309 research outputs found
Riflessioni preliminari sulla chiesa di San Giusto a Marlia (LU), tra fonti scritte e letture stratigrafiche
No full textBreve relazione preliminare sullo studio archeologico della chiesa medievale di S. Giusto alla Caipiria (Marlia, LU
Who are you? The genetic identity of some insular populations of Hierophis viridiflavus s.l. from the Tyrrhenian Sea
No full textThis work investigates the genetic identity of Hierophis viridiflavus s.l. specimens from insular populations, to determine which of the two previously identified species is present on each island. Here, the authors hypothesise about times and modes of colonization and discuss the faunistic value of the obtained results. This follows the recent proposal to consider the two clades as two different species. Specimens from the islands of Favignana, Lipari and Vulcano belong to H. carbonarius and probably all belong to putative Sicilian source populations. Conversely, all individuals from the Pontine Islands (Ponza, Palmarola, Ventotene) should be considered to belong to H. viridiflavus. Even if genetically identical to the specimens from the Tyrrhenian Italian coast, these individuals show a darker colouration, very similar to the one usually shown by H. carbonarius specimens. Considering that the Pontine H. viridiflavus populations probably have a very recent origin, the dark livery of these individuals could be the result of a rapid morphological adaptation to insular environments
Morphometric and genetic divergence in island and mainland populations of Anolis nebulosus (Squamata: Polychrotidae) from Jalisco (Mexico): an instance of insular gigantism
No full textThe clouded anole Anolis nebulosus (Squamata: Polychrotidae) is widespread on the Pacific coast of Mexico. The species also inhabits Don Panchito, a small islet located near the coast of the Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve in the state of Jalisco. We studied the extent of intraspecific differences in morphology (absolute size and body proportions) and in mtDNA sequences (16S and NDH2) between the population living on the islet (N = 18 for morphometry; N = 12 for mtDNA) and the one on the facing mainland (N = 38 for morphometry; N = 16 for mtDNA). The individuals on the islet are larger than those on the mainland with little overlap in size for either males (islet: 52.79 +/- 1.82 mm; mainland: 40.96 +/- 2.99 mm) or females (islet: 46.18 +/- 3.24 mm; mainland 37.14 +/- 2.13 mm). The presence of insular gigantism, as here found in A. nebulosus, seems uncommon in the genus and could be explained as a combination of low predation pressure and higher intraspecific competition on the island. Moreover, we found that sexual dimorphism (SD) is higher in the island population than in the mainland one. The molecular analysis shows the absence of shared haplotypes between the island and mainland populations. Ten mtDNA haplotypes belonged to the mainland population and three to the island population. The shape of the minimum spanning network and of the mismatch distribution indicates a single colonization event. These molecular data indicate a certain degree of isolation of the island population notwithstanding its proximity to the coast. The morphological characteristics of the anoles on Don Panchito match with the expectation of the so-called " reversed island syndrome" theory, which predicts an increased body size and sexual dimorphism in lizards living on very small islands characterized by unpredictable environmental conditions
Comparative genetic research on Microtus mystacinus (de Filippi, 1865) distributed in Asia and Europe inferred from mitochondrial (CYTB and COXI) and nuclear (IRBP) gene regions
No full textThe East European vole Microtus mystacinus is the most widespread vole species in Anatolia. It is
also frequently seen in watery habitats in a large area of Eurasia. In this paper, an attempt was made
to ascertain the level of genetic differentiation between Anatolian (Asian part of Turkey) and Turkish
Thracian (European part of Turkey) populations together with additional data from other parts of Asia
and Europe by analysing two mitochondrial (cytochrome-b and cytochrome oxidase subunit I) and
one nuclear (interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein) gene regions. Acquired Bayesian Inference
trees mostly separated the Asian and European populations of M. mystacinus and the fixation index
values implied a significant differentiation between these populations for mitochondrial DNA. On the
other hand, the median-joining networks did not show diverging populations, significantly, and the
mean genetic distance values among populations were found to be low for both mitochondrial and
nuclear DNA. Evolutionary divergence times of Asian and European populations were also calculated
and dated back to approximately 0.316–0.111 million years ago, coinciding with the ice ages of the
Pleistocene epoch. According to the obtained results, M. mystacinus populations have not diverged
enough to form different species; however, there is a separation between Asian and European populations
which might result in speciation
La basilica tardo antica e altomedievale di Riva Ligure (IM). La lunga durata di un complesso ‘fuori scala’
No full textThe Basilica of Capo San Siro in Riva Ligure presents historical, archaeological, architectural, liturgical, and funerary features, which form the basis of detailed investigations within this study. These features facilitate the interpretation of the basilica
