57 research outputs found
Corruption - no rule of law - no democracy: could separately elected Attorneys General in a divided executive give Africa new hope? Experiences from the U. States of A
No full textThesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2008.A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Mr. Tilahun Teshome
in association with the Addis Ababa UniversityHistory has proven that, if freed from the grasp of the unitary executive, the
elected Attorney General flourishes as a lawyer for the law dedicated above all else to the "public interest." In light of these proven benefits, the pressing question becomes whether this tested design can help the people of Africa as they fight to reclaim their wayward governments. Might a popularly elected Attorney General steady the bridge so Africa can pass through to freedom and prosperity? More immediately,
does the divided executive with its elected attorney general represent a new hope for
Africa in combating corruption? The author takes a critical look at the evolution of the elected Attorney General and uses the role of the Attorney General in the United States of America as an example.
The author concludes that perhaps now is the time to start creating the history of Africa’s ultimate escape from the endless vestiges of colonialism still embedded in the unitary executive. Maybe now is the time for the peoples of Africa to borrow an idea from their American cousins and get their own lawyer!http://www.chr.up.ac.za/Centre for Human RightsLL
Genetic identification of cultivars and marker analysis in olives (Olea europaea L.) / Genet Teshome Mekuria.
No full textIncludes copies of articles co-authored by the author during the preparation of this thesis at back of thesis.Bibliography: leaves 130-144.vii, 146 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Horticulture, Viticulture and Oenology, Waite Agricultural Research Institute, 200
Model Uncertainty of Non-Linear Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beams without Shear Reinforcement: Examining the Effect of Modelling Strategies and Modes of Failure
No full textThe aim of this thesis project is to investigate the model uncertainty of non-linear finite element analysis of reinforced concrete structures at ultimate limit state by focusing on concrete cracking model, concrete-reinforcement interaction model and mesh size. Following this, eight finite element modelling strategies are developed and 67 benchmark experiments on reinforced concrete beams without shear reinforcement are analysed.The measure of model uncertainty is using the ratio of experimental to numerical failure load and comparing predicted and experimental failure behaviour. A ratio that deviates form 1 indicates high model uncertainty with values <1 representing non-conservative predictions and values >1 representing conservative predictions.The eight modelling strategies are categorized into three groups. The first group is used to select shear retention model for the fixed crack concept and to study the behaviour of fixed and rotating crack concepts in combination with embedded reinforcement. The damage based and aggregate-size based shear retention models are investigated resulting in a mean model uncertainty ratio of 0.86 and 0.82 respectively. This indicates that on average both predict higher ultimate capacity when compared to experimental results with the aggregate size based shear retention model exhibiting higher model uncertainty. The aggregate size based model is not capable of predicting shear and mixed failure types while the damage based predicted accurate failure modes. On the other hand, the rotating crack model with embedded reinforcement shows failure due to delamination of the concrete cover. Replacement of the perfectly bonded embedded reinforcement by reinforcement with bond-slip demonstrated to predict accurate failure modes.The second group has the fixed crack model with damage based shear retention model and embedded reinforcement, which is referred to as F-EB-2-D and rotating crack model with bond-slip reinforcement named R-BS-2. Both modelling strategies have 50mm mesh size and result in mean model uncertainty ratio of 1.11 and 1.06 respectively which implies that on average both give conservative predictions of the ultimate capacity with R-BS-2 showing a better prediction. Both modelling strategies give higher model uncertainty for experiments with shear failure with F-EB-2-D and R-BS-2 predicting accurate failure modes for 48% and 51% of the experiments respectively. The beams with reinforcement ratio of ≤ 0.6% showed on average less model uncertainty in F-EB-2-D and R-BS-2. The third group is made by refining the mesh size of F-EB-2-D and R-BS-2 from 50mm to 25mm in critical section of the beams to formulate the modelling strategies F-EB-3-D and R-BS-3 . 16 experiments are re-analysed using this group and a lowered mean model uncertainty ratio of 0.93 and 0.95 is obtained for F-EB-3-D and R-BS-3 respectively although this is slightly non-conservative with accurate predictions for 81% of the 16 experiments. The correlation between model uncertainty and numerical failure mechanism is made using a ductility index which is defined as the ratio of the plastic dissipated energy in the reinforcement and the system. However the ductility index should be used together with model uncertainty if it is verified that the correct equations are solved accurately in the finite element analysis.Civil Engineerin
Factors maintaining sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench) landrace diversity in North Shewa and South Welo regions of Ethiopia
No full textThesisThesis, Carleton University, 1996Thesis not IDRC supported; author received support for earlier RS
Book Review: Addis Ababa: the Evolution of an Urban African Cultural Landscape
No full textBook Title: Addis Ababa: the Evolution of an Urban African Cultural LandscapeBook Author: Ronald A. ReminickLewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 2010. ISBN 978-0-7734-1387-
Book Review: Addis Ababa: the Evolution of an Urban African Cultural Landscape
No full textTitle of the Book: Addis Ababa: the Evolution of an Urban African Cultural Landscape
Author: Reminick, Ronald A.
