5 research outputs found
Effects of 21 half-marathon in 21 days on autonomic nervous system and psychological parameters : a case report
No full textAim. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) measurement is a non-invasive method used to investigate the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) responsiveness in healthy as well as patients. Even if consequences of a short term training period on ANS is well ancknoledged, the long-term (>15 days) effect of repeated submaximal exercise remains elusive. We investigated the cardiac ANS adaptation to 21 consecutive half-marathons and its possible relationships with psychological fatigue.
Methods. A 42 yrs old woman (BMI: 19.8; VO2max: 45,9 ml/kg/min), voluntarily performed 21 half-marathons in 21 consecutive days. Every morning, after awakening, heart rate (HR) for 10 min on a beat-to-beat basis (RR series) in supine position. RR series spectral powers, indexes of vagal (HFnu; 0.15-0.40 Hz), mixed para- and sympathetic tone (LFnu; 0.04-0.15 Hz) and sympatho-vagal balance (LF/HF ratio), were derived. A 32-item profile of mood states (POMS) questionnaire and Session RPE (mins x RPE 10 points scale) were daily collected.
Results. Running time did not change significantly (1h54’55’’± 4’55’’; p=0.44, r=-0.18). Number of consecutive running days (NcRD) negatively linearly correlated with HR rest (p<0.001, r=-0.7) and LogLF/HF (p<0.01, r=0.64), and positively with LogHF Power (n.u.) (p<0.01, r=0.62). NcRD did not linearly correlated with LogLF Power (n.u.) (p<0.01, r2=0.55). NcRD negatively linearly correlated with the Energy Index (EI) (p<0.0001, r=-0.87). NcRD positively correlated with session-RPE (p<0.01, r=0.62), whose scores ranged between 0.3 and 5. A positive correlation between LogLF/HF ratio and EI (p<0.01, r=0.61) and a negative correlation between LogHF Power (n.u.) (p<0.01, r=-0.61) were found. There were no correlations between EI (vigor-fatigue) and LogLF Power (n.u.).
Conclusions. Twenty-one consecutive half-marathons at sub-maximal intensity led to a continuous improvement of cardio-vagal control and sympatho-vagal balance, without a clear plateau. This suggests a training effect, that could be extended further. The EI increase seemed to reveal an accumulation of psychological fatigue, probably due to lack of recovery days and monotony of training. Therefore, long-term daily repetitions of sub-maximal exercise seems to improve cardio-vagal tone, but to induce also a psychological fatigue accumulation, which could demotivate the atlete in continuing the training.
References
1. Aubert AE et al.(2003) Heart Rate Varibility in Athletes. Sports Med.;33(12):889-919
I reggitori di Novara, memorie / di Giuseppe Garone.
No full textFrom the library of Conte Antonio Cavagna Sangiuliani di Gualdana."Correzioni," p. 276.Includes transcriptions of documents, with listings up to 1865.Seal of the author on verso of t.p. as proof of legitimate edition.Includes bibliographical references.I duchi -- I conti -- I messi regii ed imperiali -- I vescovi- signori -- I consoli e podestà -- Consoli -- Podestà ed altri primati.Mode of access: Internet
A influência da profundidade de agachamento no desempenho e em fatores biomecânicos no salto vertical
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Desportos, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, Florianópolis, 2013Introdução: O salto vertical (SV) é uma habilidade motora presente em diversas modalidades esportivas. Além disso, o SV é um teste amplamente utilizado para estimar a potência de membros inferiores objetivando avaliar e monitorar programas de treinamento. Existem diversos fatores que influenciam no desempenho no SV, dentre eles o comprimento muscular, o qual pode ser alterado em função da variação do ângulo articular envolvido no movimento. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o desempenho, a atividade eletromiográfica (EMG) dos músculos dos membros inferiores, os parâmetros cinéticos e cinemáticos durante os saltos verticais CMJ e SJ realizados a partir de diferentes profundidades de agachamento. Método: Participaram do estudo 22 sujeitos (23,5 ± 3,58 anos; 82,38 ± 9,83 kg; 185,5 ± 6,31 cm; 13,79 ± 3,31 % de gordura) praticantes das modalidades de voleibol ou basquetebol. Os participantes, após aquecimento e familiarização, realizaram três saltos em cada situação testada, que correspondia a diferentes profundidades de agachamento. No CMJ testaram-se as seguintes posições: 1) posição preferida - PREF; 2) ângulo de flexão do joelho 90°, enquanto que no SJ realizaram-se: 1) posição preferida - PREF e com ângulo do joelho em 2) 70º; 3) 90º; e 4) 110° de flexão. Os SV foram realizados sobre uma plataforma de força (Kistler Quatro Jump), ao mesmo tempo em que foi filmado o movimento (Canon ELPH 500) e monitorado a atividade EMG (Miotec) dos músculos vasto lateral (VL), reto femoral (RF) e bíceps femoral (BF). A ordem de execução dos saltos (CMJ vs SJ) assim como as diferentes situações de agachamento dentro de cada salto foram randomizadas. Foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: altura do salto, potência média (PM) e pico (PP), força máxima (FMAX) absoluta e normalizada pela massa corporal, taxa de desenvolvimento de força (TDF), deslocamento angular do quadril (DAQUA), joelho (DAJOE) e tornozelo (DATOR), pico de velocidade do centro de massa (PV), velocidade angular do quadril (VAQUA), joelho (VAJOE) e tornozelo (VATOR), ativação EMG (%RMS) dos músculos VL, RF e BF na fase excêntrica e concêntrica do CMJ e concêntrica do SJ. Para análise foram selecionadas as variáveis relativas ao salto de melhor desempenho em cada situação. Para comparar as variáveis entre as posições, foi utilizado ANOVA para medidas repetidas, com teste post-hoc de Bonferroni. Para verificar quais variáveis poderiam explicar o desempenho em cada situação de salto foi utilizada a regressão linear múltipla, com o método stepwise para a seleção das variáveis. Adotou-se um nível de significância de p=0,05. Resultados: A altura do salto aumentou com o aumento da profundidade do agachamento em ambos os saltos CMJ e SJ. Quanto às variáveis cinéticas, foi observado que em ambos os tipos de saltos CMJ e SJ, a PM, PP, FMAX absoluta e normalizada apresentam os maiores valores nos saltos realizados nas menores profundidades de agachamento. Para a TDF, no CMJ não houve diferença entre as situações, já no SJ os maiores valores foram observados nos saltos realizados na posição 110°, seguido pela posição PREF, 90 e 70°. Os maiores deslocamentos angulares do quadril e joelho foram observados nos saltos realizados nas maiores profundidades de agachamento em ambos os tipos de saltos CMJ e SJ. O PV do centro de massa no instante da impulsão foi maior nos saltos realizados nos menores ângulos de flexão de joelho, tanto no CMJ quanto no SJ. No CMJ a VAQUA apresentou os menores valores nos saltos realizados na posição >90°, a VAJOE apresentou os maiores valores na posição PREF. No SJ as velocidades angulares do quadril e joelho não apresentaram diferença entre as posições, apenas a VATOR foi maior na posição PREF comparado a posição 70°. Quanto à atividade EMG, durante a fase concêntrica do CMJ os valores RMS do VL foram maiores na posição >90°, os demais músculos não apresentaram diferença. Na fase excêntrica, o músculo VL apresentou os maiores valores RMS na posição >90°, para o RF não foi observada diferença entre as posições e o BF na posição 90°. Para os saltos SJ, os valores RMS dos músculos VL e RF não mostraram diferença entre as diferentes posições, o músculo BF apresentou menor ativação na posição 70° comparado a posição 90°, mas não diferiu para as demais posições. A análise de regressão mostrou que o PV é a variável que mais explica a variação no desempenho, independente da posição adotada e do tipo de salto. Conclusão: O desempenho no SV é influenciado pelo nível de flexão do joelho, sendo que, o melhor desempenho é obtido quando saltos são realizados numa maior profundidade de agachamento tanto no CMJ quanto no SJ. As variáveis cinéticas apresentaram maiores valores quando os saltos foram realizados a partir de uma menor profundidade de agachamento, situação esta em que foram verificadas as menores alturas. Os saltos realizados nas maiores profundidades de agachamento apresentaram maiores valores de deslocamento angular. As maiores profundidades de agachamento apresentam as maiores velocidades angulares e os melhores desempenhos nos saltos CMJ. Em relação à atividade EMG, o reto femoral não apresentou nenhuma diferença dentre todas as situações testadas do CMJ e SJ. Já os músculos vasto lateral e bíceps femoral sofrem influencia das diferentes posições. Em relação à regressão linear, o pico de velocidade instante de impulsão parece ser a variável que mais está explicando o desempenho, tanto no CMJ quanto no SJ Abstract:Introduction: The vertical jump (VJ) is a test extensively used to estimate the lower limbs power to evaluate and monitor training programs. However, when performed starting from different angles of knee flexion may result in different performances and modify aspects related to power output. