1,721,087 research outputs found
Supplemental Material - Reciprocity versus Self-Interest in a Competitive Interaction Context: An Experimental Study
No full textSupplemental Material for Reciprocity versus Self-Interest in a Competitive Interaction Context: An Experimental Study by Claudia Greco, Olimpia Matarazzo, Anna Esposito, and Gennaro Cordasco in Psychological Reports</p
Decision-making styles in an evolutionary perspective
No full textNaturalistic decision-making (NDM) investigates the cognitive strategies used by experts in making decisions in real-world contexts. Unlike studies conducted in the laboratory, the NDM paradigm is applied to real human interactions, often characterized by uncertainty, risk, complexity, time pressures and so on. In this approach, the role of experience is crucial in making possible a quick classification of decision-making situations and therefore in making an effective, rapid and prudent choice. Models of behaviour resulting from these studies represent an extraordinary resource for research and for the application of decision-making strategies in high-risk environments. They particularly underline not only that most of the critical decisions that we take are based on our intuition, but that the ability to recognize patterns and other signals that allow us to act effectively is a natural extension of experience. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Multi-criteria Evaluation: An Approach Based on Distance Operators
No full textIn this paper, we propose an extension of the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method, a widely used method for multi-criteria problems, taking the similarity between the variables into account, in order to penalize scenarios in which there is considerable variability. The motivation for our approach lies in the concept of sustainability, where a high value of one criterion cannot compensate for a too-low value of others, and therefore more balanced scenarios are thus preferred
Trust in NLP Models: Ethical Considerations on the Reckless Use of AI
No full textTrust is a key element in the creation of positive bonds between individuals, and this concept extends to relationships between humans and Artificial Intelligence (AI). However, trust in AI must be placed with care, as, like human relationships, misplaced trust can lead to negative consequences. In recent years, the empathy developed by humans towards AI has been shown to have positive effects on well-being. Increasingly accurate Natural Language Processing models (NPL), for example, have made it possible to use chatbots to support the psychological well-being of users, addressing problems such as depression, anxiety, and social isolation. This approach has enabled many people to access psychological support services and reduce associated prejudice. Trust plays a significant role in the growing popularity of virtual assistants such as ChatGPT, which, despite not having the ability to generate genuine trust or empathy, seems to establish an empathetic bond with users due to the quality of its responses. However, trust in AI systems should not lead one to underestimate the risks and limitations of such technologies. Natural language processing models are susceptible to bias and can lead to social consequences that are difficult to manage. It is crucial to make users aware of the limitations of AI and human responsibility in ethical decisions. This article emphasizes the need for serious reflection on the consequences of evolving trust bonds with AI. After analyzing the limitations and biases of natural language processing models, attention is drawn to the growing social awareness of ethics in the use of AI, both for users and practitioners
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