1,720,953 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Obtención de solución desengrasante biodegradable a partir del d-limoneno extraído de la cáscara de naranja
No full textDigitalDebido a la presencia de agentes contaminantes en los productos químicos que se utilizan
como desengrasante para el lavado de vehículos, la empresa CARS WASH S.A.S. propone
comercializar un producto sustituto que, al ser de origen natural y biodegradable pueda llegar a
tener un impacto favorable en el ambiente y así mismo en la salud y el cuidado de las personas
que intervienen en tal proceso. Las características de este producto sustituto lo llevarían a tener
un desempeño igual a las sustancias químicas que actualmente se emplean, con beneficios
adicionales en términos de rentabilidad debido a que es de menor costo.CONTENIDO
APROBACIÓN DEL TUTOR II
AGRADECIMIENTO III
RESUMEN VI
ABSTRACT VIII
l. PROBLEMA DE INVESTIGACIÓN 1
1.1 PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA 1
1.2 FORMULACIÓN DEL PROBLEMA 2
2. JUSTIFICACIÓN 3
3. OBJETIVOS 5
3.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL 5
3.2 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS 5
4. ALCANCE Y LIMITACIONES 6
5. MARCO TEORICO 7
5.1 MATERIA PRIMA 7
5.1. l GENERALIDADES DE LA NARANJA 7
5.1.2 CÁSCARAS DE NARANJA 8
5.1.3 PARTES DE LA FRUTA DE LA NARANJA 9
5.1.4 COMPONENTE DE LA CÁSCARA DE NARANJA 10
5.1.5 LOS BENEFICIOS QUE APORTAN LAS CÁSCARAS DE NARANJA 11
5.1.6 VENTAJAS Y DESVENTAJAS 12
5.1.7 MERCADO NACIONAL 12
5.1.8 PROCESAMIENTO INDUSTRIAL 14
5.2 ACEITES ESENCIALES 16
5.2.1 DIAGRAMA DE FLUJO PARA LA EXTRACCIÓN DE ACEITES ESENCIALES 17
5.2.2 ORIGEN 17
5.2.3 TERPENO O D-LIMONENO 18
5.3 DESENGRASANTES 19
5.3.1 ANTECEDENTES HISTÓRICOS 19
5.3.2 DEFINICIÓN Y FORMULACIÓN 21
6. DISEÑO METODOLÓGICO 23
6.1 MÉTODO PARA OBTENER EL ACEITE ESENCIAL 23
6.1.1 EXTRACCIÓN 24
6.1.1.1 Arrastre de vapor 24
6.1.1.2 Extracción por Soxhlet 25
6.1.2 ANÁLISIS CUALITATIVO DE LOS ACEITES ESENCIALES 26
6.1.2.1 Cro1natografia de capa fina 26
6.1.2.1.1 Fase estacionaria 27
6. 1.2.1.2 Selección delsolvente (fase móvil) 28
6.1.2.1.3 Eluyentes más comunespara cromatografia en capafina 29
6.1.3 ANÁLISIS CUANTITATIVO DE LOS ACEITES ESENCIALES 30
6.1.3. l Determinación del contenido de humedad de la cáscara de naranja 30
6.1.3.2 Determinación de la densidad del aceite esencial 30
6.1.3.3 Rendimiento 3 1
6.1.3.4 Medición del potencial de hidrógeno (pH) 31
6.1.4 MATERIALES Y EQUIPOS UTILIZAD0S 32
7. PROCESO DE EXTRACCIÓN DEL ACEITE DE LA CÁSCARA DE
NARANJA 34
7.1 RECOLECCIÓN DE LA MATERIA PRIMA (CÁSCARA DE NARANJA) 34
7.2 LAVADO DE MATERIA PRIMA (CÁSCARA DE NARANJA) 34
7.3 PICADO Y PESADO DE MATERIA PRIMA (CÁSCARA DE NARANJA) 35
7.4 EXTRACCIÓN DEL ACEITE ESENCIAL.. 35
7.4.1 EXTRACCIÓN CONTINÚA EN SOXHLET 35
7.4.2 EXTRACCIÓN CON ARRASTRE DE VAPOR 38
7.4.3 MÉTODOS PARA DETERMINAR LOS COMPONENTES DEL ACEITE ESENCIAL 39
8. PROCESO PRODUCTIVO DEL DESENGRASANTE B1O DEGRADABLE 44
8.1 DESCR1PCIÓN DEL PROCESO 44
8.1.1 RECOLECCIÓN DE LA MATERIA PRIMA (CÁSCARA DE NARANJA) .44
8.1.2 LAVADO DE MATERIA PRIMA (CÁSCARA DE NARANJA) 44
8.1.3 PICADO Y PESADO DE MATERIA PRIMA (CÁSCARA DE NARANJA) 44
8.1.4 PREPARACIÓN DE LA MUESTRA 44
8.1.5 PREPARACIÓN DEL EQUIPO 44
8.1.7 OBTENCIÓN DEL ACEITE ESENCIAL 45
8.1.8 ELABORACIÓN DEL DESENGRASANTE 45
8.1.9 PRUEBAS DE CALIDAD 45
8.2 DIAGRAMA DE FLUJO DEL DESENGRASANTE BIODEGRADABLE 47
8.3 EQUIPO Y MAQUINARIA 49
8.3.1COMPONENTES DE UNA PLANTA DE EXTRACCIÓN A ESCALA INDUSTRIAL 49
8.3.1.1 Tanque de extracción 49
8.3.1.2 Condensador y Separador 50
8.3.1.3 Tanque de reserva de agua 50
8.3.1.4 Tablero de control 50
8.3.1.5 Caldera, calderin o generador de vapor 50
8.3.1.6 Equipos para extracción de aceite esencial de cascarás en cítricos 50
8.3.1.7 Propuesta comercial 50
8.4 DISTRIBUCIÓN DE PLANTA 51
8.4.1 PLANO DE DISTRIBUCIÓN 52
8.4.1.1 Distribución por proceso 52
8.4.1.2 Distribución por producto 52
8.4.1.3 Distribución por componente fijo 52
8.4.2 PERSONAL NECESARIO 54
9. RESULTADOS Y ANALISIS 55
9.1 CONTENIDO DE HUMEDAD EN LAS CÁSCARAS DE NARANJA 55
9.2 DETERMINACIÓN DE LA DENSIDAD 55
9.3 VOLUMEN DEL ACEITE ESENCIAL OBTENIDO EN CADA MÉTODO DE
EXTRACCIÓN 56
9.4 RENDIMIENTO 56
9.5 DETERMINACIÓN DEL PH DE LAS MUESTRAS DE ACEITE ESENCIAL 57
9.6 RDE LOS COMPONENTES DE ACEITE ESENCIAL DE NARANJA POR
CROMATOGRAFÍA DE CAPA FINA 58
9.7 EVALUACIÓN DE COSTOS PARA LA ELABORACIÓN DEL DESENGRASANTE 59
10. CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES 63
11. GLOSAR.1O 66
12. BIBLIOGRAFÍA 74
13. ANEXOS 77PregradoIngeniero de Procesos Industriale
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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