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    Morphology and pathophysiology of target anatomical sites for ablation procedures in patients with atrial fibrillation. Part I: atrial structures (atrial myocardium and coronary sinus).

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    Experimental and clinical evidence suggests that the natural history of atrial fibrillation is characterised by increased structural remodelling, which may play a pivotal role in maintaining the arrhythmia and clinically favours progression from paroxysmal to persistent atrial fibrillation. In this setting, anti-arrhythmic therapy gradually becomes inefficient, and this limitation has led to the introduction of new non-pharmacological interventions such as surgical or catheter ablation. At the same time, interest in the functional morphology and electrophysiological properties of the atria and their related anatomical structures has greatly increased. This article is the first of a two-part review whose main purpose is to describe the anatomical and functional details of some of the principal anatomical locations that are commonly targeted by ablative procedures to treat this supraventricular arrhythmia. In particular, this manuscript has dealt with the atrial structures (atrial myocardium and coronary sinus). General information on ablation procedures has also been provided

    Morphology and pathophysiology of target anatomical sites for ablation procedures in patients with atrial fibrillation: Part II: Pulmonary veins, caval veins, ganglionated plexi, and ligament of Marshall.

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    The inadequate long-term efficacy of anti-arrhythmic therapy has been one of the main reasons for the development of non-pharmacological interventions for patients with atrial fibrillation such as catheter and surgical ablation. This has greatly increased interest in the functional morphology and electrophysiological properties of the atria and related anatomical structures. This article is the second of a two-part review that aims to provide anatomical and functional details concerning some of the principal anatomical sites commonly targeted by ablative procedures for treating atrial fibrillation, and covers pulmonary veins, ganglionated plexi, caval veins, and the ligament of Marshall. It also provides some general information about site-specific ablation procedures

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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