101,027 research outputs found
On hunger, transport costs and waiting time: a synthesis of challenges to ARV adherence in three African countries
No full textDataset for Rainfall interception and redistribution by a common North American understory and pasture forb, Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam. dogfennel)
Full text linkRaw data for Figures 3, 5, and 6 of related article, Gordon, D. A. R., Coenders-Gerrits, M., Sellers, B. A., Sadeghi, S. M. M., and Van Stan II, J. T.: Rainfall interception and redistribution by a common North American understory and pasture forb, Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam. dogfennel), Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4587–4599, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4587-2020.
Figure 3 shows rain amounts [mm] for individual storms and relative overstory throughfall [P_T,o, % of rain]. Figure 5 shows data points for the regressions relating throughfall and stemflow to storm magnitude. Figure 6 shows the normalized stemflow yields and funneling ratios for individual plants, ranked by normalized stemflow yield
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
3D Structural and Hydrogeological Modeling of Metsähovi Research Site
No full textDue to the extreme sensitivity of the superconductive gravimeter GWR T020, based at Metsähovi Research Center in Kirkkonummi, Southern Finland, various local meteorological and hydrological changes influence or disturb its measurements. This study is part of a large research project which aims to identify the contribution of the local hydrology at Metsähovi to these gravimeter measurements. For this purpose a study is made to investigate the geological structure of the subsurface and the hydrological properties of the stratigraphic layers. In order to perform numerical calculations a digital model is made using digital modeling software. A field investigation is performed consisting of: \u95 A literature study on hydro-geological setting in Southern Finland. \u95 An extensive fieldwork consisting of bore holes, field observations and various field measurements (among others GPS, GPR, slug tests and monitoring of soil moisture with soil sensors). \u95 Laboratory work to obtain necessary soil properties. Main property which was found is the grain size distribution. A large amount of data is gathered and processed in order to integrate the data into a structural model. A method is found to integrate a maximum amount of information into a model and by optimally using the understanding and knowledge of the geological setting. A model is constructed with several layers. The area can be characterized in two hydrogeological domains. One is the higher area where overburden is thin and only till covers the bedrock, the other is a lower area dominated by a low permeable silt and clay layer. The till is low permeable but is still found to infiltrate water considerably. The hydrological setting of Metsähovi is analyzed and theories of the hydrogeological processes which govern moisture changes in the area are investigated. Main focus is how these processes can be modeled with their governing laws and parameters. It is recommended to initially make a 1 dimensional model with software such as CoupManual.Engineering GeologyGeotechnologyCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Evaluating policy configurations for urban e-mobility transitions – A qualitative comparative analysis of urban e-mobility policies in 15 European and 15 US cities
No full textGoverning the transition towards fully Electric vehicles (EV’s) has been a major challenge for policymakers in Europe. Research on EV adoption predominantly has been focusing on single policy measures on one particular policy level (e.g., the na-tional or the local level). However, latest research shows that adoption of EV’s may be realised in various ways, using different policy mixes at different levels (Held and Gerrits 2019). This configurational perspective holds that policy measures interact with contexts on various levels and rejects the idea that one fixed set of measures will always lead to the transition to EV. That is, EV policies that work in one local context, naturally won´t support EV uptake in a different one (e.g., in the case of Sweden: Egnér and Trosvik 2018). This understanding mirrors the systemic and in-terdependent nature of governing transitions in transport systems (Mattioli et al. 2020). For policymakers though, the challenge to implement policy measures that successfully promote EV uptake remains a wicked one. Prior research by Held and Gerrits (2019) has identified multiple pathways in 15 European cities. Two things have changed since then. Firstly, European governments have invested more heav-ily in promoting the adoption of EV. This may lead to different outcomes compared to the original research. Secondly, the transition appears to take off in the United States of America, too. Given the different circumstances compared to Europe, one would expect to find different solution pathways in the USA. Accordingly, we will answer the following research question: Which policy configurations promote the transition towards electric vehicles in Europe and the United States of America?
Our research approach is based on an earlier publication by Held and Gerrits (2019). In contrast to the original research approach, we apply an improved research model and use thoroughly updated empirical data. Essentially, we trace the causal complexity of transitions. That is, it accepts that there is continuous interaction between conditions in conjunction with different contexts (Gerrits and Verweij 2018). Such a perspective puts emphasis on the conjunctural or configurational understanding of causality in sociotechnological transitions (see e.g.,: Geels 2022). Consequently, a case is understood as a configuration of different conditions that is linked to an outcome.
We use Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) for the analysis of the data. Here, cities are considered as cases, that display a mix of policy measures on both the national (effect of fiscal incentives) and the local (non-financial incentives, strategy of infrastructure extension, sanctions on conventional car usage) level. A sample of 15 European cities and 15 cities from the US is used for systematically comparing policy configurations leading to a successful promotion of EV adoption.
Findings confirm that various, place-specific configurations of policy measures are more likely to support the transition. Instead of focusing on fine-tuned single poli-cies, such as financial incentives, policy approaches need to treat EV adoption in a holistic and dynamic way by properly linking incentives with deincentives. Thus, our results indicate the importance of complex causation when governing the EV transi-tion in the urban. For policymakers there is an important lesson: policy measures are interacting with place-specific conditions
Handwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
Full text linkIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
High-efficiency Bragg grating enhanced on-chip photon-number-resolving detectors
No full textThe recent trend towards integration of quantum optics experiments has produced a demand for on-chip single photon detectors with high quantum efficiencies. In previous work we demonstrated integrated photon number resolving detectors for use at telecommunications wavelengths [1], here we outline developments of this design which have enabled improvements in the quantum efficiency, permitting an on-chip detection efficiency of 92% to be obtained in the device of Fig. 1. ..
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