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Exchange rates and trade balance in West African economy and monetary union countries: does the content of the traded goods matter?
No full textThis paper analyzes the role of the nature of traded goods in the effect of the real exchange rate on the trade balance in West African Economy and Monetary Union countries. Empirically, the estimation of the parameters of a distributed lag autoregressive model using the technique of dynamic common correlation estimators is carried out. The results show that, firstly, the low level of intra-industry trade comfort positive real exchange rate effect on trade balance. However, WAEMU countries export raw materials used by their foreign trading partners to manufacture products, which WAEMU countries import in turn; but the raw materials percentage used in the manufacture of those products is negligible to have a beneficial impact on trade balance. Secondly, foreign income levels are less favorable to the countries' balance of trade, as partners have a preference for increasingly sophisticated goods that WAEMU countries do not produce. In terms of economic policy implications, a currency devaluation would have an expected positive effect if trade policy would encourage the consumption of goods and services containing, in their manufacturing process, a significant quantity of their exported products. This article contributes to the existing economic literature by taking into account the characteristics of traded goods in the analysis of the influence of the real exchange rate on the trade balance. A low content of exported goods in the manufacturing process of imported goods from a less advanced country could limit the rebalancing of its trade balance following a change in the real exchange rate. The importance of this research is to empirically show the significant role of the quantity of domestic goods contained in the manufacture of imported goods in studying the relationship between exchange rate changes and the trade balance. The implementation of a specific trade policy coupled with an exchange rate policy in favour of the transformation of primary products into semi-manufactured goods is important for the economy of WAEMU countries
Effets des transferts de fonds des migrants internationaux sur la consommation des ménages au Sénégal
No full textThe aim of this article is to analyse the effects of international remittances on the twelve consumption functions identified according to the classification of individual consumption functions (COICOP). The high allocation of international remittances to consumption and the low allocation of these flows to investment (in Sénégal, 86% of these flows were allocated to current consumption and 14% to investment in 2011 according to Dramani (2013) lead us to question the effects of remittances on consumption. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method is used to determine the effects of the international remittances on the twelve consumption functions identified in the WAEMU after using PCA. Using the PCA method, the results show two groups of variables which behave in opposite ways. Four group 1 variables (« food and alcoholic beverages » ; « housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels » ; « health » and « education ») and one group 2 variable (« miscellaneous goods and services ») were selected on the basis of a review of the existing literature. Estimation using the OLS method shows that remittances improve housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels (0.992) ; health (0.892) ; education (0.617) ; food and non-alcoholic beverages (0.324). On the other hand, international remittances have a negative impact on miscellaneous goods and services (-1.39). This study suggests that international remittances should be redirected from consumer spending on (« miscellaneous goods and services; clothing and footwear; leisure and culture; and communications) to (« housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels »; « health »; « education » ; « food and non-alcoholic beverages »; « alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics » ; « furniture, household goods and routine household maintenance » ; « hotels and restaurants »; and « transport »).
Keywords : International remittances, Consumption, Households, ACP, MCO, Senegal
JEL classification : D12, F22, F24, O15
Paper type: Empirical ResearchCe présent article a pour objectif d’analyser les effets des transferts de fonds des migrants internationaux (TFMR) sur les douze fonctions de consommation identifiées selon la classification des fonctions de la consommation individuelle (COICOP). La forte allocation des TFMR à la consommation et la faible affectation de ces flux à l’investissement (au Sénégal, 86 % des transferts de fonds ont été alloués à la consommation courante et 14 % à l’investissement en 2011 selon Dramani en 2013) nous poussent à nous interroger sur les effets des remises migratoires sur la consommation. La méthode des moindres carrés ordinaire (MCO) est utilisée pour déterminer les effets des TFMR sur les douze fonctions de consommation identifiées dans l’UEMOA après l’utilisation de l’ACP. À partir de la méthode ACP, les résultats montrent deux groupes de variables qui se comportent de manière opposée. Quatre variables du groupe 1 (« produits alimentaires et boissons alcoolisées » ; « logement, eau, électricité, gaz et autres combustibles » ; « santé » et « enseignement » et une variable groupe 2 « Biens et services divers » ont été retenues selon la revue de la littérature existante. L’estimation par la méthode MCO montre que les TFMR améliorent le logement, eau, électricité, gaz et autres combustibles (0,992) ; la santé (0,892) ; l’éducation (0,617) ; les produits alimentaires et boissons non alcoolisées (0,324). Par contre, les TFMR affectent négativement les biens et services divers (-1,39). Cette étude suggère une réorientation des TFMR alloués aux biens et services divers ; d’articles d'habillement et chaussures ; de Loisirs et culture ; et de communication) vers (« logement, eau, électricité, gaz et autres combustibles » ; « santé » ; « éducation » ; « produits alimentaires et boissons non alcoolisées » ; « Boissons alcoolisées, tabac et stupéfiants » ; « Meubles, articles de ménage et entretien courant du foyer » ; « Hôtels et restaurants » ; et « Transports »).