as a structure that was out of scale in relation to the context in which it emerged and prospered, spanning Late Antiquity, the Early Middle Ages, and the High Middle Ages. Following an examination of the elements supporting the hypothesis that this liturgical center initially functioned as a rural diocese, several previously unpublished archaeological contexts, uncovered during recent excavations by the Pontifical Institute of Christian Archaeology, will be analyzed. These contexts will be scrutinized from the perspectives of stratigraphic sequences and associated material culture, reinforcing the argument that the foundation of the site should be dated to the 5th century AD. Furthermore, specific insights into the archaeological remains and early medieval discoveries at the site further corroborate the continued significance of this ecclesiastical complex within its territorial setting well beyond Late Antiquity. Additionally, fragmentary yet noteworthy written sources referencing the area during the High Middle Ages suggest further avenues of inquiry that merit comprehensive exploration in future research
La famiglia Ruiz di Medina del Campo. Persone, tessuti e vestiti nella Castiglia del "Siglo de Oro" (1566-1600)
No full textLa ricerca è orientata alla ricostruzione di vari aspetti del multiforme rapporto che intercorse tra alcuni esponenti della famiglia Ruiz –mercanti di tele all’ingrosso– i tessuti e i vestiti, nell’effervescente contesto dell’Impero asburgico durante l’ultimo terzo del XVI secolo, tra Medina del Campo (città delle fiere) e Valladolid (capitale dell’area), attraverso lo studio del celebre archivio di questa famiglia.Il rapporto tra i Ruiz (grossisti di tele) e il binomio tessuti-vestiti è stato analizzato in una cornice ampia e attraverso varie scale di osservazione: anzitutto la “famiglia di mercanti” (integrando la bibliografia con documenti inediti) e successivamente con una serie di ricerche proiettate verso la “famiglia di clienti” – sia sul lungo periodo, sia isolando momenti precisi, tra le singole biografie e il quotidiano, tra le compravendite per affari e lo shopping di tele e vestiti, e comparando, infine, la “rete Ruiz” ad altre 25 famiglie di Medina e Valladolid.Il primo capitolo presenta brevemente lo stato dell’arte, le fonti e la metodologia (conti, inventari, testamenti e “diversi”, raccolti con un database); il secondo il Regno di Castiglia nel XVI secolo (economia e società) e la figura del mercante arricchito; il terzo la storia della famiglia Ruiz (le due generazioni centrali, un approfondimento su Simon e un altro sull’Ospedale Generale che egli fondò).Il capitolo 4 affronta le tele e i tessuti, esamina alcuni affari all’ingrosso e al dettaglio (in cui si apprezzano molteplici comportamenti dei Ruiz), e analizza approfonditamente le oltre 275 occorrenze di tessuti rinvenute nella documentazione.Dopo il capitolo 5, un’approssimazione bibliografica alla moda cinquecentesca e a una trentina di capi d’abbigliamento del tempo, sono presentati, nel capitolo 6, il rapporto tra i Ruiz, il sarto e il vestito, le modalità “alternative” di acquisizione di vestiti e alcuni esempi di acquisto di copricapi, guanti, calzoni e calzature.Il capitolo 7 è centrato sulla comparazione degli inventari dei Ruiz con quelli di altre famiglie castigliane della seconda metà del XVI secolo: si presenta brevemente la “ricchezza materiale” dei 33 soggetti analizzati, si definiscono le macrocategorie in cui il patrimonio studiato è stato suddiviso (“apparenza cavalleresca”, “apparenza indossata”, “apparenza domestica”, “lavori domestici”, “fonti dell’apparenza”, “libri”) per un totale di oltre 13.500 entrate corrispondenti a oltre 33.000 voci, e, infine, si affronta con un maggior grado di dettaglio l’abbigliamento (oltre 3.100 entrate –corrispondenti a quasi 5.000 voci–, la seconda macrocategoria dopo l’“apparenza domestica”; la macrocategoria è stata suddivisa negli insiemi “vestito”, “copricapi”, “accessori”, “complementi”, “calzature” e “gioielli”).Si è potuto immaginare un guardaroba comune alla totalità dei soggetti analizzati, con le voci più ricorrenti e i capi d’abbigliamento più diffusi. I Ruiz e i cugini Presa si attestano tra i maggiori possessori non solo di vestiti in generale, ma anche di singoli capi, sia in termini relativi sia assoluti.Non solo emerge la tendenza al “vivir noblemente”, bensì è riscontrabile, anzitutto per quanto concerne i vestiti, un “eccezionale stile di vita nobile”.Se è possibile intuire, con una osservazione condotta “dall’alto” (ovvero dai numeri estratti dagli inventari), una moda, dei modelli di consumo e delle tendenze generali e condivise, è parallelamente necessario sottolineare come, scorrendo le singole voci dei documenti concreti, la varietà sia una delle costanti (varietà di documenti e mani, di tele –e “famiglie” e “tipologie” di tele–, di mode). Più che cambiamenti di fogge o di abiti, che pure ci furono (e che sono stati ravvisati), si avverte una vorticosa varietà di tessuti e tecniche, di decorazioni e ornamenti.Riassumendo in una frase il percorso tra soggetti, tessuti e vestiti: i Ruiz, una famiglia di mercanti di lana vestiti di seta.The research is aimed at the reconstruction of various aspects of the multiform relationship which took place between certain exponents of the Ruiz family –wholesale merchants of fabric– the textiles and the clothes, in the effervescent context of the heart of the Hapsburg Empire during the last third of the 16th century, in Medina del Campo (the town of the fairs) and Valladolid (the capital of the area), through the study of the familiar archive.The relationship between the Ruiz family (textile wholesalers) and the combination of fabric and cloth was analysed in a large context and through various scales of observation: firstly with the "family of merchants" (integrating the bibliography with inedited documents), and