1,721,104 research outputs found
Fodder production for cattle feeding at agricultural craft "Agro-Ler" from Selci Đakovački
No full textCilj ovog istraživanja bio je prikazati ustanovljeni sustav proizvodnje krmiva za potrebe hranidbe goveda na obrtu u poljoprivredi „AGRO-LER“ iz Đakovačkih Selaca. Podaci koji se nalaze u radu dobiveni su terenskim istraživanjem, izlaskom na proizvodne površine istraživanog obrta, ekonomsko dvorište, uvidom u poslovne knjige, te putem intervjua s nositeljem i djelatnicima obrta u poljoprivredi. Istraživanjem je utvrđeno da je istraživani obrt ostvario zadovoljavajuće prinose krmiva. Kulture koje su uzgajane su: kukuruz, kukuruz za silažu, pšenica, tritikal, ječam, suncokret i talijanski ljulj. Ostvarenju visokih prinosa pomogla je dobra agrotehnika, ali i vremenske prilike koje su bile pogodne. Proizvodnja mlijeka na obrtu je na visokoj razini od 24,5 l/dan/kravi, a prirast junadi u tovu je 1,37 kg/dan/grlu. Odnos proizvodnje i potrošnje krmiva je u malom deficitu na sijenu. U budućem razdoblju, s ciljem povećanja proizvodnje krmiva, mogla bi se uzgajati lucerna i djetelinsko travne smjese, za sijeno koje najviše nedostaje na obrtuAim of this research was to show the established system of fodder production for cattle feeding at agricultural craft AGRO-LER from Selci Đakovački. Data for the research were obtained by field research, insight into business books and inteview with farm manager and employees. The research has shown that the agricultural craft realizes satisfactory yields of fodder crops, which include: maize for grain and silage, wheat, triticale, barley, sunflower and italian ryegrass. High yields were atributed to good agronomy and favourable wheather conditions. The milk production was apprised high (in average 24,5 l(per/cow/day) as well as average daily gain of fattening steers (1,37 kg/head/day). Fodder production and consumtion are well balanced except for the hay which is in a little lack. Author recomends the introduction of lucerne and grasss-clover mixtures as hay crops to compensate for the lack of hay
Fodder production and use for horse nutrition at Ivan Mesarić breeding property from Slakovci
No full textIstraţivani subjekt posjeduje 4,9 ha trajnih travnjaka i 1 ha oranica. Trenutno je 12 grla na gospodarstvu. Konjima je omogućena kontinuirana ispaša tijekom toplog dijela godine, kada ispaša čini jedinu krmu. Tokom hladnog dijela godine konji se hrane sijenom i zrnom crne zobi i kukuruza. Sva potrebna krma osim crne zobi i kukuruza proizvodi se na gospodarstvu. Primijenjena hranidba omogućuje dobru radnu kondiciju i zdravlje konja. Ostvarni porinosi krmiva (sijena i ispaše) su u skladu s očkivanima za koninentalnu Hrvatsku, i zadovoljavajući su jer istraţivani subjekt cjelokupne hranidbene potrebe svoga stada podmiruje iz vlastite proizvodnje. Na istraţivanom gospodarstvu je napasivanjem konja, osim ljetne hranidbe, uspješno je zadovoljena i potreba ţivotinja za slobodnim kretanjem. S obzirom da se zrno ţitarica za hranidbu konja nabavlja kupovinom izvan gospodarstva, autorica predlaţe povećanje zemljišnih resursa, bolje putem zakupa oraničnih površina negoli kupovinom, jer takav način ne iziskuje kapitalna ulaganja. Konji su iz istraţivanog slučaja pokazaju dobru kondiciju i radnu sposobnost, koja je posljedica pravilne hranidbe i dobrog treninga.The aim of the research was to show the production and use of feeds for horse feeding by breeder Ivan Mesarić from Slakovec. The researched subject owns 4.9 ha of permanent grasslands and 1 ha of arable land used for the production of fodder for feeding 12 horses. Horses are allowed continuous grazing during the warm part of the year, when grazing is the only feed. During the cold part of the year, horses are fed hay and grain of black oats and maize. The applied nutrition enables good working condition and health of horses. Actual feed yields (hay and pasture) are in line with expectations for continental Croatia, and are satisfactory. Applied agronomy was in line with the possibilities and provided satisfactory yields. On the investigated farm, in addition to summer feeding, the need for free movement was successfully satisfied by grazing the horses. Since the cereals grain is bought-in, author advices the owner to acquire some more land by leasing. Horses from the studied case show good condition and working ability, which is a consequence of proper nutrition and good training
PRODUCTION AND HARVEST OF LUCERNE ON FAMILY FARM MATO PETRIČEVIĆ FROM BABINA GREDA
