1,720,985 research outputs found
Durability: importance in competition success across different age-related road cycling categories and training strategies to improve it.
No full textIntroduction: In addition to maximal oxygen consumption, lactate threshold and efficiency, durability has been recently shown to be an additional parameter determining long duration endurance sports performance. The influence of durability on success in different road cycling age-categories is yet to known. Furthermore, effective training strategies to improve durability have not been explored. Therefore, the aims of this thesis are (i) to understand the impact of durability on success in Junior (JUN), Under 23 (U23) and Professional (PRO) road cycling categories and (ii) to investigate effective training strategies to improve durability.
Study 1: This study aimed to investigate cross sectional differences in race demands between junior, under 23 and professional road cycling categories. Race data collected during the 2019 season of thirty male road cyclists (10 for each category) were retrospectively analysed for race characteristics, external, and internal competition load. JUN races were shorter and included less elevation gain per distance unit compared to U23 and PRO races, but more internally demanding. JUN produced lower record powers output in the moderate-, heavy-, and severe-intensity exercise domains compared with U23 and PRO. U23 and PRO races presented similar work demands per hour and record power outputs, but PRO races were longer than U23.
Study 2: This study investigated the field-derived power performance parameters associate with competition success in road cycling climbing specialists of different age-related categories. Training and racing data of fifty-three male climbers participated in this study (junior [JUN], n = 15; under 23 [U23], n = 21; professional [PRO], n = 17) collected during the 2016-19 competitive seasons were retrospectively analysed for record power outputs (RPOs) and RPOs after prior accumulated work to evaluate durability. For each category, cyclists were classified as high-ranked or low-ranked based on the placement in the final season general ranking of their category. Superior absolute and relative RPOs at rested state characterize high-ranked vs low-ranked JUN climbing specialists. Superior durability
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characterized high-ranked U23 and PRO climbers compared with their low-ranked counterpart, as well as PRO versus U23 climbers high-ranked climbers.
Study 3: This investigation examined cross sectional difference in training characteristics between JUN, U23 and PRO male road cyclists. Training data collected during the 2019 competitive season of thirty male cyclists, ten for each age-related categories (JUN; U23; PRO), were retrospectively analysed for training characteristics, external and internal training load. JUN spent more training time at medium and high heart rate intensity zones compared to U23 and PRO. Higher duration per training session were observed in PRO compared to both U23 and JUN. Elevation gain per distance was higher in PRO compared to U23 and JUN, and in U23 compared to JUN.
Study 4: This study described the day-by-day training and racing characteristics in preparation to Giro d'Italia of one world class road cyclist who achieved a place on the podium in the final general classification of the Giro d’Italia. Daily load, daily volume and intensity distribution derived from power meter training and racing data of the 152 days leading up to the podium in the Giro d'Italia final general classification were reported. During training, a pattern alternating ‘hard days’ versus ‘easy days’ was observed, as significant amounts of medium or high intensity or load were not performed for more than two consecutive days. This pattern was achieved combining high volume (> 4 hrs) with significant amount of medium and high intensity within the same training sessions.
Study 5: This study investigated if performing high-intensity training (HIT) at the end of long low-intensity training sessions enhances durability. Twenty trained cyclists were randomly allocated to one of two four-week training interventions (CON, n=10 and INT, n=10). INT performed HIT at the end of long low-intensity sessions, while CON performed HIT and long low-intensity sessions on separate days. Weekly training was matched for overall volume and time in zones. An incremental test to determine the first and second ventilatory thresholds, and
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a 5-min time trial, was performed in a rested state and after 2.5-h cycling pre- and post-intervention. The data revealed some distinct differences in adaptations to physiological variables depending on the timing of HIT. Specifically, performing HIT in standalone short-duration sessions tended to favor adaptations in the rested state, while performing HIT at the end of long low intensity trainings sessions tended to favor adaptations after 2.5 hours of low-intensity cycling. These results indicate that the timing of HIT has an impact on durability-related adaptations in trained cyclists.
Conclusions: This thesis suggests as durability is a factor determining competition results in U23 and PRO but not JUN road cycling category. Successful PRO road cyclists have superior durability compared to successful U23 and JUN cyclists, therefore young riders stepping up to the professional category should develop durability. Regarding this, this thesis also suggests as performing high-intensity training at the end of long low-intensity training sessions could be an effective training strategy to improve durability
The kenning of hringa fengel from Beowulf to The Lord of the Rings
No full textopenLaureando: Gallo, Gabriele
Titolo tesi: La kenning del hringa fengel da Beowulf a Il Signore degli Anelli
Indirizzo di studi: Lingue, letterature e mediazione culturale [L-12]
Relatore: Hashem Abdo Khalaf, Omar
Questa tesi mira a studiare la figura retorica del ‘donatore di anelli’ dalla letteratura inglese medievale alla sua trasposizione nelle opere fantasy del professor J.R.R. Tolkien, conducendo uno studio storico e filologico dell’opera Beowulf e della letteratura ad essa contemporanea.
Oggetto di questa tesi è la kenning (pl. kenningar) del hringa fengel, ‘dispensatore di anelli’, figura retorica utilizzata nelle opere in versi come Beowulf e simili. La figura rappresenta il sovrano e capo militare (che spesso coincidevano nella stessa persona) delle popolazioni inglesi nel periodo a cavallo dell’anno 1000 d.C.
Le ricerche effettuate per la stesura di questa tesi puntano a chiarificare la collocazione storica di Beowulf, l’ambiguità linguistica che circonda l’opera, e studiare la poetica e le figure retoriche contenute in esso e in altre opere contemporanee, arrivando poi a quelli che sono stati gli studi effettuati da Tolkien per il suo percorso accademico prima e autoriale poi.
Le fonti analizzate partono dallo stesso testo del Beowulf, passando per altre opere dello stesso periodo storico quali la Battaglia di Maldon e la Battaglia di Brunanburth. Sono stati condotti studi su altre opere contenute nel manoscritto originale del Beowulf, e articoli di riviste o capitoli accademici trattanti delle analisi linguistiche relative all’opera.
È stata seguita una attenta analisi delle fonti e delle opere coinvolte nello studio. I risultati hanno portato ad appurare che il professor Tolkien è stato un grande filologo e autore dalla grande inventiva, capace di conciliare elementi favolistici a leggende e miti antichi, integrando perfettamente la lingua del suo tempo ad espressioni tipiche delle saghe medievali
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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