58 research outputs found
Residue-specific identification of phase separation hot spots of Alzheimer's-related protein tau
No full textLiquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) of proteins enables the formation of non-membrane-bound organelles in cells and is associated with cancer and neurodegeneration. Little is known however about the structure and dynamics of proteins in LLPS conditions, because of the polymorphic nature of liquid-like protein droplets. Using carbon-detected NMR experiments we here show that the conversion of the aggregation-prone repeat region of the Alzheimer's-related protein tau from the dispersed monomeric state to phase-separated liquid-like droplets involves tau's aggregation-prone hexapeptides and regulatory KXGS motifs. Droplet dissolution in presence of 1,6-hexanediol revealed that chemical shift perturbations in the hexapeptide motifs are temperature driven, while those in KXGS motifs report on phase separation. Residue-specific secondary structure analysis further indicated that tau's repeat region exists in extended conformation in the dispersed state and attains transient β-hairpin propensity upon LLPS. Taken together our work shows that NMR spectroscopy can provide high-resolution insights into LLPS-induced changes in intrinsically disordered proteins
Engineering aspects to be taken care in cage culture of seabass (Cage designs and materials, Mooring materials, Net load calculations etc.)
No full textAquaculture systems are very diverse in their design and
function. The three most basic categories of culture
systems are: i) Open systems, ii) Semi closed and iii)
Closed systems.
Modern cage culture began in 1950’s with the advent of
synthetic materials for cage construction. The major
advantage of cage culture is use of existing water bodies,
technical simplicity, simplified harvest and low capital
cost compared with land based farm. But it has got certain
disadvantages like feed must be nutritionally balanced,
pollution, out break of disease, vandalism etc
Nursery rearing of seabass fry and importance of grading and seed transportation
No full textThe Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) is an important food
fish and a potential aquaculture species in tropical
countries. It exhibits catadromous habits within its areas
of distribution. It is an advantageous culture species
because after early larval rearing in seawater, it can be
cultured in all levels of salinity, from fresh to seawater,
and in a variety of culture systems from open ponds and
cages to flow-through and closed recirculation systems.
In addition, this species produces large number of eggs
that can be reared intensively on fresh and pelleted feeds,
and can reach a market size of 350 to 700 g in one year or
less periods under optimum culture conditions
Overview on mariculture and the opportunities and challenges of cage culture in India
No full textIndia is the fourth largest producer of fish in the world
and the total fish production is around 6 Mt per year
and its share in the GDP is around 1.4%. The world annual
growth rate in aquaculture production has been 7.05%
since 1971 (FAO 2008). In 2006, aquaculture comprised
41.8% of total seafood supply. Indian aquaculture has
demonstrated a six and half fold growth over the last two
decades, with freshwater aquaculture contributing over
95 percent of the total aquaculture production. Given the
status of global fisheries, with most large fish stocks being fully exploited or over-exploited, aquaculture production must increase in order to maintain or increase the global seafood supply per capita
Grow out culture of seabass in cages
No full textAquaculture of Lates calcarifer, known as seabass, was
commenced in the 1970s in Thailand, and rapidly spread
throughout Southeast Asia. In India also it is a sought
after fish in many states. The grow-out phase involves
the rearing of the seabass from juvenile to marketable
size. Marketable size requirement of seabass vary country
to country e.g. in Malaysia, Thailand, Hong Kong and
Singapore, the normally accepted marketable size of
seabass is between 700–1200 g while in the Philippines,
marketable size is between 300–400 g. The culture period
in grow-out phase also vary from 3–4 months (to produce
300–400) to 8–12 months. The success of marine cage
culture of seabass and its economical viability have
contributed significantly to large scale development of
this aquaculture syste
History of cage culture, cage culture operations, advantages and disadvantages of cages and current global status of cage farming
No full textThe earliest record of cage culture practices dates back
to the late 1800 in Southeast Asia, particularly in the
freshwater lakes and river systems of Kampuchea.