Get PDFCilj istraživanja bio je prikazati proizvodne uvjete, primijenjenu agrotehniku i ostvarene rezultate proizvodnje lucerne na OPG-u Mato Petričević iz Babine Grede. Terensko istraživanje provedeno je putem višekratnih izlazaka na proizvodne površine istraživanog gospodarstva, ekonomska dvorišta, proizvodne objekte (staje) i skladišta, uvidom u poslovne knjige, te putem metode intervjua s nositeljem gospodarstva i djelatnicima na gospodarstvu. Na istraživanom OPG-u većina primijenjenih elemenata agrotehnike u proizvodnji lucerne bila je u skladu s pravilima struke, osim gnojidbe i kemijskih svojstava tla izabrane površine. Relativno nizak prinos sijena prvog otkosa mlade lucerne najvjerojatnije je bio posljedica kiselosti tla izabrane parcele te izostanak organske gnojidbe i gnojidbe fosforom. Za povećanje prinosa sijena lucerne na površinama sličnih svojstava preporučuje prije zasnivanja novih lucerišta provesti gnojidbu stajnjakom i fosforom te provesti kalcizaciju.The aim of this study was to show the production conditions, the applied agricultural technology and the achieved results of lucerne production on family farms Mato Petričević from Babina Greda. Field research was conducted through multiple dates on the production areas of that economy, economic yards, manufacturing facilities (stables) and the warehouse, inspect the books and through the methods of interviews with the leader of and workers on the farm. The study has revealed that most of the elements of applied agricultural technology in the production of lucerne were in accordance with the rules of the profession, except soil fertilization and chemical properties of soil. The relatively low yield of hay in the first cut was most likely a result of soil acidity and the absence of organic fertilizers and phosphorus fertilization. To increase the yield of lucerne hay in areas with similar soil properties there was recommended to do the calcification, manuring and phosphorus fertilization
SILAGE SROGHUM PRODUCTION FOR BIOGAS
Get PDFCilj ovog rada bio je prikazati proizvodnost biomase i suhe tvari sirka za bioplin u uvjetima 2013. godine u Dalju te procjenu prinosa bioplina i metana po jedinici površine. Ispitivanje proizvodnosti biomase i suhe tvari provedeno je metodom poljskog pokusa, a procjena prinosa bioplina i metana korištenjem referentnih prinosa po kilogramu suhe tvari biomase iz literaturnih podataka. Ostvareni prinosi suhe tvari biomase sirkova kretali su se u rasponu od 6,8t/ha do 17,0 t/ha, ovisno o genotipu, a procijenjeni prinosi bioplina od 4110 nm3/ha do 10276 nm3/ha i metana od 2090 nm3/ha do 5225 nm3/ha , također ovisno o ispitivanom genotipu sirka. Relativno niski prinosi suhe tvari biomase u odnosu na proizvodni potencijal ispitivanih genotipova može se objasniti nepovoljnim okolišnim uvjetima tijekom provođenja poljskog pokusa. Rezultati ispitivanja proizvodnosti biomase i suhe tvari mogu smatrati visoko relevantnima za manje povoljne okoliše, a procijenjeni prinosi bioplina i metana trebaju se prihvatiti s oprezom jer je primijenjena formula procjene na temelju prinosa bioplina po jedinici suhe tvari biomase, bez uvažavanja razlika u kvaliteti biomase među ispitivanim genotipovima. Posebnosti kvalitete pojedinih genotipova nisu bile ispitane u vrijeme izrade ovoga rada zbog ograničenosti istraživačkih resursaThe aim of this study was to present biomass and dry matter productivity of sorghums for biogas in the conditions of 2013 in Dalj, and to estimate the biogas and methane yield per unit area. Investigation of biomass and dry matter yield was conducted by field trial and estimation of biogas and methane yield by using reference yields per kg od dry matter of the biomass from the literature data. Realized average dry matter yields varied from 6.8t/ha to 17,0 t/ha, depending on the sorghum genotype. Estimated biogas yields varied from 4110 nm3/ha to 10276 nm3/ha and methane yield from 2090 nm3/ha to 5225 nm3/ha, depending on the genotype too. Yields of dry matter of the biomass were relatively low in comparison with the potential productivity of investigated silage sorghums due to unfavorable environmental conditions during the study. The biomass and dry matter productivity may be considered highly relevant to less favorable environmental conditions, but estimate yields of biogas and methane should be considered with caution due to method of estimation – i.e. “flat rate” coefficients regardless the genotypes’ herbage quality specialties.
