1,721,018 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Phenolic Compounds in Prevention and Treatment of Skin Cancers: a review
No full textSeveral clinical studies have shown that exposure of skin to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes adverse effects, such as inflammation, oxidative stress and DNA damage. As a result, different skin disorders can arise among which skin cancer, including non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and melanoma (MM). Phenolic compounds are plant-derived secondary metabolites with a well-known antioxidant activity, able to counteract the negative effects of UV radiation. In this review we discuss the effects of some selected phenols on NMSC and MM, demonstrating that they can be useful in the prevention and in the treatment of these types of tumors. Moreover, we report the mechanisms by which these phenols carry out their antitumor action. In vitro and in vivo studies have highlighted that many phenols are capable of inducing photoprotection, apoptosis and autophagy. They can also reduce DNA methylation, tumorigenesis, tumor incidence and proliferation. Moreover, we describe some examples of plant extracts, whose anticancer activity appears to be better than that of single phenols. A great concordance of results emerged, despite the differences in experimental methods. Therefore, the knowledge compiled here could provide the basis for conducing some well-organized clinical trials to validate the chemopreventive and the therapeutic potential of some phenolic compounds in patients with NMSC and MM
Multi-Target Protective Effects of β-Caryophyllene (BCP) at the Intersection of Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration
No full textRecent advances in cannabinoid-based therapies identified the natural CB2 receptor agonist β-caryophyllene (BCP) as a promising anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agent. To further explore its therapeutic potential on the management of neurodegenerative disorders, in the present study we investigated the ability of BCP to prevent neuroinflammation and promote neuroprotection by using both in vitro and ex vivo models of β-amyloid induced neurotoxicity. Our data showed that BCP significantly protected human microglial HMC3 cells from Aβ25-35-induced cytotoxicity, reducing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) while enhancing IL-10 secretion. These effects were associated with a reduced activation of the NF-κB pathway, which emerged as a central mediator of BCP action. Notably, the use of CB2R- or PPARγ-selective antagonists revealed that the observed NF-κB inhibition by BCP may involve the coordinated activation of both canonical (e.g., CB2R) and non-canonical (e.g., PPARγ) receptors. Moreover, BCP restored the expression of SIRT1, PGC-1α, and BDNF, indicating the involvement of neurotrophic pathways. Clear neuroprotective properties for BCP have been highlighted in Aβ1-42-treated brain slice preparations, where BCP demonstrated the rescue of both the amyloid-dependent depression of BDNF expression and long-term synaptic potentiation (LTP) impairment. Overall, our results suggest that BCP constitutes an attractive natural molecule for the treatment of Aβ-induced neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction, warranting further exploration for its clinical application
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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