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    Strengthening with FRP Bars of URM Walls Subject to Out-of-Plane Loads

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    This paper presents the results of an experimental program on the flexural behavior of un-reinforced masonry (URM) walls strengthened with near surface mounted (NSM) fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) bars. A total of 15 URM walls reinforced with NSM FRP bars were tested. The specimens were strengthened with different amounts of reinforcement to observe their improved performance and the mode of failure. The influence of the bar shape (i.e., circular vs. rectangular), FRP material, dimension of the groove and type of embedding material (i.e., epoxy or cementitious-based paste), were studied. Based on experimental evidence and on the data found in the literature, the paper provides criteria that can be used in the development of design guidelines

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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