The genotypes herbage quality specialties’ were not analyzed due to limited research resources.
Lucerne as a crop for grazing and zero-grazing for ruminants
Get PDFCilj rada bio je istražiti hranidbenu vrijednost lucerne kao pašne kulture, prinose krme i proizvodnost životinja na ispaši lucernom. Istraživanje je provedeno pregledom literature. Svježa zelena lucerna se pokazala visokokvalitetnom voluminoznom krmom bogatom sirovim bjelančevinama, ali nedovoljno bogata energijom za visoku proizvodnost preživača (mliječnost i priraste tjelesne mase) te sa značajno višim sadržajem sirovih vlakana, NDF-a i ADF-a negoli u suvremenim TMR-obrocima. Zbog toga se očekuje niska proizvodnost stoke hranjene ispašom na lucerni. Ipak, hranidbeni pokusi u raznim dijelovima svijeta pokazali su da se uz manji ili uobičajen dodatak koncentriranih krmiva uz ispašu na lucerni ili njenoj smjesi s travama može postići dobra proizvodnost tovnih, pa čak i mliječnih goveda. Lucerna se može smatrati vrlo interesantnom pašnom kulturom zbog boljeg prirasta biljne mase tijekom ljeta negoli ga imaju livadne i pašnjačke trave, a projicirana cijena koštanja ispaše lucerne je niža od najzastupljenijih voluminoznih krmiva – silaže nadzemne mase kukuruza i sijena lucerne. Osim ekonomskih prednosti, napasivanje na lucerni donijelo bi i ekološke jer lucerna omogućuje veću bioraznolikost negoli silažni kukuruz, i manju emisiju CO2 i pesticida negoli silažni kukuruz. Prelaskom na ispašu na lucerni i smjesi s travama, ostala bi potreba uzgoja kukuruza za proizvodnju zrna kojim bi se korigirala energetska vrijednost lucerne. Prije čvrste preporuke uvođenja lucerne u praksu napasivanja, gore navedene zaključke bi trebalo trebalo provjeriti u poljskim i hranidbenim pokusima. Osobito važno je provjeriti sigurnost izbjegavanja nadama koristeći u radu opisane mjere prevencije.The aim of the study was to investigate the nutritional value of lucerne as grazing crop, forage yields and production of animals grazing lucerne. The research was conducted by literature review. Fresh green lucerne has proved to be a high-quality voluminous fodder, rich with crude protein, but not rich enough with energy for high production in ruminants (milk production and body mass gain) and also with significant higher crude fiber content, NDF and ADF than in modern TMR meals. Therefore, low production in livestock grazing on lucerne is expected. However, experiments worldwide have shown that with a minor or the usual addition of concentrated fodder to lucerne grazing or its mixture with herbs, a good production in both beef and dairy cattle can be achieved. Lucerne can be considered as a very interesting grazing crop because of its better plant mass growth during summer than in meadows and pasture grass. Also, the projected cost of grazing lucerne is lower than cost of the most common voluminous fodder - silage of aboveground mass of maize and lucerne hay. Besides the economic benefits, grazing lucerne would also have environmental benefits because lucerne provides larger biodiversity, less CO2 emission and pesticides than maize silage. By switching to lucerne grazing and mixture with herbs, there would still be the need to grow maize for grain production to correct the energy value of lucerne. Before strongly recommending the introduction of lucerne as grazing crop, the conclusions above should be more experimentally tested. It is especially important to test the security of avoiding tympany by using the prevention methods described in this study
Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) annual yield andits distribution
