1,721,580 research outputs found
Gerichtete Evolution und mechanistische Studien von carbonylselektiven Alken-Oxygenasen und deren Anwendung in der asymmetrischen Synthese
No full textGergel S. Gerichtete Evolution und mechanistische Studien von carbonylselektiven Alken-Oxygenasen und deren Anwendung in der asymmetrischen Synthese. Bielefeld: Universität Bielefeld; 2021
Effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy in patients lacking decision making capacity: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBACKGROUND: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is provided for patients with severe and often life-threatening illness, who lack decision making capacity to consent to treatment (DMC-T) in clinical settings. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to summarize previous studies investigating clinical outcomes of ECT in patients lacking DMC-T. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting clinical outcomes of ECT in patients lacking DMC-T with any psychiatric diagnoses was conducted. The primary outcome was clinical improvement. Secondary outcomes were cognitive outcomes and six month readmission rate. Hedges' g and odds ratios were calculated using a random-effects model. The protocol was registered in Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/rxjkm). RESULTS: Of 3552 identified articles, 41 studies (n = 1299) were included. Approximately 80% of patients lacking DMC-T responded to ECT, and part of the patients regained capacity to consent and consented to further treatment with ECT. A total of seven studies (n = 1081) were included for meta-analysis. Patients without DMC-T showed superior clinical improvement and less cognitive side effects compared with those with DMC-T, whereas the groups did not show any difference in readmission rate. Several clinical characteristics at baseline and ECT techniques were significantly different between the groups. CONCLUSION: ECT is equally, if not superiorly, effective in patients lacking DMC-T compared to patients with DMC-T. ECT can potentially enhance patients' autonomy, without increasing the risk of cognitive side effects. These results support the clinical and ethical legitimacy of ECT provision for patients with the most severe illness who lack DMC-T at start of treatment.sponsorship: Takamiya A is supported by the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) under Grant Number JP21dm0307102h0003, and JSPS KAKENHI (Grant Number 21K20911 and 22K15756) . Gergel T is supported by the Wellcome Trust (grant number 203376/Z/16/Z) . Gather J is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (research group SALUS; grant number 01GP1792) . (Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)|JP21dm0307102h0003, JSPS KAKENHI|21K20911, JSPS KAKENHI|22K15756, Wellcome Trust|203376/Z/16/Z, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (research group SALUS)|01GP1792)status: Published onlin
Another Heavy Road of Decompositionality: Notes from a Dying Adverb
Full text linkThis contribution reports on a pilot case study conducted on historical corpus data from Old and Middle English (primarily Taylor et al. 2003, Kroch and Taylor 2000) and concerned with the ramifications of an ambiguous adverb (eft, ‘again’) at the syntax-semantics interface. The disappearance of the adverb is linked to the development of again’s partially similar functions during the Middle English period. Akin to studies on the adverb again (e.g. Fabricius-Hansen 2001, Gergel and Beck 2015, Beck and Gergel 2015), at least some instances of eft are claimed to require a particular type of analysis of so-called decompositional adverbs, namely one based on lexical rather than only on structural factors. Furthermore, the development shows characteristics of a cyclical development (cf. Jespersen 1917, van Gelderen 2011)
Water resources development: engineering the future of global health
Full text linkThis repository item contains a single issue of Issues in Brief, a series of policy briefs that began publishing in 2008 by the Boston University Frederick S. Pardee Center for the Study of the Longer-Range Future.Pardee 2012 Summer Graduate Fellow Diana R. Gergel argues that not enough attention is paid to the public health challenge of various water-borne diseases and their relationship to the engineering design of dams in developing countries. She explores the ways in which water resources development can be planned and executed to minimize the risk of spreading or worsening water-borne diseases in nearby communities. While water resources development in the form of irrigation systems, dams, and reservoirs is essential to sustainable development on the African continent, they profoundly alter water landscapes and the surrounding ecosystems, leading to the spread of water-borne diseases. She concludes with a number of feasible solutions to this problem by altering engineering design techniques to mitigate these diseases
Semantic and syntactic change of equis in Mexican Spanish
No full textIn this paper, we investigate the synchrony and diachrony of the linguistic item equis in Mexican Spanish. Its original use is the letter x which stands for some variable x. One function that appeared very recently is the discourse function according to which equis is used to refer to some utterance from the discourse which denotes a proposition and the speaker expresses his indifference whether this proposition is true or not, e.g. A: Es verdad. ‘It’s true.’ B: Equis! ‘I don’t care (whether it is true or not)’. We analyze the diachronic change of equis from a variable-use x into a discourse adverb as a shift of indifference over identities of entities into indifference over answers to questions under discussion. This semantic shift is syntactically expressed as a shift from nominal modifier into sentence modifier. We will argue that indifference is pragmatically derived in the case of variable use and is lexically encoded in the discourse use
Conference report: interdisciplinary workshop in the philosophy of medicine: parentalism and trust
No full textOn 13 June 2014, the Centre for the Humanities and Health at King's College London hosted a 1-day workshop on ‘parentalism and trust’. This workshop was the sixth in a series of workshops whose aim is to provide a new model for high-quality open interdisciplinary engagement between medical professionals and philosophers. This report briefly describes the workshop methodology and the discussions on the day
Should people with mental illness be able to commit themselves to future involuntary treatment?
Full text linkSelf-binding directives, which allow people with mental illness to dictate a compulsory treatment for themselves in the event of a future episode, could give them a degree of control and safety in decision making, say Tania Gergel and Allen Frances. But Arun Chopra and Theo Van Willigenburg argue that this takes advance planning too far and could worsen inequalities
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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