1,720,978 research outputs found
Unveiling the root–rhizosphere environment of perennial wheat: a metabolomic perspective
No full textBackground: Perennial grain roots grow continuously, enhancing soil carbon sequestration and forming a "holobiont" with the microbiome, essential for nutrient acquisition and stress resilience. Consequently, perennial grains serve as ideal models for investigating long-term dynamics between root systems and the rhizosphere environment. Despite their potential, the rhizosphere environment of perennial grains remains underexplored. This research utilizes an untargeted metabolomic approach to characterize the root-rhizosphere molecular signals in four new perennial grain (NPGs) lines named 235a, 280b, 11,955, and OK72, across four years of growth. Results: Metabolomic analysis annotated 2,527 metabolites, most of which originated from fungi (30.3%), bacteria (23%), and plants (15.5%). Principal component analysis explained 54.8% of the variation between rhizosphere and root metabolites, with 8.7% variation separating 1st and 4th year root metabolites, while rhizosphere metabolites showed less variation between years. The comparison between the annual durum wheat variety and NPGs revealed 616 differentially abundant metabolites in roots and 15 in the rhizosphere, already at the 1st year of growth. In the 4th year, NPGs metabolomes diverged significantly from Thinopyrum intermedium, which stood in the soil for 11 years, with 184 root and 138 rhizosphere differentially abundant metabolites. Comparison between genotypes diversified NPGs in the 1st year, showing a higher abundance of root metabolites for OK72 compared to the other lines, including key modulators of root architecture like glutathione and serotonin, and compounds from α-linoleic acid metabolism, which are known to induce systemic resistance against pathogens and herbivore defense. Differences among NPGs also emerged in the 4th year, with OK72 separating from the other three, sharing with Thinopyrum intermedium a higher abundance of purine nucleosides and diazanaphthalenes. Conclusions: The metabolomic analysis revealed that starting from the 1st year, the roots of NPGs produce a set of metabolites distinct from those of the annual durum species, many of which are defense molecules against biotic and abiotic stresses (e.g., syringic acid, glutathione, and α-linoleic acid pathway compounds). The OK72 genotype, which exhibits below-ground traits more aligned with perennialism, differs from the other lines in the abundance of several interesting metabolites, confirming it as an ideal parental candidate for developing new perennial wheat lines
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Comparative Analysis of in vitro Digestibility and Immunogenicity of Gliadin Proteins From Durum and Einkorn Wheat
No full text: Recent studies suggested that gliadin proteins from the ancient diploid einkorn wheat Triticum monococcum retained a reduced number of immunogenic peptides for celiac disease patients because of a high in vitro digestibility with respect to hexaploid common wheat. In this study, we compared the immunological properties of gliadins from two Triticum monococcum cultivars (Hammurabi and Norberto-ID331) with those of a Triticum durum cultivar (Adamello). Gliadins were digested by mimicking the in vitro gastrointestinal digestion process that includes the brush border membrane peptidases. Competitive ELISA, based on R5 monoclonal antibody, showed that gastrointestinal digestion reduced the immunogenicity of Triticum monococcum gliadins; conversely, the immunogenic potential of Triticum durum gliadins remained almost unchanged by the in vitro digestion. The immune stimulatory activity was also evaluated by detecting the IFN-γ production in gliadin-reactive T-cell lines obtained from the small intestinal mucosa of HLA-DQ2+ celiac disease patients. Interestingly, gastrointestinal digestion markedly reduced the capability of Triticum monococcum gliadins (p <0.05) of both cultivars to activate T cells, while it slightly affected the activity of Triticum durum. In conclusion, our results showed that Triticum durum was almost unaffected by the in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, while Triticum monococcum had a marked sensibility to digestion, thus determining a lower toxicity for celiac disease patients
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Multi-block classification of Italian semolina based on Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR) analysis and alveographic indices
No full textDurum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) is widely grown in the Mediterranean area. The semolina obtained by this grain is used to prepare pasta, couscous, and baked products all over the world. The growing area affects the characteristics of Durum wheat; consequently, it is relevant to trace this product. The present study aims at developing an analytical methodology which would allow tracing durum semolina harvested in 7 different Italian macro-areas. In order to achieve this goal, 597 samples of semolina have been analysed by Near Infrared Spectroscopy, and by measuring alveographic parameters. Eventually, the information collected have been handled by a multi-block classifier (SO-PLS-LDA) in order to predict the origin of samples. The proposed approach provided extremely satisfactory results (in external validation, on a test set of 140 objects), correctly classifying all samples according to their growing area, confirming it represents a suitable solution for tracing durum wheat semolina
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