1,720,957 research outputs found
Revisiting stimulant use for emotional dysregulation in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
No full textIntroductionEmotional dysregulation (ED) symptoms are present in a considerable portion of patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In recent years, an increasing number of studies investigated the effects of stimulant medications on ED in patients with ADHD.Areas coveredA narrative review of the literature on stimulant treatment for ED is provided, including controlled and observational clinical studies conducted on pediatric and adult samples and neurobiological investigations. Positive effects of stimulants on irritability have been demonstrated in children. Comorbidity with disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) and disruptive mood dysregulation disorder does not prevent stimulant effectiveness. Methylphenidate has also been found to reduce temper problems, affective instability, and emotional over-reactivity in adults with ADHD, although with variable effect sizes. A variety of adverse emotional effects have been reported, especially at high doses and in special populations. However, several possible confounders of treatment-emergent ED have been highlighted. Finally, according to neuroimaging studies, stimulants may mitigate emotional processing anomalies associated with ADHD.Expert opinionThe findings are consistent with models including ED within the core features of ADHD. Stimulant treatment should be prioritized over antipsychotics in ADHD-DBD. It remains to be elucidated whether other medications may be more effective in specific populations with ADHD and/or ED
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Efficacia e tollerabilità del trattamento a lungo-termine con agonisti oppioidi su uso di sostanze, funzionamento globale e disregolazione emotiva in pazienti adulti con Disturbo da Uso di Oppioidi e sintomi di Disturbo da Deficit di Attenzione/Iperattività: confronto tra metadone racemico (R,S-metadone) e levometadone (R-metadone)
No full textIntroduzione. Il disturbo da deficit di attenzione/iperattività (ADHD) è frequentemente associato a disturbi da uso di sostanze (SUD), in particolare al disturbo da uso di oppioidi (OUD), configurando quadri clinici complessi e di difficile gestione. Il trattamento con metadone racemico è lo standard nella terapia agonista oppioide (OAT), ma recenti evidenze suggeriscono un potenziale beneficio del levometadone, in termini di efficacia, tollerabilità e modulazione dopaminergica, con possibili ricadute positive sulla disregolazione emotiva e sull’impulsività, sintomi centrali nell’ADHD.
Obiettivi. Valutare l’impatto clinico del passaggio dal metadone racemico al levometadone in pazienti con OUD, con particolare attenzione a: (1) disregolazione emotiva (RIPoSt-40), (2) consumo di sostanze psicoattive, (3) funzionamento globale (CGI). Obiettivi secondari includevano l’analisi del ruolo dei sintomi ADHD (ASRS≥14 vs <14) e degli incrementi posologici di levometadone sugli outcome clinici.
Metodi. Studio osservazionale su 79 pazienti (12 donne, età media 49±11 anni) reclutati presso i Ser.D. dell’Azienda USL Toscana Nord-Ovest e trasferiti da terapia con metadone racemico a levometadone (dose iniziale = 50% della precedente). Sono stati utilizzati ASRS-5, RIPoSt-40 e CGI a baseline, T1 (~2 mesi) e T2 (~6 mesi). Analisi statistiche condotte tramite modelli misti lineari (LMM).
Risultati. Il 29.1% del campione presentava sintomi clinicamente significativi di ADHD (ASRS≥14), con maggiore vulnerabilità psichiatrica, peggiori condizioni lavorative e livelli più elevati di disregolazione emotiva al baseline. Nel follow-up, si osserva un miglioramento significativo dell’impulsività emotiva (RIPoSt) e del punteggio CGI già a T1, mantenuto a T2. Nei pazienti con ADHD, la riduzione dell’impulsività risulta particolarmente marcata (–7.9 punti a T2, p<.001). Non emergono effetti significativi legati all’aumento di dose di levometadone.
Conclusioni. Il passaggio a levometadone si associa a un miglioramento precoce e stabile della gravità clinica e, in particolare, a una riduzione dell’impulsività emotiva nei pazienti con ADHD, senza incremento del rischio di consumo di sostanze. Questi risultati suggeriscono che il levometadone possa rappresentare un’opzione terapeutica vantaggiosa nei soggetti con doppia diagnosi ADHD-OUD, aprendo prospettive verso strategie di trattamento più personalizzate
Disregolazione emotiva, disturbi dell'umore e uso di sostanze nell'ADHD dell'adulto.
No full textI disturbi del neurosviluppo presentano una matrice comune in termini di aree cognitive e circuiti nel sistema nervoso centrale che esprimono un quadro clinico-sindromico condiviso. Le evidenze scientifiche attuali mettono in risalto la componente legata all’emotional processing annessa all’ADHD configurando un livello di gravità maggiore in questi pazienti che presentano tale comorbidità. L’emotional dysregulation non è una dimensione specifica dell’ ADHD ma bensì un core neuropsichiatrico a comune con vari disturbi ascritti al DSM-V, influenzando in modo importante la psicopatologia presentata dai pazienti
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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