1,720,983 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Development of a modular digital human simulation framework for planning of manual assembly processes
No full textDigital human simulations nowadays play an important role for various domains such as entertainment, health care and production industries. Especially for the automotive industry digital human simulation is a promising technology since enabling the simulation of manual work activities for varying processes without physical mock-ups. Given the recent challenges of the automotive industry, methods such as digital human simulation become more and more important for future planning workflows and general competitiveness. For instance, with the help of digital human simulations, assembly processes can be simulated and optimized before the actual assembly takes places, thus resulting in increased flexibility. Even though providing evident benefits, to date, the technologies are only scarcely applied for planning and simulation of manual assembly tasks. A closer look at the underlying processes unveils that manual assembly comprises strongly heterogeneous tasks in complex environments. For instance, scenarios such as an assembly in the engine bay contains highly collision-afflicted environments in conjunction with precise finger interactions. On the other hand, manual assembly also comprises motions such as walking in the shop-floor environment or entering a car. Therefore, manual assembly depicts a difficult scenario for accurate simulation of human work activities. On the market, no solution is available yet, which covers all those aspects sufficiently. An analysis of the state of the art regarding digital human simulation unveils that a multitude of motion synthesis techniques and tools are already available. The technologies range from motion-capture based animation systems, statistical approaches, and deep learning to physics-based motion synthesis. Each technology has its advantages, disadvantages and is suited for particular use cases. For instance, model-based systems can be used for highly collision-afflicted scenarios, at the expense of high computational costs, whereas data-driven approaches produce natural results in less constrained environments with low computational efforts. Considering the available approaches, a combination of multiple technologies can principally cover the heterogeneous requirements for simulating manual assembly processes. Although in theory the combination of the existent technologies in a single environment is considered as highly beneficial, presently no tool is existent and widely applied. To uncover the reasons for this circumstance, the present deficiencies of the digital human simulation landscape preventing a comprehensive simulation are determined. Moreover, essential requirements for a potential framework are gathered by means of expert interviews with simulation providers. A further investigation of the existent modular digital human simulation frameworks unveils that presently no system is available that can comprehensively fulfill the requirements. Based on the determined deficiencies and requirements, this thesis presents the concept of the so-called Motion Model Interface (MMI) framework to combine multiple digital human simulation approaches in a common system. In this context, individual motion synthesis approaches are incorporated in so-called Motion Model Units (MMUs) in a modular and exchangeable way. Multiple test scenarios underline that the novel concept can successfully incorporate heterogeneous technologies such as physics-based or data-driven approaches. Therewith, appropriate technologies required for manual assembly simulation can be principally combined using multiple MMUs. To technically combine the proposed modular units in a common framework, a specific technical architecture is presented. In this context, a major question addressed in the thesis is how multiple heterogeneous digital human simulation systems can be technically incorporated in a common framework while fulfilling the denoted requirements such as performance and scalability. The applicability of the technical architecture can be approved based on in-depth evaluations. Even though the MMI framework allows the technical incorporation of heterogeneous simulation approaches, the generation of feasible motions from the distinct systems is not ensured by default. Moreover, as the MMI framework is intended to provide a high flexibility and exchangeability of the MMUs, only lacking semantic knowledge of the particular motions is available. Since existing methods commonly rely on extensive semantic knowledge of the motions for a proper coordination, a novel co-simulation approach for the orchestration of different MMUs is developed that significantly differs from the state of the art. Therefore, a further question addressed in this thesis is how natural motions can be generated from heterogeneous approaches without possessing in-depth semantic knowledge. The validity of the co-simulation is approved in a comprehensive evaluation. Since the MMUs can contain entirely different approaches and motions, consecutively executed MMUs might result in unnatural gaps. To overcome these issues, further concepts for transition modeling between consecutive MMUs are presented. In particular, a novel deep learning based posture interpolation approach is presented and validated. Building upon the presented framework and the co-simulation, the applicability for the simulation of manual assembly processes is investigated. In this context, case studies for early and late bus assembly planning phases are carried out. Overall, the conducted case studies unveil that the system is applicable for multiple planning stages, ultimately improving the present assembly planning process. Altogether, the proposed framework depicts a major key element towards a comprehensive utilization of digital human simulation for manual assembly simulation and planning. The proposed framework is provided as open-source software, whereas a standardization is targeted. Although the main use case of the system is related to automotive assembly, the framework is not limited to it. Instead, the framework can be utilized for a variety of different use cases, including future research on motion synthesis, benchmarking, and the combination of different approaches
Voice and silence in public debate: Modelling and observing collective opinion expression online
Full text linkThis thesis investigates how group-level differences in willingness of opinion expression shape the extent to which certain standpoints are visible in public debate online. Against the backdrop of facilitated communication and connection to like-minded others through digital technologies, models and methods are developed and case studies are carried out – by and large from a network perspective.
To this end, we first propose a model of opinion dynamics that examines social- structural conditions for public opinion expression or even predominance of different groups. The model focuses not on opinion change, but on the decision of individuals whether to express their opinion publicly or not. Groups of agents with different, fixed opinions interact with each other, changing the willingness to express their opinion according to the feedback they receive from others. We formulate the model as a multi-group game, and subsequently provide a dynamical systems perspective by introducing reinforcement learning dynamics. We show that a minority can dominate public discourse if its internal connections are sufficiently dense. Moreover, increased costs for opinion expression can drive even internally well-connected groups into silence.
We then focus on how interaction networks can be used to infer political and social positions. For this purpose, we develop a new type of force-directed network layout algorithm. While being widely used, a rigorous interpretation of the outcomes of existing force-directed algorithms has not been provided yet. We argue that interpretability can be delivered by latent space approaches, which have the goal of embedding a network in an underlying social space. On the basis of such a latent space model, we derive a force-directed layout algorithm that can not only be used for the spatialisation of generic network data – exemplified by Twitter follower and retweet networks, as well as Facebook friendship networks – but also for the visualization of surveys. Comparison to existing layout algorithms (which are not grounded in an interpretable model) reveals that node groups are placed in similar configurations, while said algorithms show a stronger intra-cluster separation of nodes, as well as a tendency to separate clusters more strongly in retweet networks.
In two case studies, we observe actual public debate on the social media platform Twitter – topics are the Saxon state elections 2019, and violent riots in the city of Leipzig on New Year’s Eve in the same year. We show that through the interplay of retweet and reply networks, it is possible to identify differences in willingness of opinion expression on the platform between opinion groups. We find that for both events, propensities to get involved in debate are asymmetric. Users retweeting far-right parties and politicians are significantly more active, making their positions disproportionately visible. Said users also act significantly more confrontational in the sense that they reply mostly to users from different groups, while the contrary is not the case. The findings underline that naive reliance on what others express online can be collectively dangerous, especially in an era in which social media shapes public discourse to an unprecedented extent
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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