190 research outputs found
On the numerical method of lines for one dimensional water quality equations
No full textProfessor R. Vichnevetsky is from the Department of Computer Science
Mr. Shieh is a Graduate Student in the Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering.Technical report DCS-TR-2
(41(3):233-240)Effects of Plant Density on Forage and Grain Yield of Maize with Different Kernel Types
No full text九個玉米單交品系，包括馬齒種及硬粒種間之三種組合，進行二期作之栽培密度（70×20公分、70×25公分及70×30公分）試驗。試驗結果顯示，不論春作或秋作環境下，單位面積之青割鮮重、乾物重及子粒產量，均隨栽培密度每公頃47,600株至71400株之增加而提高，密度處理對整株乾物率、果穗百分比及總營養消化率（TDN％）未有顯著影響。在不同密度處理下，單株鮮重及乾物重，在春秋作均以馬齒種×硬粒種及硬粒種×硬粒種優於馬齒種×馬齒種；整株乾物率、果穗百分比、總營養消化率及子粒產量，於春秋作下，三種粒型組合間略有變動，但概以馬齒種×硬粒種居首。同時考慮青割鮮重、乾物重、整株乾物率、果穗百分比、總營養消化率及子粒產量六項性狀，單交組合中以馬齒種×硬粒種或硬粒種×硬粒種較優，而栽培密度以70公分×20公分為宜。
A total of nine maize hybrids including dent and flint combinations were grown in three plant densities (70 × 20cm, 70 × 25cm, 70 × 30cm) at TART in spring and fall crop of 1988. Effects of plant density on forage and grain yield of maize were investigated. From plant density of 47,600 plant/ha to 71,400 plant/ha, significant increase of fresh weight, dry weight and grain yield per hectare was associated with increasing plant density. Whole-plant dry matter content, ear percentage and total digestable nutrient percentage (TDN) were less influenced. Among combinations, dent × flint and flint × flint were better than dent × dent for fresh and dry weight per plant. Various responses among kernel type combinations for whole-plant dry matter content and grain yield were found. However, in most cases dent × flint was the leading combination for these traits. It is suggested that the combination of dent × flint or flint × flint, and plant density of 70 × 20cm would be the best arrangement, if both forage and grain yield are concerned
(42(1):12-18)Diallel Analysis of Mature Plant Resistance to Helminthosporium maydis in Maize
No full text六個玉米自交系親本及其十五個單交組合，於1991年秋作及1992年春作，利用田間自然感染，進行玉米開花後之成株對葉枯病（Helminthosporium maydis race 0）抗病性之遺傳分析。目交系發病等級在期作間相當一致，六個自交系中，Antigua-2D及Sw654對葉枯病具有極高的抗病性。組合力分析結果顯示，抗病性係由累加性及非累加性基因所共同控制，其中又以累加性佔極大之比例。本研究建議：利用譜系法或輪迴選種法，改良玉米成株葉枯病之抗病性，當可獲得較顯著之效果。
Six inbreds and their fifteen single cross hybrids were evaluated in fall of 1991 and spring of 1992 under natural epiphytotics for mature plant resistance to southern corn leaf blight (Helminthosporium maydis＝Bipolaris maydis) race 0. Inbred line Antigua-2D and Sw654 showed the highest level of resistance. Resistance of the inbred lines to H. maydis was consistent between crop seasons. Both general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability were highly significant for resistance in fall and spring crop seasons. Additive effects were accounted for major part of the total variation. This result indicated that pedigree or recurrent selsction methods should be effective in breeding for improved resistance to southern corn leaf blight
(42(2):133-145)Effects of Crop Seasons on the Combining Ability Expression of Growth and Differentiation Trait between Dent and Flint Combination Type of Maize.