Publisher: The Edwin Mellen Press
Year of Publication: 201
Challenges and Opportunities of the National Election Board of Ethiopia Reform
No full textThis work is about Challenges and Opportunities of the National election Board of Ethiopian reform with critically pointing out the needs of the reform. Institutionalization, as part of the democratizing country with federal arrangement; as well as taking challenges and opportunities with the way critically point out the needs of the Reform as the central theme of this paper. In doing so, the article has addressed issues of challenges and opportunities of the reform. The writer has come to the conclusion that the reorganization of the board is lawfully referred to as an independent institution; in that it makes use of election process impartially, free, fair, periodic and universally accepted norms to implement in the full manner. Accordingly, to reach such a conclusion, the author has discussed some issues to reach the conclusion institutional reform is expected as time change. Among these; challenges, opportunities and the needs of the reform on the National Election Board of Ethiopia were well assessed. In order to achieve the objectives of this work desk review research approach was used for its appropriateness of managing and narrating facts, as well as investigating phenomena to reach to sound and constructive conclusion. Keywords: Challenges, Opportunities, Needs of Reform, Election Board of Ethiopia DOI: 10.7176/IAGS/95-01 Publication date:June 30th 2022
Improving Sorghum Biomass and Productivity through Application of Moringa Leaf Juice
No full textGlobally, fourteen types of Moringa species are discovered. Among these species Moringaoleifera and Moringastenopetala potentially use for nutritional purpose, medicinal and feed values. In addition to these, Moringa leaf juice is being use in the form of a foliar spray that causes the plants to be stronger, more resistant to pests and disease and enhances plant growth. Plants treated with Moringa juice spray produce more and larger fruit and consequently have higher yield. The study conducted at “Kewet” district, Shewa Robit site with the objective of evaluating the contribution of Moringa leaf juice on grain yield and biomass production of sorghum. The result indicated that there was no significant difference observed among treatments on grain yield. However, foliar spray of Moringaoleifera with fertilizer and Moringastenopetala with fertilizer was obtained 25% and 34% of grain yield advantage as compare to only chemical fertilization application. Hence, at Shewarobit condition, foliar spray of Moringa leaf juice is not recommended for sorghum grain yield production. However further study is required across different soil type and agro climatology
Assessment of Eucalyptus Globulus Coppice Yield in the Highland Areas of North Shewa, Ethiopia
No full textOne of the old traditional methods of silvicultural management is coppicing. Many woody species produce new shoots successfully after coppicing. Regeneration of forest through coppice can be used for short rotation of tree to produce wood biomass for construction and fuel purposes. There are different levels of coppice practiced in Eucalyptus globulus plantation in the highland areas of North Shewa. However, there was no evidence or study which coppice levels can give high yield. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare yield of E. globulus at different coppice level in the highland areas of North Shewa, Ethiopia. Fifty sampled plots were purposively selected for this study. Volume, mean annual increment, stump height and diameter, stem number and harvesting age were determined from sampled plots. The results revealed that there was no yield difference (p> 0.05) between zero, first, second and third coppice levels. However, stump diameter and number of shoots per stump, stump height were significantly different among 1, 2, 3 coppice levels (p<0.05). Number of shoots were positively correlated with stump diameter and height (r = 0.77, r = 0.72) respectively. Farmers mostly coppice E.globulus from November to December and from April to June. Although statistically there was no yield difference between coppice levels, as farmers described the first coppice has higher yield than other coppice levels. The numbers of shoots per stump were higher in the second and third coppice and this could affect stem quality especially at early stage. Altogether the mean number of stems per hectare was 10812 which is higher than previous studies. Therefore, early silvicultural activities like thinning, early coppice management and pruning has to be done to increase wood stem quality and to promote growth as well.
 
Maternal Health in Ethiopia: Global and Local Complexities
No full textabstract: WHO estimates that 830 women die every day due to maternal health complications. The disparities in maternal health are unevenly distributed between wealthy and poor nations. Ethiopia has one of the highest mortality rates in the world. Existing high maternal mortality rates worldwide and in Ethiopia indicate the shortcomings of maternal health interventions currently underway. Understanding the socio-cultural, economic and political factors that influence maternal health outcomes locally while simultaneously examining how global reproductive and development programs and policies shape and influence the reproductive needs and knowledge of women is important. Employing feminist and African indigenous methodologies, in this research I explore maternal health issues in Ethiopia in two of the largest regions of the nation, namely Oromia and Amhara, more specifically in Seden Sodo and Mecha districts. Using qualitative interviews and focus group discussions, I examined the various socio-cultural, political and economic factors that influence maternal health outcomes, assessing how gender, class, education, marriage and other social factors shape women's health outcomes of pregnancy and childbirth. I also explored how global and local development and reproductive health policies impact women's maternal health needs and how these needs are addressed in current implementation strategies of the Ethiopian health system. Recognizing women's social and collective existence in indigenous African communities and the new reproductive health paradigm post-ICPD, I addressed the role of men in maternal health experience. I argue that global and local development and reproductive policies and their implementation are complex. While comprehensive descriptions of national and maternal health policies on paper and gender-sensitive implementation strategies point toward the beginning of a favorable future in maternal health service provision, the global economic policies, population control ideas, modernization/development narratives that the nation employs that focus on biomedical solutions without due emphasis to socio-cultural aspects have a detrimental effect on maternal health services provision. I advocate for the need to understand and include social determinants in policies and implementation in addition to legal enforcement and biomedical solutions. I also argue for alternative perspectives on masculinities and the role of men in maternal health to improve maternal health service provision.Dissertation/ThesisDoctoral Dissertation Gender Studies 201
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