873 research outputs found
"Cronica der Turckey" Sebastian Franck's Translation of the "Tractatus de Moribus, Condicionibus et Nequitia Turcorum" by Georgius de Hungaria
No full textThe Tractatus de moribus, condicionibus et nequitia Turcorum is one of the most important first-hand accounts of life in fifteenth-century Turkey known to modern scholarship. It is the work of a Christian former slave of the Turks, writing after his return to the West. Although the author does not name himself, he can be identified as a
Dominican priest, Georgius de Hungaria, who died in Rome in 1502. His Tractatus is conceived as a work of anti-Islamic polemic, yet it contains a surprisingly unbiased appraisal of Turkish customs.
First printed c.1480 when European apprehension in the face of Ottoman expansion was at its height, the Tractatus was reprinted in numerous editions, and was widely used as a
source by other authors. Luther edited the text in 1530, using the positive account of Turkish customs and religious observance as a weapon in his polemic against the Roman
Catholic Church: if heathens could perform such exemplary works, who could fail to doubt the efficacy of works as a means of salvation?
Sebastian Franck in his German translation of the Tractatus went further: replacing Georgius' commentary with his own, he used the text to attack institutional religion as a
whole and to promote his concept of a non-dogmatic, spiritual Church of individuals united with each other only through their union with God -a Church which was not closed to Moslems or members of any other creed. This translation or adaptation, the Cronica der Türckey, marks Franck's decisive break with the Lutheran cause and the beginning of his lonely path as a 'spiritual individualist'. Franck reworked his translation of the Tractatus for his major geographical work, the Weltbuch of 1534.
This thesis concerns itself primarily with Franck's Cronica, providing the first modern critical edition of this text, in a near-diplomatic transcription with an extensive glossary. The thesis also includes transcriptions of the Tractatus; of Türckei, an anonymous translation of the Tractatus, and of relevant additional material from Franck's Weltbuch. None of these texts has been published in full in a modern edition.
In the Introduction Franck's Cronica is compared in detail with the Tractatus, highlighting the changes that occur in translation; the character and the significance of these changes are then discussed. It is established that Franck, whilst being unwilling to reverse any of Georgius' value judgements on Islam and Turkish culture, is highly selective in his choice of material for translation, and frequently gives the text new nuances and adds his own
comment. The question of the Tractatus' influence on Franck's further development as a writer and thinker is also raised.
The investigation then turns to Franck's use of the Tractatus material in his Weltbuch. His eclecticism becomes apparent in this text, in which Georgius' account is juxtaposed - but not synthesised - with material from other sources, often of lesser veracity and greater anti-Islamic bias. Franck's distortion of the Tractatus material to suit his own line of argument is clearly discernible: from the unique phenomenon presented in the Tractatus the Turks
become one more example of the general human tendency to externalise and dogmatise faith.
In addition, the transmission of Cronica and Türckei is examined, and the relationship between these two translations is clarified: Franck certainly used Türckei in writing his Cronica, but is unlikely to be the author of the anonymous work
Pine Forest Height Inversion Using Single-Pass X-Band Pol-InSAR Data
No full textInternational audienceA sparse pine forest is investigated at X-band on a single-pass polarimetric synthetic aperture radar interferometry (PolInSAR) data set using HH and HV channels. These first preliminary results show that the associated phase centers present a significant vertical separation (about 6 m) allowed by penetration through gaps in the canopy. Forest parameter inversion using the random volume over ground (RVoG) model is evaluated and adapted at this frequency. The forest height can be retrieved accurately by supposing a high mean extinction coefficient (around 1.6 (dB/m). The penetration depth is estimated to be around 4 m, based on the forest height ground measurements. Finally, a time-frequency analysis using a sublook decomposition is performed to increase the vertical separation of the polarimetric phase centers. As a consequence, RVoG-inversion performance is improved, and a penetration depth that is in better accordance with a previous work (of the order of 2 m) is found. This paper has shown that the height inversion of a pine forest was possible using PolInSAR X-band data and that the performance was more dependent on the forest density than at lower frequencies
On the role of satellite communications for emergency situations with a focus on Europe
No full textInternational audienceIn this paper, we describe how satellite communications may contribute to disaster management. During emergency situations, satellite communications present many advantages in supporting or replacing a terrestrial infrastructure (if any) subject to destruction or saturation. However, devising the right deployment model deserves close scrutiny in order to fit the responders needs and sustain financial viability. After reading the paper, we expect that the answers to the following questions will be made clear: what are the roles of telecommunications in emergency situations? How can satellite technologies help? How to mitigate the cost of deploying and using satellite facilities? Who are the actors currently involved in emergency telecommunications and more specifically satellite-assisted emergency telecommunications
Les Grains de santé du Dr Franck. Du remède secret à la spécialité
No full textThe Grains de santé du Dr Franck. From secret remedy to patent medicine.
