1,720,955 research outputs found
REFRACTIVE SURGERY – NEED OR WHIM
No full textRefraktivne greške danas su globalni problem, odražavaju neusklađenost između aksijalne duljine oka i njegove optičke snage. Miopija je vrsta refraktivne greške kod koje se paralelne zrake svjetlosti koje dolaze iz beskonačnosti fokusiraju ispred mrežnice bez akomodacije oka. Kod hiperopije se paralelne zrake svjetlosti koje dolaze iz beskonačnosti fokusiraju iza neurosenzorne mrežnice bez akomodacije oka. Prezbiopija je stanje povezano sa starenjem, a do kojeg dolazi zbog progresivnog funkcionalnog opadanja akomodacijske sposobnosti kristalne leće. Astigmatizam je vrsta refraktivne greške koju karakterizira nejednaka refrakcija svjetla u različitim meridijanima. Refraktivna kirurgija je područje oftalmologije koje se bavi kirurškom korekcijom refraktivnih grešaka ljudskog oka. Može se podijeliti na refraktivnu kirurgiju rožnice koja koristi tehnike excimer lasera i incizijske postupke, i na refraktivnu kirurgiju leća. Najčešće korištena metoda je LASIK koja se izvodi u lokalnoj anesteziji. Zahvat se izvodi tako što se prvo stvori flap, a zatim se excimer laserom napravi ablacija rožnice nakon čega se flap vraća na mjesto.
Refraktivne greške moguće je korigirati na nekoliko načina, naočalama, kontaktnim lećama, ortho-k te metodama refraktivne kirurgije. Prednost naočala je što nema direktnog kontakta s očima te relativno laka zamjena, ali estetski nekim ljudima ne odgovaraju, potrebno ih je održavati čistima, nositi ih sa sobom te ne pokrivaju cjelokupno vidno polje. Kontaktne leće rješavaju zadnji problem naočala, ali s obzirom da su u direktnom kontaktu s okom, najčešći su uzrok infekcija od svih drugih metoda.
Metode refraktivne kirurgije imaju nisku stopu komplikacija i visoku učinkovitost, ali mogu uzrokovati nepovratna oštećenja oka i puno veće troškove liječenja samih komplikacija. S ekonomskog aspekta pacijenta, trošak refraktivne kirurgije u tom trenutku je velik, ali u usporedbi s troškovima zamjene, popravka ili gubitka naočala ili kontaktnih leća kroz godine ispada manji. Bitna je preoperativna procjena kojim se utvrđuje je li pacijent dobar kandidat za operaciju. Područja evaluacije uključuju dob, vrstu i stupanj refrakcijske pogreške, a zatim slijedi opsežan oftalmološki pregled nakon kojeg se pacijentu objasne svi detalji. Kako bi se komplikacije smanjile na minimum, a uspješnost maksimalno povećala postoje brojne kontraindikacije za ove zahvate kao što su: dijabetes mellitus, trudnoća, autoimune bolesti, vaskularni poremećaji kolagena, bolesti štitnjače te abnormalno cijeljenje rana. Uz to postoje i oftalmološke kontraindikacije poremećaja suznog filma, poremećaja koji se sami mogu pogoršati fotoablacijom, abnormalnosti topografije rožnice i nerefrakcijski izvori smanjenog vida. Najčešća komplikacija je suho oko, zatim nepotpuno ispravljena greška, haloo, otežana vožnja noću zbog odbljeska te infekcija. Većina ih se može spriječiti dobrom postoperativnom njegom.Refractive errors are a global problem today, reflecting a mismatch between the axial length of the eye and its optical power. Myopia is a type of refractive error in which parallel rays of light coming from infinity are focused in front of the retina without accommodation of the eye. In hyperopia, parallel rays of light coming from infinity are focused behind the neurosensory retina without accommodation of the eye. Presbyopia is a condition associated with aging, which occurs due to the progressive functional decline of the accommodative ability of the crystalline lens. Astigmatism is a type of refractive error characterized by unequal refraction of light in different meridians. Refractive surgery is a subfield of ophthalmology that deals with the surgical correction of refractive errors of the human eye. It can be divided into corneal refractive surgery, which uses excimer laser techniques and incisional procedures, and lens refractive surgery. The most commonly used method is LASIK, which is performed under local anesthesia. The operation is performed by first creating a flap, then ablating the cornea with an excimer laser, after which the flap is returned to its place.