Marine fish farming in cages traces its beginning to the
1950s in Japan where fish farming research at the
Fisheries Laboratory of the Kinki University led to the
commercial culture of yellow tail Seriola quinqueradiata
and developed into a significant industry as early as
1960. Since the 1970, Thailand has developed cage
culture techniques for two important marine finfish: the
sea bream (Pagrus major) and grouper (Epinephelus spp.).
Large scale cage farming of groupers were established
in Malaysia in 1980. Korea started cage culture in the
late 1970s and by the end of 1980, cage culture of the
olive flounder (Paralichthys olivacens) and black rockfish
(Sebastes schlegeli) was established, and developed into
a successful aquaculture industry in the 1990s. Cage
culture of groupers (Epinephelus spp.) in the Philippines
has been practiced since 1980s. Mariculture of milkfish
in the 1990s led to the further growth and development
of the industry
Mariculture in India: Status and Potential
No full textThe world capture and aquaculture production of fish was about 148 million tonnes in
2010 with a total value of US$217.5 billion. The capture fisheries production continues to
remain stable at about 90 million tonnes although there have been some marked changes
in catch trends by country, fishing area and species, of which 70–80 million tonnes is
currently used for human consumption. With sustained growth in fish production and
improved distribution channels, world food fish supply has grown significantly in the last
five decades, with an average growth rate of 3.2% per year in the period 1961–2009,
outpacing the increase of 1.7% per year in the world’s population. World per capita food
fish supply has been increased from an average of 9.9 kg in the 1960s to 18.6 kg in 2010
(SOFIA, 2012). According to the UN, 30% of fish stocks have already collapsed, meaning
they yield less than 10 % of their former potential, while virtually all fisheries will run out
of commercially viable catches by 2050. Based on FAO projections, it is estimated that
in order to maintain the current level of per capita consumption, global aquaculture
production have to reach 80 million tonnes by 2050. Aquaculture must bridge the gap
between sustainable fisheries and demand and it must do so in a sustainable way, with
sustainable feed raw materials and minimal environmental impact, and it must be recognised
and accepted as a valid provider of excellent food (Wartenberg, et al., 2017)
Integration of seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) and pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata) along with Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) in open sea floating cage off Andhra Pradesh coast
No full textAquaculture is growing very fast and its growth is
expected to continue and it is necessary to supply fish
for the ever growing population of our country. In India,
fish production and consumption is considered to be
important and needs to be promoted. As capture fisheries
have almost become stagnant, diversification of
aquaculture is highly necessary. Considering the limited
scope of freshwater aquaculture and the availability of
vast coastline, open sea cage culture gained importance
in the present day mariculture practice. Open sea floating
cage culture is an alternative sustainable practice for
rearing fish and shellfish species and polyculture along
with seaweeds may also improve profitability and
sustainability. Open sea cage culture is an aquaculture
production system where high density of fish is cultured
in floating cages. Floating cages are widely used in
commercial aquaculture and individual cage units of
desired shapes and sizes can be tailored to suit the needs
Effect of Biofertilizer and Organic Manure on Growth and Yield of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)
No full text
A field experiment was conducted during Kharif season of 2021, at crop research farm of Department of Agronomy at Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj in North Eastern plains of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. The objective of the research study was to determine the effect of Bio fertilizer and Organic manure on growth and yield of Pearl millet under Randomized block design comprising of 9 treatments of which treatments with different combination of Rhizobium and VAM along with Organic manure like FYM and Vermicompost which were replicated thrice. The experimental results revealed that plant height (201.20 cm) and plant dry weight (50.05 g) were recorded significantly (P<0.05) highest in treatment Rhizobium @ 5 g/kg + VAM @ 5g/kg + FYM @ 2.5 t/ha + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha. The highest number of ears/hill (2.43), number of grains/ear head (2157.33), grain yield (1973.00 Kg/ha), straw yield (3920 kg/ha) and harvest index (41.32%) were recorded with treatment Rhizobium @ 5 g/kg + VAM @ 5g/kg + FYM @ 2.5 t/ha + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha.
 
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