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the performance, electromyographic activity (EMG) of the muscles of the lower limbs, besides kinematic and kinetic parameters during counter movement jump (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ) performed from different depths of squat. Methods: Twenty two subjects (23.5 ± 3.58 years; 82.38 ± 9.83 kg; 185.5 ± 6.31 cm; 13.79 ± 3.31% fat) trained in volleyball or basketball participated of this study. In the CMJ the following positions were tested: 1) preferred position - PREF, 2) knee flexion angle 90°, while in the SJ were performed: 1) preferred position - PREF and with knee maximum flexion angle in 2) 70o; 3) 90o, and; 4) 110°. The VJ were performed on a force platform (Kistler Four Jump), while that motion was filmed (Canon ELPH 500) and monitored the EMG activity (Miotec) of the vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF) and biceps femoris (BF). The execution order of the jumps (CMJ vs SJ) and the different situations within each squat jump were randomized. The following variables were analyzed: jump height, mean power (MP) and peak (PP), maximum force (FMAX) absolute and normalized by body mass, rate of force development (RFD), angular displacement of the hip (ADHIP) knee (ADKNEE) and ankle (ADANK), peak velocity of the center of mass (PV), the angular velocity of the hip (AVHIP), knee (AVKNEE) and ankle (AVANK), EMG activation (% RMS) muscles VL, RF and BF during eccentric and concentric CMJ and concentric SJ. The variables related to jump of better performance in each situation were analyzed. ANOVA with repeated measures ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni was used to compare variables. To determine which variables could explain the performance in each situation, multiple linear regression was used. We adopted a significance level of p=0.05. Results: Jump height increased as increasing squat depth both the CMJ and SJ jump. In both types of jumps CMJ and SJ, PM, PP, FMAX absolute and normalized showed highest values in the jumps performed in lesser squat depths. TDF in CMJ was not different within situations, however, in the SJ the highestvalues were observed in jumps performed in the position 110°, followed by PREF, 90o and 70°. The highest ADHIP and ADKNEE were observed in the jumps performed in the jumps with larger depths squat in both CMJ and SJ. The PV of the center of mass at the take-off was higher in the jumps performed in the smaller knee flexion angle in both CMJ and in SJ. In the CMJ, the AVHIP showed the lowest values in the jumps performed in the position >90°, the AVKNEE showed the highest values in the position PREF. In the SJ, the angular velocities of the hip and knee joints showed no difference between the positions, just AVANK in the position PREF was higher compared position 70°. Regarding EMG activity, the RMS values of VL were higher in position >90° in both concentric and eccentric phases of the CMJ. For RF not was difference observed. The BF to 90° during the eccentric phase. For SJ, RMS values of the VL and RF muscles showed no difference between the different positions, BF showed less activation in position 70° compared to position 90°, but did not differ in the other positions. Regression analysis showed that the PV is the main variable that explained the variance in performance, regardless of the position adopted and the type of jump. Conclusion: Vertical jump performance is influenced by the level of knee flexion angle, and the best performance is obtained when jumps are performed in greater depths squat in both CMJ in SJ. The kinetic variables showed higher values when the jumps were performed from a lower depths squat, situation that presented the lowest heights. The jumps performed in larger depths squat showed higher values of angular displacement. The highest depths of squat showed larger angular velocities and the best performances in the CMJ jumps. EMG activity of the rectus femoris showed no difference among all the situations tested in CMJ and SJ, while vastus lateralis and biceps femoris suffered influences of different positions. In relation to linear regression, the peak velocity at take-off seems to be the main variable that explains the performance in both CMJ and SJ
