1,721,027 research outputs found
Contribution to the evaluation of the internal variation on acheulean industries : case study of Garba I (Melka Kunture, Ethiopie)
No full textCe travail de recherche, axé sur le matériel du site de Garba I (Melka Kunture, Ethiopie), explore la variation interne des productions lithiques de la période Acheuléenne, en tenant compte de l’état technique des pièces et du niveau de savoir-faire des tailleurs. À partir d’une analyse qualitative des pièces, elle montre l’impact que ces facteurs individuels peuvent avoir dans l’apparence des pièces, et leur importance pour une bonne compréhension des intentions sous-jacentes à la taille. En conséquence, ce travail a été structuré pour intégrer aux mieux ce concepts en fonction des caractéristiques du matériel, le but ultime étant de saisir les comportements des hominiens qui ont occupé le territoire de Melka Kunture, à l’époque de Garba I, tant aux niveau des techniques employées que de l’organisation des activités. Les résultats de l’étude mettent en évidence une forte standardisation dans la production des pièces bifaciales, et une maîtrise remarquable de la percussion conchoïdale, selon deux techniques, appliquées au façonnage, qui dépassent l’explication d’un simple processus de réduction, amenant à une forme non intentionnelle, par gestes stéréotypés. Ce travail nous a également permis d’identifier un procédé technique particulier (le coup du tranchet), à valeur de marqueur culturel, et de relever l’importance du petit outillage retouché et des outils de percussion, et encore d’entrevoir de possibles liens entre les industries acheuléennes et le Middle Stone Age. Ce travail se décline en trois parties : 1) état de la question sur l’Acheuléen africain et les différentes approches employées pour son étude ; 2) contexte régional et macro-régional ; 3) contexte de déposition des vestiges, chronologie, et état de conservation ; 4) méthodologie utilisée pour l’étude ; 5) discussion des résultats et remise en contexte.This research focuses on the analysis of Acheulean lithic material from the site of Garba I (Melka Kunture, Ethiopia). Specifically, this study explores internal variability in the technical repertoires that underlie the production of lithic artefacts at the site, by considering the technical stages involved in their manufacture and the knappers’ technological savoir-faire (know-how). Through this qualitative approach it becomes possible to assess the influence of individual factors on the morphology of the tools, and their relative importance for understanding the intentions that underlie the knapping. This study integrates these concepts based on the characteristics of the assemblage; the ultimate goal being to understand the behaviour of the hominins that occupied Melka Kunture at the time of Garba I, both in terms of the techniques employed and the organisation of the activites. The results highlight the highly standardised nature of bifacial artefacts at the site, and the knappers’ remarkable control over conchoïdal percussion using two particular techniques, applied during their façonnage, which cannot be explained as simple reduction processes that create unintended forms through stereotypical knapping gestures. The identification in the assemblage of a specific technical procedure (the coup de tranchet) that has value as a cultural marker, as well as an important component of small retouched tools and percussive implements, suggests potential links between the Acheulean and Middle Stone Age industries.This work is divided into three parts: 1) current issues about the African Acheulean and the approaches previously employed to study it; 2) the regional context; 3) the depositional context of the archaeological materials at Garba I, their chronology and state of preservation; 4) methodology employed in this study, and; 5) discussion of the results and their significance in the context of the African Acheulean
Contribution à l’évaluation de la variation interne des industries acheuléennes : le cas de Garba I (Melka Kunture, Ethiopie)
No full textThis research focuses on the analysis of Acheulean lithic material from the site of Garba I (Melka Kunture, Ethiopia). Specifically, this study explores internal variability in the technical repertoires that underlie the production of lithic artefacts at the site, by considering the technical stages involved in their manufacture and the knappers’ technological savoir-faire (know-how). Through this qualitative approach it becomes possible to assess the influence of individual factors on the morphology of the tools, and their relative importance for understanding the intentions that underlie the knapping. This study integrates these concepts based on the characteristics of the assemblage; the ultimate goal being to understand the behaviour of the hominins that occupied Melka Kunture at the time of Garba I, both in terms of the techniques employed and the organisation of the activites. The results highlight the highly standardised nature of bifacial artefacts at the site, and the knappers’ remarkable control over conchoïdal percussion using two particular techniques, applied during their façonnage, which cannot be explained as simple reduction processes that create unintended forms through stereotypical knapping gestures. The identification in the assemblage of a specific technical procedure (the coup de tranchet) that has value as a cultural marker, as well as an important component of small retouched tools and percussive implements, suggests potential links between the Acheulean and Middle Stone Age industries.This work is divided into three parts: 1) current issues about the African Acheulean and the approaches previously employed to study it; 2) the regional context; 3) the depositional context of the archaeological materials at Garba I, their chronology and state of preservation; 4) methodology employed in this study, and; 5) discussion of the results and their significance in the context of the African Acheulean.Ce travail de recherche, axé sur le matériel du site de Garba I (Melka Kunture, Ethiopie), explore la variation interne des productions lithiques de la période Acheuléenne, en tenant compte de l’état technique des pièces et du niveau de savoir-faire des tailleurs. À partir d’une analyse qualitative des pièces, elle montre l’impact que ces facteurs individuels peuvent avoir dans l’apparence des pièces, et leur importance pour une bonne compréhension des intentions sous-jacentes à la taille. En conséquence, ce travail a été structuré pour intégrer aux mieux ce concepts en fonction des caractéristiques du matériel, le but ultime étant de saisir les comportements