Mots clés : TFMR, Consommation, Ménages, ACP, MCO, Sénégal
Classification JEL : D12, F22, F24, O15
Type du papier : Recherche empiriqu
Effets des transferts de fonds des migrants internationaux sur la consommation des ménages au Sénégal
No full textThe aim of this article is to analyse the effects of international remittances on the twelve consumption functions identified according to the classification of individual consumption functions (COICOP). The high allocation of international remittances to consumption and the low allocation of these flows to investment (in Sénégal, 86% of these flows were allocated to current consumption and 14% to investment in 2011 according to Dramani (2013) lead us to question the effects of remittances on consumption. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method is used to determine the effects of the international remittances on the twelve consumption functions identified in the WAEMU after using PCA. Using the PCA method, the results show two groups of variables which behave in opposite ways. Four group 1 variables (« food and alcoholic beverages » ; « housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels » ; « health » and « education ») and one group 2 variable (« miscellaneous goods and services ») were selected on the basis of a review of the existing literature. Estimation using the OLS method shows that remittances improve housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels (0.992) ; health (0.892) ; education (0.617) ; food and non-alcoholic beverages (0.324). On the other hand, international remittances have a negative impact on miscellaneous goods and services (-1.39). This study suggests that international remittances should be redirected from consumer spending on (« miscellaneous goods and services; clothing and footwear; leisure and culture; and communications) to (« housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels »; « health »; « education » ; « food and non-alcoholic beverages »; « alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics » ; « furniture, household goods and routine household maintenance » ; « hotels and restaurants »; and « transport »).
Keywords : International remittances, Consumption, Households, ACP, MCO, Senegal
JEL classification : D12, F22, F24, O15
Paper type: Empirical ResearchCe présent article a pour objectif d’analyser les effets des transferts de fonds des migrants internationaux (TFMR) sur les douze fonctions de consommation identifiées selon la classification des fonctions de la consommation individuelle (COICOP). La forte allocation des TFMR à la consommation et la faible affectation de ces flux à l’investissement (au Sénégal, 86 % des transferts de fonds ont été alloués à la consommation courante et 14 % à l’investissement en 2011 selon Dramani en 2013) nous poussent à nous interroger sur les effets des remises migratoires sur la consommation. La méthode des moindres carrés ordinaire (MCO) est utilisée pour déterminer les effets des TFMR sur les douze fonctions de consommation identifiées dans l’UEMOA après l’utilisation de l’ACP. À partir de la méthode ACP, les résultats montrent deux groupes de variables qui se comportent de manière opposée. Quatre variables du groupe 1 (« produits alimentaires et boissons alcoolisées » ; « logement, eau, électricité, gaz et autres combustibles » ; « santé » et « enseignement » et une variable groupe 2 « Biens et services divers » ont été retenues selon la revue de la littérature existante. L’estimation par la méthode MCO montre que les TFMR améliorent le logement, eau, électricité, gaz et autres combustibles (0,992) ; la santé (0,892) ; l’éducation (0,617) ; les produits alimentaires et boissons non alcoolisées (0,324). Par contre, les TFMR affectent négativement les biens et services divers (-1,39). Cette étude suggère une réorientation des TFMR alloués aux biens et services divers ; d’articles d'habillement et chaussures ; de Loisirs et culture ; et de communication) vers (« logement, eau, électricité, gaz et autres combustibles » ; « santé » ; « éducation » ; « produits alimentaires et boissons non alcoolisées » ; « Boissons alcoolisées, tabac et stupéfiants » ; « Meubles, articles de ménage et entretien courant du foyer » ; « Hôtels et restaurants » ; et « Transports »).
Mots clés : TFMR, Consommation, Ménages, ACP, MCO, Sénégal
Classification JEL : D12, F22, F24, O15
Type du papier : Recherche empiriqu
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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