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Die Übersetzung und Validierung eines Instrumentes zur Erhebung der Einstellungen zur interprofessionellen Zusammenarbeit von angehenden und approbierten Ärztinnen und Apothekerinnen
No full textDiese Dissertation befasst sich mit der Übersetzung eines englischsprachigen Fragebogens und dessen statistischer Güte-Überprüfung und Bewertung als in Deutschland eingesetztem Erhebungsverfahren für Einstellungen zur interprofessionellen Zusammenarbeit von angehenden und approbierten Apothekerinnen und Ärztinnen. Dazu wird mit dem Scale of Attitudes toward Physician-Pharmacist Collaboration (SATP²C) ein bereits validierter Fragebogen zunächst ins Deutsche übersetzt und anschließend validiert. Neben der Überprüfung seiner Anwendbarkeit im deutschsprachigen Raum (psychometrische Gütekriterien) sollte, wenn möglich, untersucht werden, ob die Ergebnisse der Validierung mit den Originaldaten vergleichbar sind und welche Einstellungen die deutsche Stichprobe zur interprofessionellen Zusammenarbeit zeigt.
Der Originalfragebogen (Anhang 4) wurde mithilfe eines 10-schrittigen Übersetzungsprozesses (ISPOR) zunächst ins Deutsche übersetzt und für den Einsatz an einer deutschen Stichprobe angepasst. Im nächsten Schritt wurde der übersetzte Fragebogen an einer deutschen Stichprobe zu drei Erhebungszeiträumen im Jahr 2021 eingesetzt: über 1200 Studierende beider Fachbereiche (Medizin, Pharmazie) an der Philipps-Universität Marburg sowie eine unbekannte Anzahl Approbierter (Apothekerinnen, Ärztinnen) an den Kliniken UKGM, Kassel, Fulda und Herford wurden kontaktiert und zur Beantwortung aufgefordert.
Im Anschluss daran erfolgte die Datenanalyse, beginnend mit den deskriptiven Daten der Stichprobe und Antwortverteilung. Es folgen die Berechnungen von Cronbachs alpha sowie die Durchführung einer konfirmatorischen Faktorenanalyse.
Die deutsche Fragebogenversion beantworten insgesamt n = 315 Personen, davon n = 271 Studentinnen (Medizin und Pharmazie) sowie n = 44 Approbierte (Apothekerinnen und Ärztinnen). Die Berechnung von Cronbachs alpha ergibt eine gute interne Konsistenz als Reliabilitätswert für die Gesamtstichprobe (0,821) sowie Studierendengruppe (0,825) und akzeptable Werte für die Gruppe der Approbierten (0,793). Auf der Ebene der Konstruktvalidität jedoch konnte das in den Originaldaten identifizierte Drei-Faktorenmodell anhand der durchgeführten konfirmatorischen Faktorenanalyse nicht bestätigt werden: die Berechnungen zeigen allesamt inakzeptable Werte (Chi-Quadrat-Test χ2 = 678,9, p < 0,001; RMSEA [KI]=0,133 [0,123;0,142]; SRMR: 0,288; CFI: 0,482; TLI: 0,402).
Aufgrund der mehrheitlich nicht hinreichenden Übereinstimmung des untersuchten Faktorenmodells mit dem Datensatz der Validierungsstudie sowie einer darüber hinaus unzureichenden Inhaltsvalidität, die in der Diskussion ausführlich erläutert wird, wurden weitere statistische Verfahren – t-Tests mit Bonferroni-Korrektur – nicht durchgeführt.
In Zusammenschau der Ergebnisse ist festzustellen, dass der deutsche Fragebogen in der vorliegenden Form nicht geeignet ist, die Einstellungen zur interprofessionellen Zusammenarbeit von angehenden und approbierten Ärztinnen und Apothekerinnen im deutschsprachigen Raum zu erfassen. Zwar zeigt die deutsche Validierungsstichprobe insgesamt sehr hohe Zustimmungswerte zur interprofessionellen Zusammenarbeit, jedoch muss von einem Bias im Rahmen der Inhaltsvalidität (kultureller Bias, soziale Erwünschtheit, Akquieszenz, Tendenz zur Mitte, suggestiver Item-Charakter) und Reliabilität ausgegangen werden.
Folglich wäre die Entwicklung eines deutschsprachigen Fragebogens, der den deutschen rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen sowie der Praxis der Zusammenarbeit der Berufsgruppen besser Rechnung trägt, zu empfehlen.This dissertation deals with the translation of an English-language questionnaire and its statistical quality check and evaluation as a survey method used in Germany for attitudes towards interprofessional collaboration between trainee and licensed pharmacists and physicians. For this purpose, the Scale of Attitudes toward Physician-Pharmacist Collaboration (SATP²C), an already validated questionnaire, is first translated into German and then validated. In addition to checking its applicability in German-speaking countries (psychometric quality criteria), it should be investigated, if possible, whether the results of the validation are comparable with the original data and what attitudes the German sample shows towards interprofessional collaboration.
The original questionnaire (Appendix 4) was first translated into German using a 10-step translation process (ISPOR) and adapted for use with a German sample. In the next step, the translated questionnaire was used on a German sample at three survey periods in 2021: over 1,200 students from both faculties (medicine, pharmacy) at the Philipps University of Marburg and an unknown number of licensed practitioners (pharmacists, doctors) at the UKGM, Kassel, Fulda and Herford hospitals were contacted and asked to complete the questionnaire.
This was followed by the data analysis, starting with the descriptive data of the sample and response distribution. This was followed by the calculation of Cronbach's alpha and the implementation of a confirmatory factor analysis.
A total of n = 315 people responded to the German version of the questionnaire, of which n = 271 were students (pharmacy and medicine) and n = 44 were licensed practitioners (pharmacists and doctors). The calculation of Cronbach's alpha results in a good internal consistency as a reliability value for the total sample (0.821) and student group (0.825) and acceptable values for the group of practitioners (0.793). At the level of construct validity, however, the three-factor model identified in the original data could not be confirmed on the basis of the confirmatory factor analysis carried out: the calculations all show unacceptable values (Chi-square test χ2 = 678.9, p < 0.001; RMSEA [CI]=0.133 [0.123;0.142]; SRMR: 0.288; CFI: 0.482; TLI: 0.402).
Due to the largely insufficient agreement of the factor model examined with the data set of the validation study as well as insufficient content validity, which is explained in detail in the discussion, further statistical procedures - t-tests with Bonferroni correction - were not carried out.
In summary of the results, it can be stated that the German questionnaire in its present form is not suitable for recording the attitudes towards interprofessional collaboration of trainee and licensed doctors and pharmacists in German-speaking countries. Although the German validation sample shows very high approval ratings for interprofessional collaboration overall, a bias in the context of content validity (cultural bias, social desirability, acquisition, tendency towards the middle, suggestive item character) and reliability must be assumed.
Consequently, the development of a German-language questionnaire that takes better account of the German legal framework and the practice of cooperation between the professional groups would be recommended
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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