Refractive errors can be corrected in several ways, with glasses, contact lenses, orthokeratology and refractive surgery methods. The advantage of glasses is that there is no direct contact with the eyes and they are relatively easy to replace, but aesthetically they do not suit some people, they need to be kept clean, carried with them, and they do not cover the entire field of vision. Contact lenses solve the last problem of glasses, but since they are in direct contact with the eye, they are the most common cause of infections than all other methods.
Refractive surgery methods have a low rate of complications and high efficiency, but cause irreversible damage to the eye and much higher costs of treating the complications themselves. From the patient's economic point of view, the cost of refractive surgery at that moment is high, but compared to the costs of replacing, repairing or losing glasses or contact lenses over the years, it turns out to be smaller. A preoperative assessment is essential to determine whether the patient is a good candidate for surgery. Areas of evaluation include age, type and degree of refractive error, followed by a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, after which all details are explained to the patient. In order to minimize complications and maximize success, there are numerous contraindications for these procedures, such as: diabetes mellitus, pregnancy, autoimmune diseases, vascular collagen disorders, thyroid diseases, and abnormal wound healing. In addition, there are ophthalmological contraindications for tear film disorders, disorders that can be worsened by photoablation, corneal topography abnormalities, and non-refractive sources of reduced vision. The most common complication is dry eye, then an incompletely corrected error, halo, difficulty driving at night due to glare and infections. Most of them can be prevented with good post-operative care
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
REFRACTIVE SURGERY – NEED OR WHIM
No full textRefraktivne greške danas su globalni problem, odražavaju neusklađenost između aksijalne duljine oka i njegove optičke snage. Miopija je vrsta refraktivne greške kod koje se paralelne zrake svjetlosti koje dolaze iz beskonačnosti fokusiraju ispred mrežnice bez akomodacije oka. Kod hiperopije se paralelne zrake svjetlosti koje dolaze iz beskonačnosti fokusiraju iza neurosenzorne mrežnice bez akomodacije oka. Prezbiopija je stanje povezano sa starenjem, a do kojeg dolazi zbog progresivnog funkcionalnog opadanja akomodacijske sposobnosti kristalne leće. Astigmatizam je vrsta refraktivne greške koju karakterizira nejednaka refrakcija svjetla u različitim meridijanima. Refraktivna kirurgija je područje oftalmologije koje se bavi kirurškom korekcijom refraktivnih grešaka ljudskog oka. Može se podijeliti na refraktivnu kirurgiju rožnice koja koristi tehnike excimer lasera i incizijske postupke, i na refraktivnu kirurgiju leća. Najčešće korištena metoda je LASIK koja se izvodi u lokalnoj anesteziji. Zahvat se izvodi tako što se prvo stvori flap, a zatim se excimer laserom napravi ablacija rožnice nakon čega se flap vraća na mjesto.
Refraktivne greške moguće je korigirati na nekoliko načina, naočalama, kontaktnim lećama, ortho-k te metodama refraktivne kirurgije. Prednost naočala je što nema direktnog kontakta s očima te relativno laka zamjena, ali estetski nekim ljudima ne odgovaraju, potrebno ih je održavati čistima, nositi ih sa sobom te ne pokrivaju cjelokupno vidno polje. Kontaktne leće rješavaju zadnji problem naočala, ali s obzirom da su u direktnom kontaktu s okom, najčešći su uzrok infekcija od svih drugih metoda.
