1,721,451 research outputs found
Les inventions mises en oeuvre par ordinateur : actualité et enjeux de l’extension contemporaine de la brevetabilité
No full textLa question de la brevetabilité des inventions mises en œuvre par ordinateur constitue un sujet crucial pour le droit moderne des brevets et plus généralement pour le droit de la propriété intellectuelle. Absent des initiatives législatives depuis que le Parlement européen en 2005 a rejeté à une écrasante majorité une proposition de directive sur le sujet, la question n’a pourtant pas disparu de l’actualité juridique, notamment parce que les inventions « logicielles » ont continué de faire l’objet de décisions des chambres de recours de l’Office européen des brevets et de tribunaux nationaux. De plus, dans le contexte d’une économie désormais mondialisée, les évolutions jurisprudentielles d’autres juridictions comme les Etats-Unis jouent un rôle très important et sont scrutées avec grande attention, dans la mesure où les exploitations des inventions se font souvent dans un contexte global. Cette contribution introductive de l’ouvrage à paraitre sur la question dans la collection du CEIPI (M. Dhenne et Ch. Geiger (dir.), « Les inventions mises en oeuvre par ordinateur : enjeux, pratiques et perspectives », Collection du CEIPI No.67, LexisNexis, 2019) revient sur trois des principaux enjeux, à savoir les enjeux juridiques, socio-économiques et théoriques, de l’extension contemporaine de la brevetabilité dans le domaine des créations informatiques.The patentability of computer-implemented inventions is an issue of crucial importance to modern patent law and to intellectual property law in general. Despite the absence of legislative initiatives on this topic since 2005, when the European Parliament rejected a proposal for a directive on this subject by an overwhelming majority, the issue has not disappeared from legal discussions, mainly due to the fact that "software" inventions continued to be the subject of decisions delivered by the Boards of Appeal of the European Patent Office and by national courts. Moreover, in the context of an increasingly globalized economy where inventions are exploited internationally, developments taking place in the case-law of other jurisdictions, and particularly in the United States, play and important role and are subject to close scrutiny. This contribution which forms the introductory chapter to a volume that is to be published on this topic in the CEIPI collection (M. Dhenne and Ch. Geiger (eds.), “Computer-Implemented Inventions: Challenges, Current Practices and Perspectives", Collection of the CEIPI No.67, LexisNexis, 2019) examines the legal, socio-economic and theoretical implications of the extension of patentability to computer-implemented inventions under the current patent law system
Intellectual Property and Digital Trade in the Age of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data
No full textLes inventions mises en œuvre par ordinateur : enjeux, pratiques et perspectives. Computer-Implemented Inventions : Challenges, Current Practices and Perspectives
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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