
No full textIn this work, our focus is on indoor localization using the indoor magnetic field as a source of position information. This relies on the fact that ferromagnetic materials inside buildings cause the magnetic field to vary spatially. We jointly estimate the pose of a combined sensor module (containing a magnetometer) as well as the magnetic field map. We show that our previously developed algorithm for magnetic field-based simultaneous localization and mapping can be adapted and extended into a general framework where a multitude of measurements can be included. We exemplify this using a foot-mounted inertial measurement unit where we additionally assume the availability of range measurements.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Team Manon Ko
100 Questions About Women and Politics
No full textBook review by Erin Tolley of 100 Questions About Women and Politics, author Manon Tremblay
The Black Londoner Experience: Exploring Black Life through Records of the Court, 1720-1840
No full textBlack Londoners have lived in the city for centuries. This collection brings 10 Black London lives together in an accessible volume to share the diversity of their experiences in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries with new readers.
Drawing on the records of the Old Bailey criminal courthouse, these ten carefully selected trials have been chosen to show some of the breadth of Black experience in London during the age of enslavement (c. 1720-1840). The volume includes Black victims, witnesses, and defendants; men, women, and children; sailors, servants, and entertainers; locals, immigrants, and visitors. Some were treated well by the justice system, and others were met with cruelty. Each had their own experience.
While the volume contains details of crime and conflict, crime is not the sole focus. The sources also give us glimpses into the daily lives of these Black individuals as they interacted with the city and its inhabitants. We learn where these Black people spent their time, with whom, doing what, and sometimes even what they had in their pockets.
Each of the ten cases has been accessibly formatted for classroom use or personal study, and features illustrations by Manon Wright. The sources are arranged like plays, making them easy to read aloud as a means of better understanding the theatre of the courtroom and the power dynamics at play. Dr Crymble offers notes and reflections on tricky or foreign concepts in each case, as well as issues that he has noted through experience that students often misinterpret by making modern assumptions about the past.
John Humphreys, 1727
John Cross, 1749
Elizabeth Gift, 1755
Esther Allingham, 1782
John Thomas, 1786
James Wallis, 1801
Dolby Jackson, 1808
Thomas Johnson, 1818
'The Busker' 1831
Louis James Grant, 1840
For serious scholars of Black experience in 18th/19th century London criminal records, the author also recommends the following works:
Tim Hitchcock, Robert Shoemaker, Clive Emsley, Sharon Howard, Jamie McLaughlin, et al, the Old Bailey Proceedings Online, 1674-1913 (www.oldbaileyonline.org, version 8, 2018.
Adam Crymble and Emma Azid, 'Black Lives, British Justice: Black People in London Criminal Justice Records, 1720-1841' Journal of Slavery and Data Preservation vol. 2, no 2. (2021): 1-11.
Kathleen Chater. Untold Histories: Black People in England and Wales during the Period of the British Slave Trade, c. 1660-1807 (Manchester, 2011).
Norma Myers, Reconstructing the Black Past (Frank Cass, 1996).
Marika Sherwood. ‘Blacks in the Gordon Riots’, History Today, vol. 47 (1997), 24-28
Magnetic field norm SLAM using Gaussian process regression in foot-mounted sensors
No full textWe propose an application of magnetic field norm simultaneous localisation and mapping to measurements from a foot-mounted sensor for pedestrian navigation. The algorithm is, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the first three dimensional drift-compensating indoor navigation method using only accelerometer, gyroscope and magnetometer measurements that does not rely on assumptions about the spatial structure of the indoor environment. We use a Rao-Blackwellized particle filter to simultaneously and recursively estimate the magnetic field norm map using reduced rank Gaussian process regression, and the position and orientation of the sensor. Our experiments demonstrate that our algorithm results in a drift-free position estimate using measurements collected from a foot-mounted sensor while walking around inside a hallway.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Team Manon Ko
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