1,721,032 research outputs found
Free recall and forgetting of emotionally arousing words in autism spectrum disorder
No full textSince the earliest descriptions of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) abnormalities in affective behaviours have been considered a prominent feature in their clinical manifestations. What remains unclear, however, is whether these altered emotional behaviours are a mere facet of abnormalities in socio-cognitive processes or whether they constitute a primary feature of the condition. A number of studies now indicate that emotional processing atypicalities in ASD extend to domains outside the broader context of social cognition leading us to suggest that the disorder may be characterised by basic abnormalities in how psychophysiological and cognitive emotional responses modulate one another [Gaigg, S. B. & Bowler, D. M. (2007). Differential fear conditioning in Asperger's syndrome: Implications for an amygdala theory of autism. Neuropsychologia, 45, 2125–2134]. In the current study, we show that although individuals with ASD, like typical individuals, exhibit a free recall advantage for emotionally arousing and semantically related neutral as compared to unrelated neutral words, they do not show reduced forgetting rates for arousing stimuli as do typical individuals. These observations provide further support for the view that psychophysiological emotional responses do not modulate cognitive processes normally in ASD and further implicate abnormalities of amygdala connectivity (in particular with the hippocampus) in the neuropathology underlying this disorder
Embodied representations of emotional expressions in ASD
No full textAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterised by social interaction and communication impairments, as well as repetitive and restricted patterns of behaviour (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Recent research suggests that differences in representations of emotional expressions might play a role in ASD. Evidence for early atypical modulation of emotional expressions in visual areas has been shown (Batty et al.,2011). Moreover, recent research has highlighted that impaired embodied representations of emotions might also be atypical in ASD. In fact, reduced embodied simulation of emotional expressions in ASD has been highlighted by neuroimaging studies (Dapretto et al., 2006) and physiological responses to social stimuli seem to be atypical in ASD individuals (Hirsten & Ramachandran, 2001). Nevertheless, a selective impairment of embodied representations of emotional expressions in the somatosensory cortex in ASD has not been investigated yet.
Our methodology combines Visual and Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (VEPs and SEPs) to isolate embodiment effects driven by somatosensory or visual processing. This methodology has already provided evidences of the involvement of the somatosensory cortex in processing emotional expressions in typical populations (Sel et al., 2014), and we are now interested in investigating whether ASD population show different patterns of responses compared to typical population. We are measuring visual and somatosensory responses in two groups of ASD and TD while they perform visual emotion recognition task and a control gender recognition task. Preliminary data will be presented, we expect to find a differential modulation of emotional expressions in the visual and somatosensory evoked potentials across the two groups
Investigating embodied representations of emotional expressions in ASD: A study with SEPs
No full textAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by difficulties in social
interaction and communication, as well as repetitive and restricted patterns of behaviour and interests
(American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Recent research suggests that differences in embodied
representations of emotional expressions might play a role in ASD. For instance, several empirical studies
show that recognition of emotional expressions [3], interoception [2] and physiological responses to social
stimuli [4] function differently in ASD individuals. However, the neural mechanisms involved in atypical
embodied representations of emotional expression in ASD has not been systematically investigated.
Recent research highlights that visual perception of faces and bodies in typical population is accompanied
by parallel activity of visual and somatosensory areas [1, 5-8]. Our EEG study provides the first direct
measurement of the activity of the somatosensory cortex during perception of facial emotional
expressions in ASD individuals. Our methodology combines Visual and Somatosensory Evoked Potentials
(VEPs and SEPs), to isolate effects driven by somatosensory or visual processing. This methodology has
already provided evidence of unique contributions of the somatosensory cortex in processing emotional
expressions by Sel et al [8] and we are now interested in investigating whether ASD population show
different patterns of neural response compared to typical individuals. We are analyzing responses in visual
and somatosensory cortical areas in a group of ASD and a control TD participants while they perform a
visual emotion recognition task and a control gender recognition task. We predict a modulation of
somatosensory evoked potentials driven by emotional expressions processing but not by gender.
Moreover, we expect to observe a significant difference in this effect across the two groups
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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