1,720,972 research outputs found
Informal recruitment channels, family background and university enrolments in Italy
No full textThis paper analyses the impact of informal recruitment channels on university enrolment decisions. A widespread diffusion of personal connections as an entry channel to the labour market may signal that social ties to well-off people are necessary to get a good job, thereby convincing students from poorly connected families that getting a tertiary education degree does not enhance their future socio-economic opportunities. By applying estimation techniques with instrumental variables to Italian microdata, I found that upper-secondary students coming from lower social classes are less likely to participate in tertiary education when they live in provinces where the percentage of newly tertiary graduates who found a job through informal channels is higher. My results are consistent with the hypothesis that the wide diffusion of ‘favouritism’ in local labour markets engenders a sense of ‘economic despair’ among poorly connected students, thereby worsening inequality of access to education and local socio-economic development.literature and the hypothesis
L'effetto della crisi sul lavoro femminile: lavoratore aggiunto o lavoratore scoraggiato?
No full textL'effetto della crisi sul lavoro femminile: lavoratore aggiunto o lavoratore scoraggiato?
No full textTax Wedge and Social Protection in Atypical Contract: the Role of State in the Matching Process on the Labour Market
No full textAnalyzing the employment performance of several European countries, some recent theoretical works assume the existence of a direct correlation between the introduction of new form of flexibility in the labour contracts and the matching function between demand and supply of labour. Indeed, from a theoretical and empirical point of view such results should be carefully qualified. We show – through two distinct theoretical models . that a persistent and pervasive condition of minor wages and reduced guarantees can lead to a wage push. Such effect could produce a different (and maybe not better) equilibrium in the labour market. The empirical analysis shows, first of all, that better employment performances are more linked to the spread of the part-time than to other forms of flexibility and, secondly, several of the new forms of labour contracts not only affects the net earnings and the hiring and firing costs, but also permit a reduction of the tax wedge. Since the tax wedge represents – at least in Italy – one of the main ways to finance the social security benefits, a reduction of the tax wedge could mean less social security benefits and subsequently a loss in welfare for workers, unless such reduction is counterbalanced by a increase of other contributions. Therefore a persistent and pervasive recourse to atypical labour contracts one of the reasons for a potential wage push in the labour market
Fair Trade: the creation of new knowledge in a sector characterized by positive externalities in both developing and industrialized countries
No full textThe authors define Fair Trade sector and competences from an economic
perspective. The competence is the result of a process of elaboration, exploitation
and use of individual and social resources. This result depends on the
capabilities to transform such resources in functionings.
The individual has material and immaterial resources at disposal, which
include personal characteristics of the worker, background, ability, interests,
behaviour and the specific functional connection between the individual and
the resources. The paper draws on motivations and values, which support the
activity of the individual in the Fair Trade Organization (FTO). The tasks performed
in the FTO puts in evidence experiences of informal learning through
learning-by-doing, learning-by-interacting, learning-by-using. In synthesis,
applying this approach, it is possible to give evidence that the acquisition of
competences also depends on motivation, behaviour, time and quality of time
spent in FTO and on the kind of structure where the volunteer works
Salario e cuneo contributivo: il ruolo dello Stato nel processo di matching sul mercato del lavoro∗
No full textIn corso di pubblicazione su Economia&Lavor
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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