No full text以玉米三個硬粒種及三個馬齒種之全互交為材料，分別種植於春作及秋裡作，探討期作對生長分化等性狀基因表現之影響，其結果摘要如下。
在春作環境下，馬齒種自交系之出土至雄穗分化日數最少，硬粒種之雄穗與雌穗分化間隔日數、單株葉面積及青割乾重均較大；在秋裡作大部份性狀的表現與春作相類似。不同粒型組合間在春作及秋裡作的表現有明顯的不同，其中以出土至雄穗分化日數、雄穗與雌穗分化間隔日數、葉片分化速率、單株葉面積及青割重等項之差異較大。
大部份性狀在兩期作均由累加性（GCA）及非累加性（SCA）基因作用共同控制，且有正反交效應。大部份性狀以累加性變方（GCA/SCA比值）所佔的比例較大，但在不同期作間，且隨性狀的不同，其大小有明顯的變異。
在不同期作下，親本之大部份性狀的一般組合力，馬齒種為負效應，硬粒種為正效應。而一般組合力效應值，在春作僅雄穗分化始期葉片出現數目、雄穗與雌穗分化間隔日數等性狀有較大的趨勢，其餘性狀則均以秋裡作較大。
在春作環境下，異粒型組合大部份性狀為正的特定組合力，而同粒型組合則大多為負的效應；但在秋裡作環境下，不論是馬齒種同粒型、硬粒種同粒型或異粒型組合，大部份性狀均呈負的特定組合力效應。不同粒型組合間的特定組合力效應易受期作影響。
大部份生長分化性狀之組合力有正反交效應，其效應值的大小，依粒型組合間及期作環境之不同而有差異，但其正反效應變方僅佔總遺傳變方之極小比例。
在春作，大部份性狀以馬齒種同粒型比硬粒種同粒型具有較大之雜種優勢百分比，異粒型組合在營養生長期葉片出現速率、葉片分化速率、單株葉面積及青割乾重等性狀比同粒型組合具有較高的雜種優勢；而其他性狀異粒組合的雜種優勢表現值則介於兩種同粒型組合間。在秋裡作，硬粒種同粒型比馬齒種同粒型具有較大的雜種優勢值，異粒型與同粒型比較，大部份性狀均介於馬齒種同粒型及硬粒種同粒型間。同一粒型組合在不同栽培期作間，其雜種優勢表現也有差異。
A diallel study including three inbred lines each of dent and flint maize as parents were grown in the spring and fall crop seasons. Level of heterosis, estimate of genetic effects, and genetic variance for some growth and differentiation traits were investigated and compared among genotypes with flint, dent, and flint x dent kernel types. Results from dialled analysis indicated that mean squares of GCA and SCA were significant for most traits investigated. Reciprocal effect also existed for all traits except leaf appearance rate in the vegetative stage. The ratio of GCA/SCA variances (> 1) suggested that additive variance was prediminant to non-additive variance in both crop seasons. However, the ratio of GCA/SCA variance was variable when comparison was made between spring and fall crops. For GCA effects while flint inbreds showed positive effects for most traits. On the other hand, GCA effects for leaf number at tassel initiation and days from tassel initiation to tassel emergence were larger in the spring crop whereas those for other traits were larger in the fall crop season. SCA effects were predominantly positive in flint x dent crosses and negative in dent x dent and flint x flint crosses for most traits under the spring crop condition. On the contrary, SCA effects of most traits were negative for all three combination types in the fall crop season. Furthermore, dent x dent hybrids were larger than flint x flint hybrids in heterosis for most traits in the spring crop. Dent x flint hybrids were larger than dent x dent and flint x flint hybrids in heterosis for LAR in the vegetative stage, leaf initiation rate, leaf area per plant, and whole-plant dry weightat at dough stage in the spring crop. The expression of other traits of dent x flint crosses was intermediate between flint x flint and dent x dent crosses. In the fall crop season, flint x flint hybrids were larger than dent x dent hybrids in heterosis for most traits, and heterosis of dent x flint crosses was intermediate between flint x flint and dent x dent crosses. In other words, heterosis of the same combination type was variable in different crop seasons
(41(4):331-337)Genetic Variation and Yield Potential of Maize Population ETO Illinois
No full text玉米族群ETO Illinois C6之219個同親兄妹後裔進行評估試驗，其平均開花期為76.3天，穗位高96.4公分，株高204.0公分，公頃子實產量8.02噸。開花期、穗位高、株高及產量之變異係數依序分別為3.3、10.7、6.0及17.2％。四個性狀之遺傳變方均達顯著。廣義遺傳率方面，開花期為66.2％，穗位高20.2％，株高42.7％，產量36.8％。ETO Illinois為CIMMYT分離抗普通型銹病及煤紋病基因之重要族群之一，含有相當多的遺傳變異量，適應本省栽培環境，具高產潛力，將之納入育種計畫對本省飼料及青割玉米之改良應有助益。
Evaluations of 219 full-sib progenies of maize population ETO Illinois C6 were conducted at Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute. For days to flowering, ear height, plant height, and grain yield, mean values were 76.3day, 96.4cm, 204.0cm, and 8.02t/ha, respectively. Coefficients of variation of the four traits were 3.3, 10.7, 6.0 and 17.2%, respectively. Heritability estimates were 66.2, 20.2, 42.7 and 36.8% for days to following, ear height, plant height, and grain yield, respectively. ETO Illinois is one of the most important populations in CIMMYT for segregating for resistance to Puccinia polysora and Helminthosporium turcicum. This results indicated that population ETO Illinois contains amount of genetic variation. Its good adaptation and high-yield potential may be useful for improvement of field corn and forage corn in Taiwan
(40(4):365-374)Diallel Analysis of Days to Tasseling, Days to Silking, Top-ear Node and Total Leaf Number in Maize