After a short history of secrets remedies, the author presents the "Grains de santé du Dr Franck". She tells about their compound and indications, about their owner (Dr Audin-Rouvière) and its misunderstandings with the medical Academy because of the name of "Dr Franck". Finally, the author presents the evolution of this secret remedy to a patent medicine, sold buy Troncin laboratory.Après un bref rappel de l'histoire des remèdes secrets, l'auteure présente « Les Grains de santé du Dr Franck » : leurs composition et indication, leur propriétaire le Dr Audin-Rouvière, ses démêlés avec l'Académie de médecine au sujet du nom du Dr Franck, et enfin l'évolution du remède secret vers la spécialité vendue par le laboratoire Troncin.Raynal Cécile. Les Grains de santé du Dr Franck. Du remède secret à la spécialité. In: Revue d'histoire de la pharmacie, 95ᵉ année, n°359, 2008. pp. 263-274
Evaluation du potentiel de la technique PolInSAR pour l'estimation des paramètres physiques de la végétation en conditions satellitaires
No full textThe goal of this work has been the evaluation of PolInSAR technique potential for the extraction of forest physical parameters and the transposition of such analysis to spatial conditions.Previous works have shown that PolInSAR technique presents a good potential for tree height inversion, which can be linked to the above ground biomass through allometric relation, using L-band data. The first part of this work has consisted in the inversion procedure adaptation to extreme frequencies of the spectra which is generally used for natural surfaces investigation, X- and P-band, using data acquired over pine forests by RAMSES airborne system.Then, influence of the most variable system parameters from airborne to spaceborne conditions, as resolution and Signal-to-Noise ratio, is evaluated on the inversion robustness and accuracy at X-, L- and P-bands, in order to determine its limitations in spaceborne conditions.L'objectif de ce travail de thèse a été d'évaluer le potentiel de la technique PolInSAR pour l'extraction des paramètres physiques de la forêt et la transposition de ce type d'analyse aux conditions spatiales. Des travaux antérieurs ont montré que cette technique était efficace pour l'estimation de la hauteur des arbres, qui peut être reliée à la biomasse aérienne par une relation allométrique, à partir de données acquises en bande L. La première partie de ces travaux a porté sur le développement de procédures d'inversions aux fréquences extrêmes du spectre généralement utilisé pour l'étude des surfaces naturelles, la bande X et la bande P, dans le contexte de données acquises par le système aéroporté RAMSES sur des forêts de pins. Ensuite, l'influence des paramètres système qui diffèrent le plus de l'aéroporté au satellitaire, la résolution et le rapport Signal à Bruit, est quantifiée sur la robustesse et la précision de l'inversion en bandes X, L et P afin d'en déterminer les limitations en conditions spatiales
Evaluation du potentiel de la technique PolInSAR pour l'estimation dse paramètres physiques de la végétation en conditions satellitaires
No full textL'objectif de ce travail de thèse a été d'évaluer le potentiel de la technique PolInSAR pour l'extraction des paramètres physiques de la forêt et la transposition de ce type d'analyse aux conditions spatiales. Des travaux antérieurs ont montré que cette technique était efficace pour l'estimation de la hauteur des arbres, qui peut êetre reliée à la biomasse aérienne par une relation allométrique, à partir de données acquises en bande L. La première partie de ces travaux a porté sur le développement de procédures d'inversions aux fréquences extrêemes du spectre généralement utilis é pour l'étude des surfaces naturelles, la bande X et la bande P, dans le contexte de données acquises par le système aéroporté RAMSES sur des forêts de pins. Ensuite, l'influence des paramètres système qui diffèrent le plus de l'aéroporté au satellitaire, la résolution et le rapport Signal à Bruit, est quantifiée sur la robustesse et la précision de l'inversion en bandes X, L et P afin d'en déterminer les limitations en conditions spatiales.The goal of this work has been the evaluation of PolInSAR technique potential for the extraction of forest physical parameters and the transposition of such analysis to spatial conditions. Previous works have shown that PolInSAR technique presents a good potential for tree height inversion, which can be linked to the above ground biomass through allometric relation, using L-band data. The first part of this work has consisted in the inversion procedure adaptation to extreme frequencies of the spectra which is generally used for natural surfaces investigation, Xand P-band, using data acquired over pine forests by RAMSES airborne system. Then, influence of the most variable system parameters from airborne to spaceborne conditions, as resolution and Signal-to-Noise ratio, is evaluated on the inversion robustness and accuracy at X-, L- and P-bands, in order to determine its limitations in spaceborne conditions