subsequently with a series of researches projected towards the "family of clients" – both in the long run as well as in precisely isolated moments, between single biographies and the everyday life , from business transactions and the shopping for fabric and clothes, and finally comparing the "Ruiz network" and other 25 families.The first chapter briefly presents the ample state of the art, the sources and the methodology (accounts, inventories, testaments, “diverse”, mainly gathered with a database); the second the Kingdom of Castilla in the 1500s (economy and society) and the figure of the wealthy merchant; the third the story of the Ruiz family (the two central generations, Simon and the Hospital General of Medina he founded.Chapter 4 deals with the textiles and the fabrics, examining certain wholesale transactions and other retail transactions (in which we can appreciate the multiple agency of the Ruiz family), and deeply analyses over 275 occurrences of fabric found in the documents. After chapter 5, which contains a bibliographic approximation of the fashion of the 1500s and the clothing worn at that time (about 30 examples of articles of clothing), chapter 6 presents the relationship between the Ruiz family, the tailor and the clothing, the "alternative" modalities for the acquisition of clothes, and certain examples of the acquisition of head coverings, gloves, trousers and shoes. Chapter 7 focuses on the comparison of the inventories of the Ruiz family with those of other Castilian families in the second half of the 16 th century. The "material wealth" of 33 subjects is examined, and the macrocategories in which the patrimony studied has been subdivided are defined ("knightly appearance", "worn appearance", "domestic appearance", "domestic work", "sources of appearance", "books") for over 13.500 entries, corresponding to over 33.000 items. Finally, the clothing is examined in further detail (over 3.100 entries corresponding to almost 5.000 items, the second macrocategory after the "domestic appearance").It was possible to imagine a wardrobe which was common to the totality of the subjects analysed, with the most recurring items and the clothes which were most diffused.The Ruiz family and the Presa family were amongst the major owners not only of clothes in general, but also of single pieces, in absolute and relative term. Not only there emerges the tendency to "vivir noblemente", but also it is noticeable, also for the clothing, an "exceptional noble lifestyle".If it is possible to realize, with an observation conducted "from above" (that is, from the numbers extracted from the inventories), a fashion, some patterns of consumption, and some general shared tendencies, at the same time it is necessary to emphasize how, going through the single items of the concrete documents, that variety is one of the constants (a variety of documents and hands, fabrics –both “families” and “tipologies”–, fashions).More than the changes of forms or clothes, which did take place (and which have been recognized) a spinning variety of fabrics and techniques, of decorations and ornaments.Summarizing in one phrase the trajectory of the subjects, fabrics and clothing: the Ruiz, a family of wool merchants dressed in silk
A combination of long term fragmentation and glacial persistence drove the evolutionary history of the Italian wall lizard Podarcis siculus
No full textAbstract
Background
The current distribution of genetic diversity is the result of a vast array of microevolutionary processes, including short-term demographic and ecological mechanisms and long-term allopatric isolation in response to Quaternary climatic fluctuations. We investigated past processes that drove the population differentiation and spatial genetic distribution of the Italian wall lizard Podarcis siculus by means of sequences of mitochondrial cytb ( n \u2009=\u2009277 from 115 localities) and nuclear mc1r and \u3b2-fibint7 genes ( n \u2009=\u2009262 and n \u2009=\u200991, respectively) from all its distribution range. The pattern emerging from the genetic data was compared with current and past (last glacial maximum) species distribution modeling (SDM).
Results
We identified seven deeply divergent parapatric clades which presumably remained isolated in different refugia scattered mainly throughout the Tyrrhenian coast. Conversely, the Adriatic coast showed only two haplogroups with low genetic variability. These results appear to agree with the SDM prediction at the last glacial maximum (LGM) indicating a narrow area of habitat suitability along the Tyrrhenian coast and much lower suitability along the Adriatic one. However, the considerable land exposure of the Adriatic coastline favored a glacial colonization of the Balkan Peninsula.
Conclusions
Our population-level historical demography showed a common trend consistent with glacial expansions and regional persistence during the last glacial maximum. This complex genetic signature appears to be inconsistent with the expectation of the expansion-contraction model and post-LGM (re)colonizations from southern refugia. Hence it is one of an increasing number of cases in which these assumptions are not met, indicating that long-term fragmentation and pre-LGM events such as glacial persistence were more prominent in shaping genetic variation in this temperate species
Quando l'archeologo è vicino ai cittadini
No full textSi racconta l'esperienza effettuata in occasione della diatriba tra la Cooperativa La Paranza e il Vaticano, a proposito della gestione delle catacombe di san Gennaro e partenndo da questo caso si propone un quadro di esperienze di archeologia pubblica
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