1,721,153 research outputs found
Strategic analysis of the severe wound care and smart bandages market
No full textLes plaies peuvent être la conséquence de facteurs divers, dont la prise en charge représente un véritable enjeu pour la société. En effet, le vieillissement de la population générale et la présence de facteur de comorbidités chronique comme l’augmentation du nombre de patients diabétique, sont des facteurs qui vont impacter significativement les coûts de prise en charge pour la société. Dans un premier temps, il sera abordé les définitions de la peau et de la cicatrisation ainsi qu’un état des lieux des plaies chroniques ; il s’en suivra une revue des traitements existants pour la prise en charge des plaies. Puis nous présenterons une analyse du marché du traitement des plaies, avant de nous concentrer sur celui des pansements intelligents. Des différents types de pansements utilisés dans différentes situations, au traitement par pression négative en passant par le greffe, un grand nombre d’options sont disponibles pour les patients. Mais ces traitements ne semblent pas pouvoir répondre aux besoins futurs en minimisant d’avantage les risques de chronicité des plaies, et en diminuant l’impact de ces pathologies sur les patients et sur les coûts pour la société. C’est pourquoi, l’industrie de la prise en charge des plaies est un secteur où l’innovation est omniprésente. Parmi les potentielles innovations qui pourraient répondre à ces enjeux, certaines recherches misent sur les pansements intelligents, qui permettraient d’adapter automatiquement le traitement en fonction de l’évolution des paramètres biologiques et ainsi permettre une guérison plus rapide et réduire les coûts liés à l’intervention des infirmières.Wounds can be the consequence of a variety of factors, the management of which represents a real challenge for society. Indeed, the aging of the general population and the presence of chronic co-morbidities, such as the increase in the number of diabetic patients, are factors that will have a significant impact on the cost of care for society. First, we'll look at the definitions of skin and wound healing, as well as the current state of chronic wounds. This will be followed by a review of existing treatments for wound management. We then present an analysis of the wound care market, before focusing on the market for intelligent wound dressings. From the different types of dressing used in different situations, to negative pressure therapy and grafting, a wide range of options are available to patients. But these treatments don't seem to be able to meet future needs by further minimizing the risk of wound chronicity, and reducing the impact of these pathologies on patients and on the costs to society. This is why the wound management industry is a sector where innovation is omnipresent. Among the potential innovations that could meet these challenges, some research is focusing on intelligent dressings, which would automatically adapt treatment according to changes in biological parameters, enabling faster healing and reducing the cost of nursing intervention
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Orphan drug reglementation in the United States : market exclusivity extention versus patent monopoly
No full textLe statut du médicament orphelin a été mis en place pour favoriser et stimuler la recherche et le développement et la commercialisation de médicaments dans des indications et des affections rares et orphelines de traitement. C’est aux Etats-Unis que ce statut est né, en 1983. Cette réglementation a traversé les frontières pour s’implanter dans de nombreux pays ainsi que dans l’Union Européenne en 1999. Les autorités sanitaires ont donc proposé des incitations financières et réglementaires. Aux Etats-Unis, il s’agit de la FDA (Food and Drug Administration). En délivrant le statut orphelin, la FDA accorde une exclusivité commerciale de 7 ans dès l’obtention de l’autorisation de commercialisation et indépendante du monopole brevet. Dans un premier temps, l’état des lieux et l’analyse sectorielle de ce marché permettent d’avoir un aperçu du succès de ce statut. Dans un second temps, l’analyse de bases de données publiques et commerciales nous permet de mettre en relief l’intérêt du statut orphelin concernant le gain d’exclusivité commerciale qu’il confère, en comparaison de la durée d’exclusivité liée à la propriété intellectuelle (brevet). Les résultats permettent d’ouvrir la discussion sur les stratégies des entreprises et l’arrivée de biosimilaires et génériques.Orphan status is meant to foster and stimulate research and development and commercialization of drugs in rare affections, without any treatment. It is in the United States that this status was born, in 1983. This regulation crossed the borders to become established in many countries as well as in the European Union in 1999. Health authorities propose financial and regulatory incentives. In the United States, it is one of the missions of the FDA (Food and Drug Administration). FDA confers especially a commercial exclusivity of 7 years to orphan drugs. First of all, the inventory and sector analysis of this market provides a first glimpse of the success of this status. Then, the analysis of the public and private databases highlights the value of the orphan status in the United States concerning the gain of commercial exclusivity that it confers, in comparison with the exclusivity conferred by intellectual property (patent). The results open up the discussion on business strategies of the companies with orphan products and the arrival of biosimilars and generics
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Asian pharmaceutical companies in the international orphan drugs market
No full textLe marché des maladies orphelines correspond à plus de 400 millions de patients dans le monde, dont 86 millions en Asie. D’ici 2020, le marché mondial devrait par ailleurs atteindre 148,9 milliards de dollars. Compte tenu des enjeux marketing en Asie, il est essentiel d’étudier ce marché des médicaments orphelins à l’échelle régionale et internationale pour tenir compte des disparités macroéconomiques. Pour réaliser cette étude, les données ont été extraites des bases de la FDA, EMA, MHWL, OCDE, PharmaProject et ClinicalTrials, et analysées statistiquement. Si le Japon, la Corée ou encore Taiwan ont mis en place des législations spécifiques et investi dans la R&D nationale, ces pays ont également des entreprises présentes sur le marché international. Les entreprises japonaises sont présentes sur le marché européen et américain, et les entreprises coréennes et taiwanaises uniquement sur le marché américain. Le marché national indien souffre d’une économie faible, de l’absence de législation et d’un ralentissement des essais cliniques, malgré un marché de 76 millions de patients. Seule une société pharmaceutique indienne est présente sur le marché international. Enfin, la Chine avec 16 millions de patients, n’a pas de législation incitative mais elle représente 2% des essais cliniques mondiaux en maladies rares. Toutefois, seul 29% des essais sont sponsorisés par des entreprises ; le marché chinois compte très peu de firmes nationales privées. Ainsi les marchés émergeants, pour les médicaments orphelins de demain (cancérologie et parasitologie), se situent en Inde et en Chine. Les marchés pour les dispositifs médicaux et la médecine régénérative se trouvent au Japon, seul pays accordant aujourd’hui des avantages réglementaires pour leur mise sur le marché dans le traitement des maladies rares.Orphan drug market accounts for 400 million patients worldwide, with 86 million in Asia alone. By 2020, this market will be worth 148.9 billion dollars. With marketing challenges in Asia, we must study this market both on an international and regional level to consider the macroeconomic disparities. To make this study, the data from the FDA, EMA, MHWL, OECD, PharmaProject and ClinicalTrials have been extracted and analyzed with statistical tools. Japan, Korea and Taiwan all have a specific legislation, have invested in R&D and have companies in the international market. Japanese companies are present on the European and American market whereas Korean and Taiwanese companies are only on the European market. Indian market suffers a slow economy, clinical trials issues and don’t have a specific legislation in spite of 76 million patients. Only one Indian group is on the international market. Then, China with its 16 million patients, doesn’t have incentive legislation either, but they account for 2% of the worldwide clinical trials for rare diseases. However, with only 29% of trials sponsored by a private company: Chinese market has few national private players. Therefore, emerging market for tomorrow orphan drugs (neoplasm and parasitology) are in India and China. The markets for medical devices and regenerative medicine are in Japan, only country offering incentives if you registered them for rare diseases
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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