1,721,107 research outputs found
Innovative features in training methods for sustainable architecture design
No full textThe adoption of environmentally friendly materials and constructive solutions is one of the most effective action to reduce
the relevant environmental impacts generated by the building construction and renovation activities. Since architect plays a
decisive role in performing these strategies, his training should be oriented to make him aware of this responsibility, by providing
them knowledge and skills suitable to include sustainability as an objective that the design must achieve at all scales. This
requires a coherent and incisive intervention on both methods and contents of architect training, developing adequate and
effective teaching tools right from the initial stages of the learning process, within the schools of architecture.
The paper provides the first results of a comparative study carried out on the architecture degree courses of three Italian
universities (Bologna, Reggio Calabria, Iuav Venice). A mapping of structure, contents and organization of the five years of
training has been performed, to detect the type and weight of the supplied relevant skills related to building sustainability, as
well as to identify the applied learning models.
In particular, two main topics have been deepened: the knowledge provided on designing constructive solutions and selecting
eco-friendly materials; the use of sustainable building rating systems (SBRS) and other tools for the environmental impacts
assessment.
The collected data are then elaborated through comparison matrices, in order to bring out qualitative and quantitative aspects
related to both the learning models used in the three Universities and the methods by which the acquired skills are assessed
Verso l’emergenza permanente: Design-Build-Living Reversible. Toward permanent emergency: Design-Build-Living Reversible
No full textL'abitare temporaneo si è imposto nel dibattito in architettura, in relazione sia a eventi catastrofici, sia a picchi di domanda abitativa particolarmente critici.
Il profilarsi di una crisi ambientale permanente propone oggi quali stimolanti terreni di sperimentazione le strategie adottate per fronteggiare le emergenze. In particolare, quelle post-catastrofe nei contesti più poveri, dove risorse locali e processi Low-Tech forniscono risposte alle esigenze abitative e climatiche, sopperendo con l'intelligenza progettuale alla limitatezza dei mezzi a disposizione.
Dalla relazione fra prestazioni di qualità e di durata dei manufatti, vengono ricavati alcuni criteri, poi applicati all’analisi critica di tre emblematici interventi abitativi in contesti estremi, per mapparne i contenuti di innovazione.Temporary life has become a topic within the debate in architecture, in relation to both post-catastrophic events and critical peaks in housing demand.
The strategies adopted to deal with the emergency contexts can provide a stimulating experimentation ground from which deriving approaches suitable to apply in facing the present permanent environmental crisis at global scale. This in particular for some post-catastrophe strategies adopted in the poorest countries, where local resources and low-tech processes can respond to housing and climate needs, compensating for the limited resources available with the intelligence of the design solutions.
Some criteria were established to map the relationship between quality performance and durability of the products, which are then applied to the critical analysis of three emblematic case studies of emergency housing in extreme contexts, aiming at identifying their innovation content
Classification criteria and markers for biomimetic building envelope within circular economy principles: a critical review
Full text linkThe responsibilities of the building sector concerning resource consumption and waste generation, as a problem of research, require a transition from a linear to a circular model in order to obtain significant positive effects on the environment. The Biomimicry approach appears to be a promising way to move the sector towards the circular economy, to meet the increasing levels of functional and environmental requirements, which is shifting the research on building materials and products toward biomimetic solutions. Along this path, the building envelope emerges as an interesting application field concerning its adaptive behaviour towards external conditions. In this field of research, the knowledge gap concerns the need for criteria to classify the biomimetic behaviour of building materials under operating conditions and to identify their environmental effects, as well as their compliance with the principles of the circular economy. The study provides a methodology to develop a set of classification criteria applicable to biomimetic materials and products which are suitable for application in the building envelope and a related set of markers that identify the strongest environmental relationships and implications related to the aptitude for integrating circular economy principles. The mapping highlights the absence of some relationships thus highlighting potential limitations of biomimetic materials/products within circular economy principles and thus current research limits. The results obtained may be useful to evaluate and compare biomimetic materials and products for the building envelope, whilst also providing the first step for further research on their environmental implications within circular economy processes. HIGHLIGHTS a classification system for biomimetic devices for building envelopes; biomimetic device features linked to expected effects provided to envelope; markers to assess compliance to circular economy principles of biomimetic devices; there are no previous environmental esteem effects of biomimetic building materials
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Integrable extended van der Waals model
Full text linkInspired by the recent developments in the study of the thermodynamics of van der Waals fluids via the theory of nonlinear conservation laws and the description of phase transitions in terms of classical (dissipative) shock waves, we propose a novel approach to the construction of multi-parameter generalisations of the van der Waals model. The theory of integrable nonlinear conservation laws still represents the inspiring framework. Starting from a macroscopic approach, a four parameter family of integrable extended van der Waals models is indeed constructed in such a way that the equation of state is a solution to an integrable nonlinear conservation law linearisable by a Cole–Hopf transformation. This family is further specified by the request that, in regime of high temperature, far from the critical region, the extended model reproduces asymptotically the standard van der Waals equation of state. We provide a detailed comparison of our extended model with two notable empirical models such as Peng–Robinson and Soave’s modification of the Redlich–Kwong equations of state. We show that our extended van der Waals equation of state is compatible with both empirical models for a suitable choice of the free parameters and can be viewed as a master interpolating equation. The present approach also suggests that further generalisations can be obtained by including the class of dispersive and viscous-dispersive nonlinear conservation laws and could lead to a new type of thermodynamic phase transitions associated to nonclassical and dispersive shock waves
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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