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Efecto de los áfidos, las hormigas y su asociación sobre el aborto de los cojines florales enhíbridos de Theobroma Cacao
No full textCon el fin de determinar el efecto de los áfidos, las hormigas y su asociación sobre el aborto de
los cojines florales en híbridos de Theobroma cacao, se llevó a cabo un experimento en la finca
“Cacao Cántaro” en Pavones, Turrialba, Cartago, Costa Rica. En él se efectuó un muestreo de
insectos durante el periodo de floración que transcurrió entre Febrero y Marzo de 2016, el
mismo llevó a cabo inspecciones dirigidas a los cojines florales para identificar los diferentes
morfotipos de áfidos y las hormigas de interés agrícola presentes en ellos. De cada morfotipo
se obtuvieron dos submuestras, una se trasladó al Laboratorio de Entomología del INTA, Costa
Rica, para obtener evidencia fotográfica de cada una de las estructuras anatómicas de los
insectos y la segunda se envió a las Universidades de Barcelona y León en España con el fin de
realizar la identificación taxonómica de los individuos. Durante las semanas 14 a 30 de 2016,
se llevó a cabo un ensayo en la finca de Cacao Cántaro para evaluar el efecto de los áfidos, las
hormigas y su asociación sobre la pérdida de los cojines florales en el cultivo, el mismo se
estableció con un Diseño Completamente al Azar (DCA) con doce repeticiones por tratamiento.
La unidad experimental correspondió a un árbol de cacao, 48 árboles en total fueron utilizados
en el experimento. El diseño de tratamientos fue factorial con dos factores (áfidos y hormigas)
y dos niveles (presencia y ausencia). Por lo que se evaluaron cuatro tratamientos: árboles sin
insectos, árboles sólo con áfidos, árboles sólo con hormigas y árboles con áfidos y hormigas.
Semanalmente, se monitoreó la incidencia y la severidad de áfidos, hormigas y su asociación
en cada uno de los árboles incluidos en el experimento, a su vez se llevó un registro semanal
de las condiciones climáticas (temperatura, humedad relativa y precipitaciones) con el fin de
determinar si estas últimas tenían algún impacto sobre la incidencia de insectos en la época de
floración. La identificación taxonómica detectó una única especie de áfido, una de zompopa y
cinco especies de hormigas, de tres géneros distintos, asociadas a los cojines florales de cacao.
Se determinó que los áfidos y las hormigas causaron alrededor del 6,6% de las pérdidas totales
de estructuras florales en los árboles, siendo esta la tercera causa de pérdida de estructuras
florales por debajo de las patologías causadas por hongos y por las fisiopatías. Aunque no se
encontró suficiente evidencia estadística para afirmar que exista correlación entre las
condiciones climáticas del periodo en estudio y la incidencia de áfidos y hormigas, se
determinó que los áfidos son la plaga principal para el cultivo, mientras que las hormigas
identificadas proveyeron servicios ecosistémicos en términos de fitoprotección y polinización.
Finalmente, la implementación de un programa de manejo integrado de áfidos en Cacao
Cántaro podría llegar a aumentar la producción de cacao en baba hasta en 67,0 Kg/ha.In order to determine the effect of the aphids, ants and their association on the abortion of
their floral structures in Theobroma cacao hybrids, a trial was conducted in “Cacao Cantaro”
farm, Pavones, Turrialba, Cartago, Costa Rica. An insect sampling was carried out during the
flowering period that elapsed between February and March 2016, it made inspections aimed
at the floral structures to identify different species of aphids and ants established in them.
Each specie of aphids and ants was divided in two samples, one of them was sent to the
Entomology Laboratory in INTA, Costa Rica to take pictures of each of the anatomical
structures of the insects, and the second simple was sent to the Universities of Barcelona and
León in Spain in order to perform the taxonomic identification of the insects. During weeks 14-
30, 2016, a trial was conducted in “Cacao Cantaro” farm to the effect of aphids, ants and their
association on flower structures losses in cocoa crop. The trial was established as a Completely
Randomized Design (CRD) with twelve repetitions per treatment. The experimental unit was a
cocoa tree, 48 trees were used in the trial. Treatments were established as a Factorial Design
with two factors (aphids and ants) and two levels (presence and absence) in each factor. Four
treatments were evaluated: trees without insects, trees only with aphids, trees only with ants
and trees with aphids and ants. Weekly, the incidence of aphids, ants and their association was
recorded in each tree included in the trial, also a weekly record of the climate conditions
(temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) was took in order to determine if whether had an
impact on the insect incidence during flowering season of the crop. Taxonomic identification
reported one single aphid specie, only one leaf-cutter ant and five species of three different
genera of ants associated to flower structures in cocoa trees. It was determined that aphids
and ants caused about 6.6% of total losses of flower structures in the trees, so it became the
third cause of floral losses after the diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi and
physiological disorders. Even not enough statiscal evidence was found to assure that there was
correlation between wheather conditions during the trial and the incidence of aphids and ants,
it was determined that aphids were the main pests in cocoa plantations, while the identified
ants provided ecosystemic services such as crop protection and pollination. Finally, the
implementation of an integrated management program of aphids in “Cacao Cantaro” could
increase fresh cocoa production up to 67,0 Kg/ha
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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