Evaluation du potentiel de la technique PolInSAR pour l'estimation des paramètres physiques de la végétation en conditions satellitaires
No full textThe goal of this work has been the evaluation of PolInSAR technique potential for the extraction of forest physical parameters and the transposition of such analysis to spatial conditions.Previous works have shown that PolInSAR technique presents a good potential for tree height inversion, which can be linked to the above ground biomass through allometric relation, using L-band data. The first part of this work has consisted in the inversion procedure adaptation to extreme frequencies of the spectra which is generally used for natural surfaces investigation, X- and P-band, using data acquired over pine forests by RAMSES airborne system.Then, influence of the most variable system parameters from airborne to spaceborne conditions, as resolution and Signal-to-Noise ratio, is evaluated on the inversion robustness and accuracy at X-, L- and P-bands, in order to determine its limitations in spaceborne conditions.L'objectif de ce travail de thèse a été d'évaluer le potentiel de la technique PolInSAR pour l'extraction des paramètres physiques de la forêt et la transposition de ce type d'analyse aux conditions spatiales. Des travaux antérieurs ont montré que cette technique était efficace pour l'estimation de la hauteur des arbres, qui peut être reliée à la biomasse aérienne par une relation allométrique, à partir de données acquises en bande L. La première partie de ces travaux a porté sur le développement de procédures d'inversions aux fréquences extrêmes du spectre généralement utilisé pour l'étude des surfaces naturelles, la bande X et la bande P, dans le contexte de données acquises par le système aéroporté RAMSES sur des forêts de pins. Ensuite, l'influence des paramètres système qui diffèrent le plus de l'aéroporté au satellitaire, la résolution et le rapport Signal à Bruit, est quantifiée sur la robustesse et la précision de l'inversion en bandes X, L et P afin d'en déterminer les limitations en conditions spatiales
PolInSAR technique potential evaluation for vegetation physical parameter estimation in spatial conditions
No full textL'objectif de ce travail de thèse a été d'évaluer le potentiel de la technique PolInSAR pour l'extraction des paramètres physiques de la forêt et la transposition de ce type d'analyse aux conditions spatiales. Des travaux antérieurs ont montré que cette technique était efficace pour l'estimation de la hauteur des arbres, qui peut être reliée à la biomasse aérienne par une relation allométrique, à partir de données acquises en bande L. La première partie de ces travaux a porté sur le développement de procédures d'inversions aux fréquences extrêmes du spectre généralement utilisé pour l'étude des surfaces naturelles, la bande X et la bande P, dans le contexte de données acquises par le système aéroporté RAMSES sur des forêts de pins. Ensuite, l'influence des paramètres système qui diffèrent le plus de l'aéroporté au satellitaire, la résolution et le rapport Signal à Bruit, est quantifiée sur la robustesse et la précision de l'inversion en bandes X, L et P afin d'en déterminer les limitations en conditions spatiales.The goal of this work has been the evaluation of PolInSAR technique potential for the extraction of forest physical parameters and the transposition of such analysis to spatial conditions.Previous works have shown that PolInSAR technique presents a good potential for tree height inversion, which can be linked to the above ground biomass through allometric relation, using L-band data. The first part of this work has consisted in the inversion procedure adaptation to extreme frequencies of the spectra which is generally used for natural surfaces investigation, X- and P-band, using data acquired over pine forests by RAMSES airborne system.Then, influence of the most variable system parameters from airborne to spaceborne conditions, as resolution and Signal-to-Noise ratio, is evaluated on the inversion robustness and accuracy at X-, L- and P-bands, in order to determine its limitations in spaceborne conditions
Effect of gravity on clustering patterns and inertial particles attractors
No full textIn this contribution we study the clustering of inertial particles using a periodic kinematic simulation. The systematic Lagrangian tracking of particles makes it possible to identify the particles’ clustering patterns for different values of particle’s inertia and drift velocity. The different cases are characterised by different pairs of Stokes number St and drift parameter ϒ. For the present study 0 ≤ St ≤ 1 and 0 ≤ ϒ ≤ 2. The main focus is to identify and then quantify the clustering attractor - when it exists - that is the set of points in the physical space where the particles settle when time goes to infinity. Depending on gravity or drift effect and inertia values, the Lagrangian attractor can have different dimensions varying from the initial three-dimensional space to two-dimensional layers and one-dimensional attractors that can be shifted from an horizontal to a vertical position
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