Metode refraktivne kirurgije imaju nisku stopu komplikacija i visoku učinkovitost, ali mogu uzrokovati nepovratna oštećenja oka i puno veće troškove liječenja samih komplikacija. S ekonomskog aspekta pacijenta, trošak refraktivne kirurgije u tom trenutku je velik, ali u usporedbi s troškovima zamjene, popravka ili gubitka naočala ili kontaktnih leća kroz godine ispada manji. Bitna je preoperativna procjena kojim se utvrđuje je li pacijent dobar kandidat za operaciju. Područja evaluacije uključuju dob, vrstu i stupanj refrakcijske pogreške, a zatim slijedi opsežan oftalmološki pregled nakon kojeg se pacijentu objasne svi detalji. Kako bi se komplikacije smanjile na minimum, a uspješnost maksimalno povećala postoje brojne kontraindikacije za ove zahvate kao što su: dijabetes mellitus, trudnoća, autoimune bolesti, vaskularni poremećaji kolagena, bolesti štitnjače te abnormalno cijeljenje rana. Uz to postoje i oftalmološke kontraindikacije poremećaja suznog filma, poremećaja koji se sami mogu pogoršati fotoablacijom, abnormalnosti topografije rožnice i nerefrakcijski izvori smanjenog vida. Najčešća komplikacija je suho oko, zatim nepotpuno ispravljena greška, haloo, otežana vožnja noću zbog odbljeska te infekcija. Većina ih se može spriječiti dobrom postoperativnom njegom.Refractive errors are a global problem today, reflecting a mismatch between the axial length of the eye and its optical power. Myopia is a type of refractive error in which parallel rays of light coming from infinity are focused in front of the retina without accommodation of the eye. In hyperopia, parallel rays of light coming from infinity are focused behind the neurosensory retina without accommodation of the eye. Presbyopia is a condition associated with aging, which occurs due to the progressive functional decline of the accommodative ability of the crystalline lens. Astigmatism is a type of refractive error characterized by unequal refraction of light in different meridians. Refractive surgery is a subfield of ophthalmology that deals with the surgical correction of refractive errors of the human eye. It can be divided into corneal refractive surgery, which uses excimer laser techniques and incisional procedures, and lens refractive surgery. The most commonly used method is LASIK, which is performed under local anesthesia. The operation is performed by first creating a flap, then ablating the cornea with an excimer laser, after which the flap is returned to its place.
Refractive errors can be corrected in several ways, with glasses, contact lenses, orthokeratology and refractive surgery methods. The advantage of glasses is that there is no direct contact with the eyes and they are relatively easy to replace, but aesthetically they do not suit some people, they need to be kept clean, carried with them, and they do not cover the entire field of vision. Contact lenses solve the last problem of glasses, but since they are in direct contact with the eye, they are the most common cause of infections than all other methods.
Refractive surgery methods have a low rate of complications and high efficiency, but cause irreversible damage to the eye and much higher costs of treating the complications themselves. From the patient's economic point of view, the cost of refractive surgery at that moment is high, but compared to the costs of replacing, repairing or losing glasses or contact lenses over the years, it turns out to be smaller. A preoperative assessment is essential to determine whether the patient is a good candidate for surgery. Areas of evaluation include age, type and degree of refractive error, followed by a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, after which all details are explained to the patient. In order to minimize complications and maximize success, there are numerous contraindications for these procedures, such as: diabetes mellitus, pregnancy, autoimmune diseases, vascular collagen disorders, thyroid diseases, and abnormal wound healing. In addition, there are ophthalmological contraindications for tear film disorders, disorders that can be worsened by photoablation, corneal topography abnormalities, and non-refractive sources of reduced vision. The most common complication is dry eye, then an incompletely corrected error, halo, difficulty driving at night due to glare and infections. Most of them can be prevented with good post-operative care
REFRACTIVE SURGERY – NEED OR WHIM
No full textRefraktivne greške danas su globalni problem, odražavaju neusklađenost između aksijalne duljine oka i njegove optičke snage. Miopija je vrsta refraktivne greške kod koje se paralelne zrake svjetlosti koje dolaze iz beskonačnosti fokusiraju ispred mrežnice bez akomodacije oka. Kod hiperopije se paralelne zrake svjetlosti koje dolaze iz beskonačnosti fokusiraju iza neurosenzorne mrežnice bez akomodacije oka. Prezbiopija je stanje povezano sa starenjem, a do kojeg dolazi zbog progresivnog funkcionalnog opadanja akomodacijske sposobnosti kristalne leće. Astigmatizam je vrsta refraktivne greške koju karakterizira nejednaka refrakcija svjetla u različitim meridijanima. Refraktivna kirurgija je područje oftalmologije koje se bavi kirurškom korekcijom refraktivnih grešaka ljudskog oka. Može se podijeliti na refraktivnu kirurgiju rožnice koja koristi tehnike excimer lasera i incizijske postupke, i na refraktivnu kirurgiju leća. Najčešće korištena metoda je LASIK koja se izvodi u lokalnoj anesteziji. Zahvat se izvodi tako što se prvo stvori flap, a zatim se excimer laserom napravi ablacija rožnice nakon čega se flap vraća na mjesto.