No full text六個玉米自交系親本及其三十個單交組合，於1989年秋裡作及1990年春作進行田間試驗，開花期、吐絲期、頂穗節位及總葉數等四項性狀之資料利用Griffing方法一作全互交分析。綜合變方分析結果顯示四項性狀在期作間、品系間及期作x品系交感作用均呈顯著。春作比秋裡作開花期、吐絲期稍遲，頂穗節位及總葉片數則較多。雜交種比自交系較早開花、吐絲，及有較多的頂穗節位與總葉片數。四項性狀均由累加性及非累加性基因共同作用，且有正反交效應。GCA／SCA比值春作大於秋裡作。一般組合力效應、特殊組合力效應及雜種優勢值均隨期作而有變異。開花期及吐絲期之雜種優勢為秋裡作大於春作，而頂穗節位及總葉片數則春作大於秋裡作。參試六個親本中，以Hi 31具有較大之GCA正效應及最多之頂穗節位及總葉片數，為最具潛力之自交系。由於正反交的結果並不一致，自交系之GCA又無法預測雜交種之表現，加上期作間之差異明顯，因此，本試驗結果建議：針對此四項性狀，Fl雜交組合父母本之選定必須慎重，不可倒置；評估試驗中應包括自交系本身及雜交種之表現，同時試驗季節應涵蓋春作及秋裡作。Six inbreds and their thirty single cross hybrids were evaluated for days to tasseling, days to silking, top-ear node and total leaf number in field studies conducted in winter of 1989 and spring of 1990. The combined analysis of variance for these traits indicated that the mean squares for crop seasons, genotypes and crop seasons x genotypes interaction were all significant. Analysis using Griffing’s Method 1 indicated that general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) and reciprocal effecfs were highly significant. Both additive and nonadditive components were responsible for the expression of these traits. The GCA effects were not adequate to predict the performance of hybrids. Estimate of GCA SCA effects and heterosis across crop seasons were not consistent. Inbred Hi31 had larger positive GCA effect and more top-ear node and total leaf number than all other inbreds. Sinice reciprocal effects werr found, caution should be made for choosing inbreds as male or female parents. The inconsistent performance of these traits across crop seasons suggested that evaluation of both inbreds and hybrids conducted in spring and winter is necessary
[[alternative]]A Study on a Psychotherapist’s Countertransference during the Process of Psychotherapy
No full text[[abstract]]A Study on a Psychotherapist’s Countertransference during the Process of Psychotherapy
Pey-Ling Shieh
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the countertransference during an ongoing process of psychotherapy. The study is conducted by the phenomenology approach. As a ten-session psychotherapy progressed, the psychotherapist was interviewed within 30 hours after each session. The data were analyzed by a framework retrieved from the data itself. The contextual factors, natures and transformation of the countertransference were all described.
The result yielded 22 units of countertransference experience. When compared with contextual factors, the psychotherapist’s countertransference to the specific client was found to have dual implications and to be more various than her original definition of and previous experiences of countertransference. The related factors of countertransference consisted of the fixed background of the therapist as well as the unique portion of the therapist-client interaction. The four domains of countertransference were classified as ‘feelings or cognitions toward the client’, ‘the role and position of the therapist and psychotherapy’, ’relationship and therapy maintenance’ and ‘distraction with associations’.
Most units of countertransference fall into the category of ‘Feelings or cognitions toward the client’. The therapist had various feelings toward the client and some of those feeling led to cognitions about the client. ‘Role and position of the therapist and psychotherapy’ is the second most frequent category of the countertransference, which happened when the therapist wondered about ‘what is the role of a therapist’ and ’what is the position of psychotherapy’. The feeling of being used and of not being respected would contribute to the discontinuity of therapy. As for the countertransference of ’relationship and therapy maintenance’, therapist’s assessment of the relationship was directly related to the maintenance of therapy. On ‘distraction with associations’, the therapist experienced various association and identification.
During the process of the psychotherapy, the familiarity of the therapist with the client increased. The global trend of understanding moved from stereotype-based and experience-based toward specific issues of the client. The focus of hypotheses-testing moved from ‘content consistency between client’s story and therapist’s experience’ toward ’internal consistency within client’s aspects of story’ or ’consistency between client’s story and hypotheses’. The transformation between sessions fluctuated and was recurrent. All four domains occurred at the initial stage and were intertwined with each other throughout the psychotherapy. process.