des hominiens qui ont occupé le territoire de Melka Kunture, à l’époque de Garba I, tant aux niveau des techniques employées que de l’organisation des activités. Les résultats de l’étude mettent en évidence une forte standardisation dans la production des pièces bifaciales, et une maîtrise remarquable de la percussion conchoïdale, selon deux techniques, appliquées au façonnage, qui dépassent l’explication d’un simple processus de réduction, amenant à une forme non intentionnelle, par gestes stéréotypés. Ce travail nous a également permis d’identifier un procédé technique particulier (le coup du tranchet), à valeur de marqueur culturel, et de relever l’importance du petit outillage retouché et des outils de percussion, et encore d’entrevoir de possibles liens entre les industries acheuléennes et le Middle Stone Age. Ce travail se décline en trois parties : 1) état de la question sur l’Acheuléen africain et les différentes approches employées pour son étude ; 2) contexte régional et macro-régional ; 3) contexte de déposition des vestiges, chronologie, et état de conservation ; 4) méthodologie utilisée pour l’étude ; 5) discussion des résultats et remise en contexte
Contribution à l’évaluation de la variation interne des industries acheuléennes : le cas de Garba I (Melka Kunture, Ethiopie)
No full textThis research focuses on the analysis of Acheulean lithic material from the site of Garba I (Melka Kunture, Ethiopia). Specifically, this study explores internal variability in the technical repertoires that underlie the production of lithic artefacts at the site, by considering the technical stages involved in their manufacture and the knappers’ technological savoir-faire (know-how). Through this qualitative approach it becomes possible to assess the influence of individual factors on the morphology of the tools, and their relative importance for understanding the intentions that underlie the knapping. This study integrates these concepts based on the characteristics of the assemblage; the ultimate goal being to understand the behaviour of the hominins that occupied Melka Kunture at the time of Garba I, both in terms of the techniques employed and the organisation of the activites. The results highlight the highly standardised nature of bifacial artefacts at the site, and the knappers’ remarkable control over conchoïdal percussion using two particular techniques, applied during their façonnage, which cannot be explained as simple reduction processes that create unintended forms through stereotypical knapping gestures. The identification in the assemblage of a specific technical procedure (the coup de tranchet) that has value as a cultural marker, as well as an important component of small retouched tools and percussive implements, suggests potential links between the Acheulean and Middle Stone Age industries.This work is divided into three parts: 1) current issues about the African Acheulean and the approaches previously employed to study it; 2) the regional context; 3) the depositional context of the archaeological materials at Garba I, their chronology and state of preservation; 4) methodology employed in this study, and; 5) discussion of the results and their significance in the context of the African Acheulean.Ce travail de recherche, axé sur le matériel du site de Garba I (Melka Kunture, Ethiopie), explore la variation interne des productions lithiques de la période Acheuléenne, en tenant compte de l’état technique des pièces et du niveau de savoir-faire des tailleurs. À partir d’une analyse qualitative des pièces, elle montre l’impact que ces facteurs individuels peuvent avoir dans l’apparence des pièces, et leur importance pour une bonne compréhension des intentions sous-jacentes à la taille. En conséquence, ce travail a été structuré pour intégrer aux mieux ce concepts en fonction des caractéristiques du matériel, le but ultime étant de saisir les comportements des hominiens qui ont occupé le territoire de Melka Kunture, à l’époque de Garba I, tant aux niveau des techniques employées que de l’organisation des activités. Les résultats de l’étude mettent en évidence une forte standardisation dans la production des pièces bifaciales, et une maîtrise remarquable de la percussion conchoïdale, selon deux techniques, appliquées au façonnage, qui dépassent l’explication d’un simple processus de réduction, amenant à une forme non intentionnelle, par gestes stéréotypés. Ce travail nous a également permis d’identifier un procédé technique particulier (le coup du tranchet), à valeur de marqueur culturel, et de relever l’importance du petit outillage retouché et des outils de percussion, et encore d’entrevoir de possibles liens entre les industries acheuléennes et le Middle Stone Age. Ce travail se décline en trois parties : 1) état de la question sur l’Acheuléen africain et les différentes approches employées pour son étude ; 2) contexte régional et macro-régional ; 3) contexte de déposition des vestiges, chronologie, et état de conservation ; 4) méthodologie utilisée pour l’étude ; 5) discussion des résultats et remise en contexte
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Age and formation processes of an Acheulean site with extensive accumulation of large cutting tools: Garba I (Melka Kunture, Upper Awash, Ethiopia)
Get PDFThe paper provides new data on the age and formation processes of Garba I (Melka Kunture, Upper Awash, Ethiopia). The site, one of the largest handaxe accumulations of the African Acheulean, was extensively excavated in the 1960s of the last century by J. Chavaillon but left largely unpublished. The chronology was also poorly constricted. Quartz grains dated through electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometry now provide a minimum age of 538 ka for the archaeological layer. In addition, we make available new data allowing an updated interpretation of the stratigraphic sequence and spatial distribution, as well as a detailed taphonomic study of the lithic assemblage. Additional information on the archaeozoological and palaeobotanical record are integrated in the discussion. We conclude that the extensive accumulation of large cuttings tools (LCTs) is not the result of major sedimentary disturbance processes but rather the outcome of a distinct hominin behaviour, which possibly was not focused on the processing and consumption of large mammals. New research at Garba I allows new insights on the Acheulean sites with similar large accumulations of handaxes. Additionally, it contributes to a better understanding of the early Middle Pleistocene in Africa, an under-researched period of the Early Stone Age
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