Refraktivne greške moguće je korigirati na nekoliko načina, naočalama, kontaktnim lećama, ortho-k te metodama refraktivne kirurgije. Prednost naočala je što nema direktnog kontakta s očima te relativno laka zamjena, ali estetski nekim ljudima ne odgovaraju, potrebno ih je održavati čistima, nositi ih sa sobom te ne pokrivaju cjelokupno vidno polje. Kontaktne leće rješavaju zadnji problem naočala, ali s obzirom da su u direktnom kontaktu s okom, najčešći su uzrok infekcija od svih drugih metoda.
Metode refraktivne kirurgije imaju nisku stopu komplikacija i visoku učinkovitost, ali mogu uzrokovati nepovratna oštećenja oka i puno veće troškove liječenja samih komplikacija. S ekonomskog aspekta pacijenta, trošak refraktivne kirurgije u tom trenutku je velik, ali u usporedbi s troškovima zamjene, popravka ili gubitka naočala ili kontaktnih leća kroz godine ispada manji. Bitna je preoperativna procjena kojim se utvrđuje je li pacijent dobar kandidat za operaciju. Područja evaluacije uključuju dob, vrstu i stupanj refrakcijske pogreške, a zatim slijedi opsežan oftalmološki pregled nakon kojeg se pacijentu objasne svi detalji. Kako bi se komplikacije smanjile na minimum, a uspješnost maksimalno povećala postoje brojne kontraindikacije za ove zahvate kao što su: dijabetes mellitus, trudnoća, autoimune bolesti, vaskularni poremećaji kolagena, bolesti štitnjače te abnormalno cijeljenje rana. Uz to postoje i oftalmološke kontraindikacije poremećaja suznog filma, poremećaja koji se sami mogu pogoršati fotoablacijom, abnormalnosti topografije rožnice i nerefrakcijski izvori smanjenog vida. Najčešća komplikacija je suho oko, zatim nepotpuno ispravljena greška, haloo, otežana vožnja noću zbog odbljeska te infekcija. Većina ih se može spriječiti dobrom postoperativnom njegom.Refractive errors are a global problem today, reflecting a mismatch between the axial length of the eye and its optical power. Myopia is a type of refractive error in which parallel rays of light coming from infinity are focused in front of the retina without accommodation of the eye. In hyperopia, parallel rays of light coming from infinity are focused behind the neurosensory retina without accommodation of the eye. Presbyopia is a condition associated with aging, which occurs due to the progressive functional decline of the accommodative ability of the crystalline lens. Astigmatism is a type of refractive error characterized by unequal refraction of light in different meridians. Refractive surgery is a subfield of ophthalmology that deals with the surgical correction of refractive errors of the human eye. It can be divided into corneal refractive surgery, which uses excimer laser techniques and incisional procedures, and lens refractive surgery. The most commonly used method is LASIK, which is performed under local anesthesia. The operation is performed by first creating a flap, then ablating the cornea with an excimer laser, after which the flap is returned to its place.
Refractive errors can be corrected in several ways, with glasses, contact lenses, orthokeratology and refractive surgery methods. The advantage of glasses is that there is no direct contact with the eyes and they are relatively easy to replace, but aesthetically they do not suit some people, they need to be kept clean, carried with them, and they do not cover the entire field of vision. Contact lenses solve the last problem of glasses, but since they are in direct contact with the eye, they are the most common cause of infections than all other methods.
Refractive surgery methods have a low rate of complications and high efficiency, but cause irreversible damage to the eye and much higher costs of treating the complications themselves. From the patient's economic point of view, the cost of refractive surgery at that moment is high, but compared to the costs of replacing, repairing or losing glasses or contact lenses over the years, it turns out to be smaller. A preoperative assessment is essential to determine whether the patient is a good candidate for surgery. Areas of evaluation include age, type and degree of refractive error, followed by a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, after which all details are explained to the patient. In order to minimize complications and maximize success, there are numerous contraindications for these procedures, such as: diabetes mellitus, pregnancy, autoimmune diseases, vascular collagen disorders, thyroid diseases, and abnormal wound healing. In addition, there are ophthalmological contraindications for tear film disorders, disorders that can be worsened by photoablation, corneal topography abnormalities, and non-refractive sources of reduced vision. The most common complication is dry eye, then an incompletely corrected error, halo, difficulty driving at night due to glare and infections. Most of them can be prevented with good post-operative care
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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