No full textCilj istraživanja bio je prikazati godišnji prinos suhe tvari esparzete i distribuciju prinosa na pojedine otkose na području sjeveroistočne Hrvatska, u polusušnoj klimi i na dubokom plodnom tlu. Istraživanje je provedeno putem poljskog pokusa, a parcela za pokus nalazila se na pokušalištu Fakulteta agrobiotehničkih znanosti Osijek pokraj Tenje. Mjerenje prinosa i distribucije prinosa nadzemne mase esparzete provedeno je u ekstremno sušnoj vegetacijskoj sezoni 2022. godine. Nizak izmjereni godišnji prinos suhe tvari nadzemne mase esparzete (4,48 t/ha) bio je posljedica utjecaja suše, ali i proljetnoga roka sjetve, za koji je ppznato da daje manje prinose u prvoj godini korištenja negoli su prinosi nakon kasnoljetnog roka sjetve prethodne godine. Izmjereni prinos esparzete nije bio mnogo manji od literaturnih podataka za prinos lucerne nakon proljetne sjetve. Ako bi se takva analogija zadržala i u narednim godinama, čini se da bi esparzeta mogla biti interesantna alternativa lucerni zahvaljujući sadržaju kondenziranih tanina koji nude zdravstvene pogodnosti za stoku. Distribucija prinosa je pokazala da je prvi otkos sudjelovao s oko 69 % godišnjeg prinosa, drugi otkos s 20 %, a treći s 11 %, što je manje ravnomjerno u odnosu na lucernu.The goal of the research was to show the annual yield of dry matter of sainfoin and the distribution
of yield on individual cuts in the area of northeastern Croatia, in a semi-arid climate and on deep fertile soil.
The research was conducted through a field experiment, and the plot for the experiment was located at the
experimental site of the Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek near Tenja. The measurement of the
yield and distribution of the above-ground mass of sainfoin was carried out in the extremely dry vegetation
season of 2022. The low measured annual yield of aboveground herbage dry matter of sainfoin (4.48 t/ha)
was a consequence of the drought, but also of the spring sowing period, which is known to give lower yields
in the first year of use than the yields after the late summer sowing period of the previous year. The measured
yield of sainfoin was not much lower than the literature data for the yield of alfalfa after spring sowing. If
such an analogy were to be maintained in the coming years, it seems that sainfoin could be an interesting
alternative to alfalfa thanks to the content of condensed tannins that offer health benefits for livestock. The
yield distribution showed that the first swath participated with about 69% of the annual yield, the second
swath with 20%, and the third with 11%, which is less evenly compared to alfalfa
Projecting the dry matter consumption for the purpose of forage systems planning
No full textCilj istraživanja bio je izraditi projekcije konzumacije suhe tvari TMR-obroka za konvencionalno hranjena goveda, te ispaše i uskladištenih voluminoznih krmiva za goveda hranjena u grass-fed sustavima. Projekcije su provedene na temelju literaturnih spoznaja. Projekcije su pokazale da se razne govedarske proizvodnje međusobno razlikuju po dnevnoj konzumaciji i po godišnjim kumulantama konzumirane suhe tvari po grlu ovisno o tome da li je stoka hranjena TMR-obrocima ili u grass-fed sustavu. Godišnje kumulante projicirane za stoku u grass-fed sustavima bile su manje negoli za stoku hranjenu TMR-obrocima jer je u grass-fed mliječnom govedarstvu očekivana manja dnevna konzumacija zbog nedostatka koncentriranih krmiva u obrocima i zbog manje mliječnosti po grlu, a u tovu junadi zato što je očekivani prirast na paši, a osobito zimi na sijenu, manji od prirasta junadi hranjenih TMR-obrocima, što za posljedicu ima manju tjelesnu masu junadi i manju dnevnu konzumaciju krmiva. Projekcije su pokazale da se najveća dnevna konzumacija krmiva treba očekivati za vrijeme laktacije muznih krava, dojenja teladi u sustavu krava-tele i u drugoj polovici tova kod tova junadi. Ta spoznaja omogućuje sinkroniziranje ponude ispaše s najvećim potrebama što je izuzetno važno u grass-fed sustavima gdje se ispaša koristi kao najjeftinija i najkvalitetnija krma.The aim of the research was to create projections of dry matter consumption of total mixed ration (TMR) for conventionally fed cattle, as well as pasture and stored forages for cattle fed in grass-feed systems. The projections showed that the livestock productions curves differ in daily and cumulative annual dry matter consumption per head, depending on whether the livestock is