1,721,011 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
(8(1):11-16)A STUDY ON THE DEHYDRATION OF THE PINEAPPlE AND VARIATION OF THE VITAMIN C CONTENT OF THE DEHYDRATED PINEAPPLE WITH DIFFERENT PACKAGES DURING THE STORAGE PERIOD
No full text1. 製造脫水鳳梨之原料，如為減輕工廠成本計，自以採用鳳梨製罐後之殘餘果肉為宜。
2. 脫水鳳梨之製造程序，如以整個鮮果為原料，分為①鳳梨去皮切片與整形②汽蒸或殺菁③浸糖④脫水等步驟；如採用鳳梨製罐後之剩餘果片，則可省去第①步手續。又果肉在汽蒸（或殺菁）完了後，如用SO2處理，或加入0.3%的亞硫酸鈉液（以果肉之重量為基準），再行浸糖脫水，則將來的製品用適當容器包裝後可保存一相當時期，不致變色變味。
3. 就色澤之變化方面言，如鳳肉果肉之脫水溫度高於200℉時，則其成品變為棕黃色之速度快。其原因為溫度增高，則糖之轉化作用(Inuersion)加速，且更有促使糖分焦化(Caramelize)之可能。
4. 經過亞硫酸鈉處理之製品經包裝以後，若放於陰涼處，在不增加水分含量之情形下，色澤可保持年餘而不變；但如遇到陽光直射時，則在四小時內即可褐變。
5. 用一般牛皮紙包裝脫水鳳梨時，因其吸收水分之故，甚易變色。若用塑膠盒裝好放於冰箱或冷藏庫中，則貯藏時期較長，而色澤品質俱臻佳良也。
6. 用三種不同容器裝盛會用亞硫酸鈉處理過之脫水鳳梨，放在普通貯藏室經貯藏一週年後，除用塑膠盒包裝者仍保持原狀外，其他二種包裝貯藏者，雖未變色，但質地已變軟綿狀，不如以前裝盒時風味之優良也。
7. 根據貯藏一週年測定維生素C (Vitamin C or Ascorbic Acid)之結果，此三種容器之損失量均相當大，但比較起來以用塑膠盒與塑膠紙袋（外罩以牛皮紙）包裝者，損失稍小。例如前者維生素C較初製時損失達77.11%，後者損失為77.93%。
The canned pineapple has become an important food industry in Taiwan. About more than 900,000 wooden cases of canned pineapple were exported each year. In order to maintain the best quality for foreign trade, only whole slices are selected to fill into cans, but the broken or quarter slices and pieces are remained an appreciable quantity in the course of canning. Those can be utilized as raw materials for dehydration. Many experiments have been done for the dehydration of pineapple during the past several years for its economical importance. Modified method of dehydrating pineapple is as follows:
(1) Peeling and Coring: This is done by machine, the peeling and coring being accomplished in one operation. The peeled trimmed fruit may be sliced into 1/16 part of the original slice or diced in one oubic centimeter cubes.
(2) Steam blanching: Diced slices should be steamed for 6 minutes before sulfiting, this is necessary in order to get a translucent product.
(3) Dipping: After blanching, one group is immersed in a 0.3% of sodium sulfite or sodium bisulfite solution (which based on the weight of fruit meat), and the other group is not immersed in sodium sulfite solution as control. Afterwards both groups are wholly dipped into the sugar solution (that concentration is 60 Brix) for twelve hours.
(4) Dehydration: After dipping, both groups are ready for dehydration. This is preferably done in a two-stage tunnel dehydrator. Each tray is loaded not exceeding 1.5 pound per square foot of drying area. In the first stage, the drying temperature should be kept in 180°F. about 3 hours, and in the second stage, it should be continuously dried at 150°F. until the moisture content is below 15%. After dehydration is complete, then packing and storing.
As regard for the packing and storing of the dehydrated products, three differerent packing materials are used for the dehydrated pineapple in this experiment. They are polyethylene bags, polyethylene boxes and paraffined paper boxes. Before packing, dehydrated pineapple are often fumigated with methyl bromide. After fumigation, the products are field and pressed into insect-proof bags and boxes, and subsequently the containers should be heat-sealed, but in the case of polyethylene boxes covering with lid, itis coated with the laminated cellophane. Finally storing the dehydrated products in the common storage warehouse for one year. The Vitamin C or ascorbic acid is determined at the end of 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and one year respectively.
Results of this experiment are in the following:
1. Change of the color: During the process of dehydration, if the drying temperature exceeds 200°F., it tends to accelerate the rate of color change from yellow to yellowish brown. It is necessary to avoid high humidity during drying, otherwise the discoloration will result. Furthermore, when the product is in the high temperature, the inversion of sugar will be increased and finally invert sugar (the mixture of glucose and fructose) will be produced, Meanwhile the sugar became easily caramel.
2. After the blanching, if the products is treated with sodium sulfite and placed in a cool place, and if the moisture coutent is not increased, the color can be maintained more than one year. If the products are exposed directly to sunshine, the color will be changed within four hours. It is assumed that light probably destroyed the color constitution in the dehydrated pineapple.
3. Color and flayer of dehydrated products, which are not treated with sodium sulfite solution, changed after 3 months’ storage; but treated with sodium sulfite, are not changed even after 6 months’ storage. The former is entirely decayed, while the latter has been kept in good quality.
4. Dehydrated products which are packed with polyethylene boxes are not changed after one year’s storage. Those packed with other two kinds of containers became soft with a decreasing of palatability, but the color is not changed.
5. Temperature is an important factor in the storage life of dehydrated products. The lower the temperature of the storage, the longer the storage life. During the storage of dehydrated pineapple, there is a decrease in Vitamin C content and palatability, the extent of this decrease depends upon the storage temperature, moisture content of the products. The reduction of Vitamin C content in the three different packages are made during this experiment. In the common storage room, there are over 77% of the Vitamin C lost in all package treatments. There is no significant difference in the reduction of Vitamin C among the three packaged materials. Packing with polyethylene boxes give 77.11% of Vitamin C loss, while those packed with polyethylene bags give a 77.93% of loss
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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