Given the findings that the countertransference displayed various natures and was formed by multiple factors, the author suggests some directions about future training and research.
Keywords: countertransference, process of psychotherapy, phenomenology
(39(4):269-276)Evalution of Base Population Resistance to Common and Southern Rust in Maize
No full text自玉米普通型及南方型銹病抗病族群C0世代，逢機取得580個自交系統，經普通型及南方型銹病抗病性檢定結果，普通型銹病抗病性平均為54.9%，變異係數為31.4%；南方型銹病抗病性平均為50.0%，變異係數為39.0％。在廣義遺傳率方面，普通型銹病抗病性為80.4%；南方型銹病抗病性為52.2％。普通型銹病抗病性與南方型銹病抗病性間為顯著正相關（r＝0.3407）。試驗結果顯示：本族群可藉S1自交後裔輪迴選種法，針對普通型及南方型銹病之抗病性與S1系統之產量，同時進行選拔，以逐步集中抗病及高產基因。Evaluations of 580 S1 families of base population of resistance to common rust (Puccinia sorghi Schw.) and southern rust (P. polysora Underw.) in maize (Zea mays L.) were conducted in seedlings in greenhouse experiments. Means and coefficients of variation were 54.9% and 31.4%, respectively, for common rust resistance; and 50.0% and 39.0%, respectively, for southern rust resistance. Heritability estimates were 80.4% and 52.
2% for common and southern rust resistance, respectively. Resistance to common rust was significantly correlated with resistance to southern rust (r＝0.3407). This results indicate that S1 progeny recurrent selection could be utilized to maximize progress for increasing common and southern rust resistance and yield potential
Genetic diversity of Tainan-white maize inbred lines and prediction of single cross hybrid performance using RAPD markers
Get PDFTo evaluate the genetic diversity of 13 maize inbred lines, and to determine the correlation between genetic distance and single cross hybrid performance, we employed the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)- a PCR-based technique. Six of these lines came from the Taichung population, and others derived from seven different sites. Forty different primers were used to give a total of 646 reproducible amplification products, 547 (84.7%) of them being polymorphic. Genetic divergence was determined using Jaccard's similarity coefficient, and a final dendrogram was constructed by UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method with arithmetical averages) cluster analysis in the CLUSTER procedure of the SAS system. The RAPD analysis was a useful tool in determining the extent of genetic diversity among Tainan-white maize inbred lines in the present case. Cluster analysis showed that the 13 inbred lines could be classified into distinct heterotic groups. There was no significant linear regression of grain dry weight heterosis value and mean performance of hybrids on genetic distance. And their coefficients of determination (R-2) are small, so that predictive value is limited. The present results showed that the Jaccard's similarity coefficients based on RAPD data cannot be used to precisely predict the F-1 hybrids yield performance and heterosis value
第16族元素(S,Se,Te)與過渡金屬(Cr,Mn,Fe,Ru)所形成之混合過渡金屬羰基化合物及其化性物性研究
No full text[[abstract]]室溫下將莫耳數比為2：1的S、Mn2(CO)10在0.9M的KOH / MeOH溶液中反應1小時後，則可得到一開放性結構的化合物[S3Mn4(CO)14]2-及[S2Mn3(CO)9]-、[S2Mn3(CO)9]2-。若將反應時間延長為3小時，則只可得到[S2Mn3(CO)9]-及[S2Mn3(CO)9]2-。而將KOH濃度提高為2.7M，且反應時間增長為6小時以上，則僅可得到[S2Mn3(CO)9]2-。將[S2Mn3(CO)9]-直接與Na塊反應可得到[S2Mn3(CO)9]2-。而將[S2Mn3(CO)9]2-與Mn(CO)5Br反應則得到spiro結構的[SMn4(CO)16]2-。室溫下將Mn2(CO)10與Cr(CO)6以1：1的莫耳數比在4M的KOH甲醇溶液下反應，再加入4當量E (E = S、Se)繼續反應一天，可得到雙三角錐結構化合物[E2Mn2Cr(CO)9]2- (E = S、Se)，然而在Te的系統中並無見到類似結構的化合物。若將[S2Mn2Cr(CO)9]2-與Cu+反應則會產生鍵的斷裂及重組而得到[S2Mn3(CO)9]-。[E2Mn2Cr(CO)9]2- (E = S、Se)兩化合物雖然皆符合18電子計算規則，但經由SQUID分析，得知於室溫(300K)時具有2個不成對電子。
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