TMR-fed or grass-fed, because in grass-fed dairy farming, the expected daily consumption is lower due to lack of concentrates and lower milk production per head, and in beef cattle fattening because expected weight gain on pasture, and especially in winter with hay, is lower than the weight gain of beef cattle fed TMR, resulting in lower body weight and lower daily feed consumption. The projections revealed that the highest daily feed consumption is expected during lactation of dairy cows, calf nursing in cow-calf systems, and in the second half of the fattening period for beef cattle. This knowledge enables synchronization of pasture availability with the highest intake needs, which is extremely important in grass-feed systems where pasture is used as the cheapest and highest-quality feed
Livestock grazing as an option for croatian farmers
No full textCilj rada bio je istražiti koje prednosti i nedostatke donosi napasivanje stoke tijekom pašne sezone umjesto sadašnje prevladavajuće prakse cjelogodišnje hranidbe uskladištenim krmivima. Istraživanje je pokazalo da Hrvatska posjeduje značajne resurse za proizvodnju voluminozne krme. Krmno bilje se uzagaja na oko 100.000 ha obradivog zemljišta i raste na oko 800.000 do 1,5 milijuna ha trajnih travnjaka (ovisno o godištu statističkog ljetopisa). Napasivanje stoke se može provoditi na trajnim travnjacima, na oraničnim krmnim kulturama i u silvo-pastoralnim sustavima. U prilog napasivanju stoke idu nalazi da je ispaša oko 50 % jeftinija od uskladištenih krmiva, te da je kvaliteta izvornog, svježeg zelenog biljnog materijala, uvijek veća od bilo kojeg uskladištenog oblika od iste voluminozne krme. Zbog toga je u krmnim sustavima s uključenom ispašom korisno maksimalizirati udio ispaše u ukupnoj godišnjoj konzumaciji krmiva. To se postiže produžavanjem pašne sezone u kasnu jesen i do početka zime, i sinkronizacijom najvećih hranidbenih potreba stoke s najvećom ponudom ispaše. Za održavanje tratine u dobroj kondiciji (brzoga porasta i visokog godišnjeg prinosa) potrebno je nakon kratke ispaše omogućiti dovoljno dugo razdoblje nesmetane regeneracije tratine. Za održavanje tla u povoljnom stanju poroznosti i plodnosti, potrebno je pašnjake rasteretiti od stoke tijekom zime i tijekom razdoblja kada je tlo raskvašeno (poslije jače ili duže kiše). Za pašno stočarstvo treba odabrati otpornije pasmine koje su skromnijih zahtjeva za smještajem i hranidbom, te bolje iskorištavaju voluminozna krmiva (jersey i aubrac) u odnosu na najmodernije intenzivne pasmine (holstein i belgijsko plavo govedo). Pronađeni nedostatci napasivanja jesu potreba kontinuiranog prilagođavanja ponudi ispaše i stanju na terenu, koje je obično vrlo dinamično. Pašna sezona može biti prekinuta zbog nedostatka ispaše tijekom ljetne suše ili zbog očuvanja tla i tratine u slučaju jače kiše, pa je zbog toga potrebno imati na raspolaganju uskladištena voluminozna krmiva i tijekom pašne sezone. Produktivnost (po grlu) stoke na paši bez prihrane koncentratima je značajno manja od produktivnosti stoke hranjene obrocima bogatima koncentratima, što može biti suprotno ambicijama farmera, iako mikroekonomski ne mora biti slabije od intenzivne proizvodnje.The aim of the study was to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of livestock grazing during the grazing season instead of the current prevailing practice of feeding stored fodder all year round. The research showed that Croatia has significant resources for the production of forage. Forage plants are grown on about 100,000 ha of arable land and grow on about 800,000 to 1.5 million ha of permanent grasslands (depending on the year of the statistical yearbook). Grazing of livestock can be carried out on permanent grasslands, on arable forage crops and in silvo-pastoral systems. The findings in favor of livestock grazing are that grazed herbage is about 50 % cheaper than stored forage, and that the quality of the original, fresh green plant material is always higher than any stored form of the same forage. Therefore, in feeding