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Pengembangan Indeks Ketahanan Pangan dan Gizi untuk Evaluasi Kinerja Pembangunan Ketahanan Pangan dan Gizi Provinsi di Indonesia
No full textPemenuhan hak atas pangan yang dilakukan dengan sungguh-sungguh oleh setiap negara merupakan kunci utama dalam memerangi kelaparan dan kemiskinan. Isu ketahanan pangan sejak lama telah menjadi fokus utama dan memiliki peran penting dalam pembangunan. Saat ini, isu ketahanan pangan dan gizi muncul terkait dengan perlunya mengintegrasikan aspek gizi ke dalam pembangunan ketahanan pangan. Konsep ketahanan pangan dan gizi (Food and Nutrition Security) mulai digunakan FAO dan badan internasional lainnya sebagai konsep untuk mengintegrasikan aspek gizi dalam pembangunan ketahanan pangan. Beberapa indikator dan indeks telah dikembangkan pada level global untuk menilai situasi ketahanan pangan serta melakukan perankingan. Namun belum terdapat ukuran yang dapat diimplementasikan untuk level regional (tingkat provinsi), khususnya untuk mengevaluasi capaian ketahanan pangan dan gizi provinsi di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan indeks ketahanan pangan dan gizi provinsi di Indonesia.
Desain penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional, menggunakan data sekunder dari 32 provinsi dan nasional yang dipublikasi tahun 2010 dan 2013. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada Bulan Maret hingga Agustus 2017. Penelitian ini terdiri dari empat tahap: identifikasi indikator potensial, seleksi indikator, penyusunan indeks, dan evaluasi. Terdapat 51 indikator potensial ketahanan pangan dan gizi yang kemudian diseleksi berdasarkan empat kriteria relevansi, eliminasi redundancy, ketersediaan data pada level provinsi dan nasional, serta rasionaliasi berdasarkan konsep ketahanan pangan dan gizi. Seleksi indikator menghasilkan 23 indikator yang digunakan untuk menyusun indeks ketahanan pangan dan gizi, yang terdiri dari lima indikator pada pilar ketersediaan pangan, enam indikator pilar keterjangkauan pangan, dan duabelas indikator pada pilar pemanfaatan pangan. Analisis multivariate dengan pendekatan analisis komponen utama (Principal Component Analysis/PCA) digunakan untuk menyusun indeks berdasarkan pilar ketahanan pangan dan gizi yaitu indeks ketersediaan pangan dihitung menggunakan lima indikator, indeks keterjangkauan pangan dihitung menggunakan enam indikator, dan indeks pemanfaatan pangan dihitung menggunakan duabelas indikator. Penyusunan indeks ketahanan pangan dan gizi dengan pendekatan PCA menggunakan 23 indikator terseleksi (gabungan seluruh indikator dari tiga pilar: ketersediaan pangan, keterjangkauan pangan dan pemanfaatan pangan). Model matematis yang dihasilkan oleh komponen utama pertama dari setiap hasil analisis PCA (dengan nilai total keragaman maksimum) digunakan untuk menyusun indeks ketersediaan, indeks keterjangkauan, indeks pemanfaatan serta indeks gabungan yaitu indeks ketahanan pangan dan gizi.
Aspek ketersediaan bukanlah hambatan capaian pembangunan ketahanan pangan dan gizi di Indonesia. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari capaian seluruh provinsi yang termasuk dalam kategori tahan pada tahun 2010 dan 2013 (rentang nilai indeks ketersediaan pangan berkisar antara -2 ≤ indeks ≤ 4). Ditinjau dalam aspek keterjangkauan pangan, masih menjadi kendala capaian pembangunan ketahanan
pangan dan gizi di Indonesia. Lebih dari sebagian provinsi di Indonesia tergolong rentan dan tidak tahan pada tahun 2010 dan 2013 (rentang nilai indeks keterjangkauan pangan berkisar antara -3 ≤ indeks ≤ 4). Aspek keterjangkauan pangan yang terkait dengan akses fisik dan akses ekonomi masih menjadi hambatan pembangunan ketahanan pangan dan gizi, terutama di wilayah Indonesia timur. Diindikasikan masih rendahnya proporsi jalan beraspal dan proporsi penduduk tidak miskin dan tahan pangan. Masih rendahnya capaian pilar keterjangkauan pangan tersebut berpengaruh terhadap aspek pemanfaatan pangan, yaitu lebih dari sebagian provinsi di Indonesia termasuk dalam kategori rentan dan tidak tahan pada tahun 2010 dan 2013 (rentang nilai indeks pemanfaatan antara -4 ≤ indeks ≤ 4). Aspek status gizi dan sanitasi yang memadai masih menjadi kendala capaian pilar pemanfaatan pangan, terutama di provinsi yang berada wilayah Indonesia timur.
Secara agregat, capaian ketahanan pangan dan gizi nasional masih jauh dari harapan. Sebagian besar provinsi di Indonesia memiliki indeks yang rendah, termasuk dalam kategori rentan dan tidak tahan (rentang nilai indeks ketahanan pangan dan gizi berkisar antara -5 ≤indeks ≤ 6). Ditinjau pada aspek ketersediaan, secara nasional termasuk kategori tahan namun aspek keterjangkauan pangan dan pemanfaatan pangan masih menjadi hambatan kinerja pembangunan ketahanan pangan dan gizi di Indonesia. Provinsi Bali memiliki capaian terbaik kinerja ketahanan pangan dan gizi pada tahun 2013, sedangkan Provinsi NTT memiliki capaian terendah dari 32 provinsi di Indonesia pada tahun 2010 dan 2013. Secara umum, wilayah tahan pangan dan gizi memiliki karakteristik tingginya proporsi penduduk yang memiliki akses air bersih dan sanitasi memadai, tingginya proporsi penduduk tidak miskin serta tingginya prevalensi anak balita tidak stunting dan anak balita tidak underweight (PC1>0,3). Fokus program untuk mengurangi prevalensi anak balita stunting, prevalensi anak balita underweight, proporsi rumahtangga di bawah garis kemiskinan serta proporsi rumahtangga dengan akses sanitasi dan air bersih yang tidak memadai merupakan indikator kunci untuk meningkatkan kinerja ketahanan pangan dan gizi, terutama provinsi di Indonesia timur
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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