The liturgical vision of Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin
No full textThe aim of this thesis is to argue that Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin (1812-1852) was a liturgist who had a liturgical vision. He is commonly regarded as an architect and designer per se, but many believe he had eccentric ideas, was a fanatic for the Gothic style of architecture and that while he was religious, he had little impact on the religious controversy and events of his time. The thesis will bring forward a different picture of him. The reasons put forward to support the claim that he was a liturgist are that he had a particularly definition of liturgy; he studied liturgy for three years; he employed a particular method of writing, which was commonly used by past liturgists; many of his authorities were liturgists and historians, as well as architects and designers, and his sources related to liturgy. Pugin went from attacking Protestants, to defending his views against Roman Catholics. To argue for his views, Pugin employed a particular methodology, which included a vast number of authorities and sources. He offered to England an alternative setting of the Roman rite. The new converts who had seceded from the Church of England to the Church of Rome, including John Henry Newman and his circle, did not support him and this led to a major conflict. Their different views of liturgy became a matter of judgement for the Roman Catholic Church. Pugin was influenced by Continental, particularly French, Roman Catholic scholars and liturgists. The influence of the leader of the liberal Catholics in France, Charles-Forbes-Rene, Count de Montalembert, is also brought to light. The thesis will argue that Pugin sought to implement his views on liturgy in England and had a vision of a future England that could act as an example to the rest of Catholic Christendom, including the Church of Rome. He initially had a measure of success, but finally failed and bowed to the judgement of the Roman Catholic Church
The relationship between ADAMTS13 genotype and phenotype in congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and characterisation of ADAMTS13 mutants
No full textCongenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a thrombotic microangiopathy, usually involving ADAMTS13 gene defects. ADAMTS13 processes the multimeric plasma glycoprotein Von Willebrand factor making it less reactive to platelets. Patients differ in terms of disease severity and evidence suggests a relationship between ADAMTS13 genotype and disease phenotype. Over 140 mutations have been identified in patients but only ~30% of these has been expressed in vitro. The aim of this thesis was to study certain ADAMTS13 mutations identified in a homozygous form in congenital TTP patients to assess in vitro their effect on the secretion and activity of ADAMTS13 and to assess their contribution to disease phenotype. ADAMTS13 mutants (p.R102H, p.I143T and p.Y570C) and wild type (WT) were expressed in HEK293T cells. The p.R102H mutation partially affected the secretion of ADAMTS13 and reduced the catalytic efficiency of the mutant but not to the extent predicted based upon levels measured in patient plasma. Expressing this mutant with three ADAMTS13 polymorphisms (p.Q448E, p.P618A and p.A900V) which were also identified in the patient with this mutation further reduced the secretion and activity of ADAMTS13. When these three polymorphisms were expressed separately in WT ADAMTS13, the p.P618A polymorphism reduced the secretion and subsequently the activity of ADAMTS13 suggesting that this polymorphism in particular was responsible for the reduction observed. These results highlight the importance of ADAMTS13 polymorphisms. The p.I143T and p.Y570C mutations severely affected ADAMTS13 secretion. Immunofluorescence studies showed localisation of these mutants within the ER but less extensive localisation within the cis Golgi compared to WT ADAMTS13. The p.I143T mutant was characterised further and was shown to be degraded by the cell proteasome. Addition of a chemical chaperone (betaine) appeared to rescue the secretion defect caused by the p.I143T mutation. This may have future therapeutic implications for the treatment of some congenital TTP patients