systems with grazing included, it is useful to maximize the share of grazed forage in the total annual fodder consumption. This is achieved by extending the grazing season into late autumn and early winter, and by synchronizing the highest nutritional needs of livestock with the highest pasture herbage supply. To maintain the grassland in good condition (rapid growth and high annual yield), it is necessary to allow a sufficiently long period of undisturbed regeneration of the grassland after short grazing. To maintain the soil in a favorable state of porosity and fertility, it is necessary to relieve the pastures of livestock pressure during the winter and during periods when the soil is wet (after heavy or prolonged rain). For grazing livestock, more resistant breeds should be selected that have modest housing and feeding requirements, and make better use of forages (Jersey and Aubrac) compared to the modern intensive breeds (Holstein and Belgian Blue). The shortcomings of grazing have been found to be the need for continuous adaptation to the pasture herbage supply and to the situation on pastures, which is usually very dynamic. The grazing season may be interrupted due to a lack of herbage during a summer drought or to preserve the soil and sward in the event of heavy rain, so it is necessary to have stored forages available during the grazing season. The productivity (per head) of grazing livestock without supplemental concentrates is significantly lower than the productivity of livestock fed diets rich in concentrates, which may be contrary to the ambitions of farmers, although the microeconomic may not be poorer than in intensive systems
Red clover (Trifolium pratens L.) annual yield and its distribution
No full textCilj istraživanja bio je ustanoviti prinos i distribuciju prinosa crvene djeteline po pojedinim otkosima tijekom 2022. godine na jednoj lokaciji u istočnoj Hrvatskoj. Istraživanje je provedeno putem poljskog pokusa na parceli pokušališta Fakulteta agrobiotehničkih zanosti Osijek pokraj Tenje. Sjetva i košnja pokusnih parcela obavljeni su ručno.Godišnji prinosi zelene mase i suhe tvari u provedenome poljskom pokusu bili su vrlo niski i mnogo niži negoli prinosi o kojima su izvijestili prethodni istraživači. Pretpostavlja se da su dva uzroka onemogućila ostvarenje proizvodnog potencijala crvene djeteline: 1.) izrazito mala količina oborina tijekom vegetacije crvene djeteline, koja je bila povezana s jakom sušom, i 2.) kasnozimski (blizu proljetni) rok sjetve, zbog čega su mlade biljčice dočekale jaku i dugotrajnu sušu sa slabije i pliće razvijenim korijenom negoli što bi imale one koje bi prezimjele, to jest, starije i dobro ukorijenjene biljke. Propusti u provedbi pokusa (neuspjelo zasnivanje crvene djeteline jesenskom sjetvom 27. rujna) pokazale su da se za uspješno prezimljenje mladoga usjeva ne treba kasniti s rokom sjetve nakon tradicionalno preporučenoga roka (15. kolovoza do 8. rujna) unatoč klimatskim promjenama (zatopljenje, produženje ljeta i skraćenje zime). U pogledu distribucije prinosa, ona je bila uobičajena: najprinosniji je bio prvi otkos, slijedio je drugi otkos, a najmanji je bio treći, odnosno zadnji otkos. Pretpostavlja se da bi u slučaju uspješnog prezimljenja mladoga usjeva, bilo moguće ostvariti barem četiri otkosa tijekom vegetacije, s godišnjom sumom prinosa suhe tvari od oko 10 t/ha.The aim of the research was to reveal the red clover forage yield and its distribution to individual cuts during 2022 at one location in eastern Croatia. The research was conducted through a field experiment on the plot of the experimental site of the Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek near Tenja. Seeding and mowing of the experimental plots were done manually. The annual yields of fresh herbage and forage dry matter in the conducted field experiment were very low and much lower than the yields reported by previous researchers. It is assumed that two causes prevented the realization of the production potential of red clover: 1.) an extremely low amount of precipitation during the red clover vegetation, which was associated with a severe drought, and 2.) the late winter (near the early spring) seeding date, which is why the young plants met a strong and long-lasting drought with weaker and more shallowly developed roots than would older and well-rooted plants. Failed establishment of red clover by autumn seeding on September 27 has shown that, in order to achieve the successful overwintering of the young crop, the seeding date should not be delayed beyond the traditionally recommended (August 15 to September 8) despite climate changes (warming, extended summer and shortened winter). Regarding the yield distribution, it was usual: the most yielding was the first cut, followed by the second cut, and the smallest was the third, or the last cut. It is assumed that in case of successful overwintering of the young crop, it would be possible to achieve at least four cuts during the growing season, with an annual sum of dry matter yield of about 10 t/ha
Perennail ryegrass (Dactiliys glomoreta L.) annual yield and its distribution
No full textCilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi prinos zelene mase i suhe tvari engleskog ljulja u uvjetima
sjeveroistočne Hrvatske. Istraživanje je provedeno putem poljskog pokusa pokraj Tenje. Engleski ljulj je
zasijan 27. rujna 2021., a prinos je utvrđivan u četiri roka (3. svibnja, 8. lipnja, 13. srpnja i 7. rujna 2022.)
putem ručne košnje srpom ili kosom. Na temelju provedenog istraživanja može se zaključiti da je ostvareni
godišnji prinos suhe tvari engleskog ljulja od 7.352 kg/ha bio nizak, niži negoli u prethodnim istraživanjima
drugih autora u raznim dijelovima svijeta. Glavni uzrok niskoga prinosa je u iznimno sušnim prilikama
tijekom vegetacije engleskog ljulja, te u rijetkom sklopu usjeva nakon prezimljenja, što je bilo povezano s
vrlo niskim prinosom prvoga porasta (samo 910 kg/ha suhe tvari), koji bi uobičajeno trebao biti najprinosniji.
Tijekom porasta ljulja nakon prve košnje, ljulj je nabusao i uspio ostvariti zadovoljavajući prinos drugoga
porasta od 5.997 kg/ha suhe tvari. Pod pretpostavkom da bi u normalnim uvjetima prinos prvog porasta
trebao biti sličan prinosu drugoga porasta (pa čak i veći), engleski ljulj bi unatoč sušnim prilikama ostvario
godišnji prinos od oko 13 t/ha suhe tvari, što je više nego zadovoljavajuće u polusušnom klimatu istočne
Hrvatske, za krmnu kulturu osjetljvu na sušu, a kakva je engleski ljulj.The goal of the research was to determine the yield of green mass and of dry matter of perennial
ryegrass under the conditions of northeastern Croatia. The research was conducted through a field experiment
near Tenja. Perennial ryegrass was seeded on September 27, 2021, and the yield was determined in four
terms (May 3, June 8, July 13, and September 7, 2022) by hand mowing with a sickle or scythe. Based on the
conducted research, it can be concluded that the achieved annual dry matter yield of perennial ryegrass of
7,352 kg/ha was low, lower than in previous researches by other authors in various parts of the world. The
main cause of the low yield was extremely dry weather during the growing season of perennial ryegrass, as
well as a thin stand of ryegrass crop after overwintering, which was connected with the very low yield of the
first spring growth (only 910 kg/ha of dry matter), which should normally be the most productive. During the
growth of ryegrass after the first mowing, thanks to tillering, ryegrass managed to achieve a satisfactory yield
of the second growth of 5,997 kg/ha of dry matter. Assuming that under normal conditions the yield of the
first growth should be similar to the yield of the second growth (and even higher), perennial ryegrass would
achieve an annual yield of about 13 t/ha of dry matter despite the dry conditions, what would be more than
satisfactory in the semi-arid climate of the East Croatia, for forage crop that is sensitive to drought (what
perennial ryegrass is)
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